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Facilitating Change: Roles of the Early Childhood Literacy Coach
Martha Buell,Myae Han,Katrin L. Blamey,Carol Vukelich 환태평양유아교육연구학회 2010 Asia-Pacific journal of research in early childhoo Vol.4 No.2
This qualitative study sought to explicate the roles Early Childhood Literacy coaches played in a federally-funded project to improve early language and literacy instruction for preschool children. Across three Head Start sites, participants included classroom teachers, literacy coaches, center coordinators, and program coordinators. Structured interviews were conducted and analyzed to understand the roles assumed by coaches who served preschool teachers.
Mutual Information Applied to Anomaly Detection
Kopylova, Yuliya,Buell, Duncan A.,Huang, Chin-Tser,Janies, Jeff The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2008 Journal of communications and networks Vol.10 No.1
Anomaly detection systems playa significant role in protection mechanism against attacks launched on a network. The greatest challenge in designing systems detecting anomalous exploits is defining what to measure. Effective yet simple, Shannon entropy metrics have been successfully used to detect specific types of malicious traffic in a number of commercially available IDS's. We believe that Renyi entropy measures can also adequately describe the characteristics of a network as a whole as well as detect abnormal traces in the observed traffic. In addition, Renyi entropy metrics might boost sensitivity of the methods when disambiguating certain anomalous patterns. In this paper we describe our efforts to understand how Renyi mutual information can be applied to anomaly detection as an offline computation. An initial analysis has been performed to determine how well fast spreading worms (Slammer, Code Red, and Welchia) can be detected using our technique. We use both synthetic and real data audits to illustrate the potentials of our method and provide a tentative explanation of the results.
HIV-1 Genetic Diversity Among Incident Infections in Mbeya, Tanzania
Billings, Erik,Sanders-Buell, Eric,Bose, Meera,Kijak, Gustavo H.,Bradfield, Andrea,Crossler, Jacqueline,Arroyo, Miguel A.,Maboko, Leonard,Hoffmann, Oliver,Geis, Steffen,Birx, Deborah L.,Kim, Jerome H. MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL 2017 AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES Vol.33 No.4
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>In preparation for vaccine trials, HIV-1 genetic diversity was surveyed between 2002 and 2006 through the Cohort Development study in the form of a retrospective and prospective observational study in and around the town of Mbeya in Tanzania's Southwest Highlands. This study describes the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 strains obtained from 97 out of 106 incident HIV-1 infections identified in three subpopulations of participants (one rural, two urban) from the Mbeya area. Near full-genome or half-genome sequencing showed a subtype distribution of 40% C, 17% A1, 1% D, and 42% inter-subtype recombinants. Compared to viral subtyping results previously obtained from the retrospective phase of this study, the overall proportion of incident viral strains did not change greatly during the study course, suggesting maturity of the epidemic. A comparison to a current Phase I-II vaccine being tested in Africa shows ∼17% amino acid sequence difference between the gp120 of the vaccine and subtype C incident strains. Phylogenetic and recombinant breakpoint analysis of the incident strains revealed the emergence of CRF41_CD and many unique recombinants, as well as the presence of six local transmission networks most of which were confined to the rural subpopulation. In the context of vaccine cohort selection, these results suggest distinct infection transmission dynamics within these three geographically close subpopulations. The diversity and genetic sequences of the HIV-1 strains obtained during this study will greatly contribute to the planning, immunogen selection, and analysis of vaccine-induced immune responses observed during HIV-1 vaccine trials in Tanzania and neighboring countries.</P>
Mutual Information Applied to Anomaly Detection
Yuliya Kopylova,D. A. Buell,C.-T.Huang,J. Janies 한국통신학회 2008 Journal of communications and networks Vol.10 No.1
Anomaly detection systems play a significant role in protection mechanism against attacks launched on a network. The greatest challenge in designing systems detecting anomalous exploits is defining what to measure. Effective yet simple, Shannon entropy metrics have been successfully used to detect specific types of malicious traffic in a number of commercially available IDS’s. We believe that Renyi entropy measures can also adequately describe the characteristics of a network as a whole as well as detect abnormal traces in the observed traffic. In addition, Renyi entropy metrics might boost sensitivity of the methods when disambiguating certain anomalous patterns. In this paper we describe our efforts to understand how Renyi mutual information can be applied to anomaly detection as an offline computation. An initial analysis has been performed to determine how well fast spreading worms (Slammer, Code Red, andWelchia) can be detected using our technique. We use both synthetic and real data audits to illustrate the potentials of our method and provide a tentative explanation of the results.
MAPPING THE POLARIZATION OF THE RADIO-LOUD Ly<i>α</i>NEBULA B3 J2330+3927
You, Chang,Zabludoff, Ann,Smith, Paul,Yang, Yujin,Kim, Eunchong,Jannuzi, Buell,Prescott, Moire K. M.,Matsuda, Yuichi,Lee, Myung Gyoon American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astrophysical journal Vol.834 No.2
<P>Ly alpha nebulae, or 'Ly alpha blobs,' are extended (up to similar to 100 kpc), bright (L-Ly alpha greater than or similar to 10(43) erg s(-1)) clouds of Lya emitting gas that tend to lie in overdense regions at z similar to 2-5. The origin of the Lya emission remains unknown, but recent theoretical work suggests that measuring the polarization might discriminate among powering mechanisms. Here we present the first narrowband imaging polarimetry of a radio-loud Lya nebula, B3 J2330+3927, at z - 3.09, with an embedded active galactic nucleus (AGN). The AGN lies near the blob's Lya emission peak, and its radio lobes align roughly with the blob's major axis. With the SPOL polarimeter on the 6.5 m MMT telescope, we map the total (Ly alpha + continuum) polarization in a grid of circular apertures of a radius of 0.'' 6 (4.4 kpc), detecting a significant (>2 sigma) polarization fraction P-% in nine apertures and achieving strong upper limits (as low as 2%) elsewhere. P-% increases from <2% at similar to 5 kpc from the blob center to 17% at similar to 15-25 kpc. The detections are distributed asymmetrically, roughly along the nebula's major axis. The polarization angles theta are mostly perpendicular to this axis. Comparing the Ly alpha flux to that of the continuum and conservatively assuming that the continuum is highly polarized (20%-100%) and aligned with the total polarization, we place lower limits on the polarization of the Lya emission P-%,P-Ly alpha ranging from no significant polarization at similar to 5 kpc from the blob center to 3%-17% at 10-25 kpc. Like the total polarization, the Ly alpha polarization detections occur more often along the blob's major axis.</P>