체조선수의 Anomie상태가 적응행동 및 일탈행동과의 관계

이보선,부기원 강원대학교 체육과학연구소 2001 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.24

The purpose of this research to test relationship among adapation behavior and deviant behavior according to anmie of athletes. This research which to achieve this purpse sample of high school male - fencing fencing athletes who registered the K.G.A in 2000. A sampling abstraction drew a random sampling 250 athletes among selected 300 athletes. The survey questionnaire were used to collect data. The method made use of anomie index chic the Modem Society Association standardozed sentences by translation anomie index invented by Srole(1956) and supplement-modified by Choi Mi Ran(1998) The analuzed-result as followed. First, as the athletes backgroun, the experience of anomie is hider women than men, Also it is less experience of anomie for lower educated-person and more experienced-person of sports. Second, the type of adaptive behavior as the athletes background, conformable behavior is higher experienced-person who wins a prize than person who not-experienced winning a prize. The rebellious behaviour of adagaviour is the highest in the college group. Third, as the athletes background, Drugs is the highest in the college group, it is higher experienced-group of sports, expeniencid-group of winning a prize and the Roman Catholic than any other groups.

인터넷과 헌법상 쟁점들

李富夏 법무부 2004 선진상사법률연구 Vol.- No.22

Das Internet ist zur Zeit die weltweit größte und nach wie vor am schnellsten expandierende Kcmmunikationsstruktur. Electronic Mail (E-Mail) ist der am meisten genutzte Dienst im Internet E-Mail erlaubt es, Text von einem Computer auf einen anderen zu übertragen. Um E-Mail zu nutzen, benötigt man allerdings eine entsprechende Adresse. 1. Die Zusendung von unerwünschter E-Mail-Werbung an Private verstößt nach meiner Auffassung gegen Art 17 KVerfR, sofern der Empfänger nicht damit einverstanden ist oder sein Einverständnis auch nicht im Rahmen einer bereits bestehenden Geschäftsverbindung vermutet werden kann. Nach Auffassung der deutschen Gerichte ist das unaufgeforderte Zusenden von Spam-Mail wettbewerbsrechtlich unzulässig. Der Begriff von Spam-Mail ist mittlerweile ein fester Bestandteil jedes Internet-Glossars. Als Spam-Mail bezeichnet man das massenhafte Versenden von E-Mail im Internet Als verfassungswidrig gemäß Art 17 KVerfR (privacy) gilt die unaufgeforderte Bulk E-Mail beim Leeren des elektronischen Briefkastens die unverlangte Werbung unter Aufwand von Zeit, Mühe und Kosten aussortieren muss. 2. Pomographen, politisch Radikale, Rassisten, Militaristen, Antisemiten und Urheber beleidigender und verleumderischer Aussagen haben das Internet als weltweite unzensierte Plattform entdeckt Das ist nicht selten mit Verstößen gegen Rechtsnormen verbunden. Der Staat ist insbesondere immer dann verpflichtet schützend einzugreifen, wenn untragbare Folgen für individuelle und kollektive Rechtsgüter abzuwehren sind. Die Verbreitung verfassungsfeindlicher rassistischer Äußerungen, Gewaltaufrufe, nationalsozialistischen Gedankengutes und ähnlicher politradikaler Propaganda ist geeignet, die als fundamentale staatliche Gesamtordnung in den Grundwerten der Verfassung niedergelegte freiheitliche demokratische Grundordnung unmittelbar zu gefährden. Außerdem können rassistische, radikale Inhalte sowie Gewaltaufrufe die Würde des Menschen nach Art 10 KVerfR verletzen. 3. Fragliche ist, welche Bedeutung angesichts der zunehmenden Globalisierung dem Grundprinzip internationaler Zuständigkeit, dem Territorialprinzip, hinsichtlich nationaler Regelungen noch zukommen kann. Die Manifestation der Hoheitsakte in Form von schriftlichen Bescheiden oder Gewaltanwendungen läßt sich ebenfalls in den meisten Fällen ohne weiteres einem geographisch abgegrenzten Staatsgebiet zuordnen. Dem Territorialprinzip können die Staatsorgane einfach dadurch Genüge tun, indem sie auf dem Staatsgebiet verbleiben und physisch manifestierte Hoheitsakte nicht über die Grenzen hinweg gelangen lassen. Die Staaten dürfen aber über das Internet keine Hoheitsakte an Adressaten im Ausland versenden. Sie dürfen ebenfalls nicht über das Internet hoheitlich auf Inhalte zugreifen, die auf Rechnern im Ausland abgespeichert sind. 4. Betrachtet man die Kooperation und Koordination von Recht als vordringliche Aufgabe nicht nur auf der staatlichen, sondern auf der internationalen Ebene, so wird deutlich, dass dies ein umständliches, langwieriges und alles andere als einfaches Unterfangen ist. 인터넷의 보편화로 인한 발생하는 헌법상의 쟁점들이 계속하여 제기되고 있다. 특히 인터넷상의 가상공간에서의 표현은 다양하고 복잡한 헌법상의 문제를 불러 일으킨다. 첫째, 인터넷상 표현이 다른 매체에 의한 표현과 상이한 특성을 지니고 있다. 따라서 그에 대한 규율의 특이성이 요청된다. 특히 방송과의 차이를 고찰해보면, 인터넷상 표현은 신속성, 국제성, 비용저렴성, 대량정보전달 가능성의 특징을 지닌다. 그리고 가상공간에서의 ID의 사용은 무책임한 표현이나, 불건전한 정보의 유통을 가능케 한다는 문제점을 지니나, 그럼에도 불구하고 인터넷 가상공간에서의 익명의 사용은 헌법상 위헌의 소지가 없다. 왜냐하면 이러한 ID의 사용은 표현의 자유를 신장시킬 뿐만 아니라, ID사용으로 인하여 표현자(인터넷이용자)의 프라이버시권을 보호할 수 있기 때문이다. 인터넷사이트의 회원가입의 문제는 헌법상 양심의 자유와 인격권의 침해를 유발할 수 있다. 이는 특히 기본기입사항(필수사항)과 관련하여 문제된다. 인터넷상의 인종차별주의적, 폭력찬양적 정보, 폭력선동 및 명예훼손적 표현은 "자유민주적 기본질서"(우리헌법 제4조 참조)를 직접적으로 위태롭게 하며, 그밖에 우리 헌법 제10조에 의거한 "인간의 존엄과 가치"를 침해할 수 있다 둘째, 전통적인 주권개념에 의해 인터넷상의 표현들을 규제하는 주권적 행사를 발휘할 수 있는가는 헌법상 재정립해야 할 부분이다. 인터넷상의 불법적 표현을 규제하기 위해서는 국내법과 국제법의 공조가 필요하다. 셋째, 스팸메일은 규범상 "메일수신자의 의사에 반하여 보내진 전자메일"이라는 광의로 정의내리는 것이 타당하다. 스팸메일을 규제하는 방식으로는 옵트인(Opt-in)방식과 옵트아웃(Opt-out)방식이 있는데, 입법적으로는 온라인 서비스업체들 또는 스팸메일전송자가 스팸메일을 보내기 전에 수신이용자의 동의를 얻도록 하는 옵트인(Opt-in)방식이 실행되어야 할 것이다.

韓國企業 賃金管理現況과 그 改善方案에 관한 硏究

朴富穗 順天大學校 1984 論文集 人文社會科學篇 Vol.3 No.-

Wage is the source of income for laborers but is the main items of cost for the enterprise. Laborers, therefore require high level wage but the enterpreneur insists on low level wage. High level wage weakens the ability of international competition, and low level wage causes weakening of productivity and falling short of effective demand and make economy depressed. So, it is more important matter of wage policy that wage level should be formed in view of laborer, enterpreneur and national economy. Because wage functions as cost of living for the laborer and as personnel expenditure for the enterprise, a matter that by what criteria wage level is determined is raised. A small difference in the criteria of wage level management is made by the view of scholar, but in general ①Ability to pay of enterprise, ②Laborer's living cost, and ③Going wage rate are regarded as the criteria of wage management. As traditional wage system is imperfact and irrational distribution system, the requirement of wage rationalization is powerfully arising. The requirement of wage rationalization is that of job wage, functional wage, and wage by productivity. In job wage system is determined by the relative value of jab which is analyzed by job analysis and job evaluation. In Korean enterprises it is not easy to accept this system. Because the poor technique of job analysis and job evaluation makes it difficult to settle relative value of job, and because the deep attachment to wage system by long and meritiorious service in Korea makes serve resistance to the overall acceptance of job wage system. To rationalize wage management each enterprise should adopt follwing policies. (1) Excessive surplus value of education should be excluded and hiring qualification should be lowered. (2) Sexual discrimination in wage should be abolished and the potentail high class woman labor force should be utilized. (3) To raise the ability to pay productivity should be elevated, and to elevate productivity, tangible fixed assets per capital, ratio of gross value added to tangible fixed assets, and ratio of gross value added to total assets should be elevated. (4) To accept job wage system and functional wage system, the management technique of manpower should be mordernized and personnel administration system by ability should be possessed.

한국기업의 時間基準 競爭을 위한 工程 慣行의 分析

노부호,박영수 서강대학교 경영학연구원 2003 서강경영논총 Vol.14 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 산업별로 시간기준 생산시스템을 수립하는데 기여하는 공정 관행을 분석하는 것이다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기계산업은 신속한 납기를 위해 기업 내부적인 동시공학과 설비의 보수유지 활동에 많은 투자가 필요하다. 둘째, 섬유산업은 장치형 산업의 특성 때문에 시간기준 생산시스템을 수립할 때 공정관행은 크게 기여하지 못한다. 단지 pull 생산만이 시간경쟁이 기여하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 전기·전자산업은 유연성 향상을 위한 공정관행 즉 셀생산, 외부적인 동시공학 활동, 준비시간 단축 등을 위해 노력해야 한다. 특히 다른 산업과는 달리 고객의 요구를 제품에 반영하기 위해서 실시되는 외부적인 동시공학 활동을 수행함으로써 시간 경쟁능력을 향상시킬 수 있다. The purpose of this study analyzes the ways to establish time-based manufacturing system is the aspect of practices of process practices by the individual industry. The results of this study are as follows. First, the machine industry needs activities for internal CE and maintenance demand a lot of support for delivery promptly. Second, the textile industry show that process practices no contribute to establishment of time-based manufacturing system. Bur pull production contribute to time competition. Third, the electric Industry and the electronic industry must exert themselves to attain the process practices - cellular manufacturing, external concurrent engineering and reduction of setup time - to improve flexibility. Contrary to the different industries, performing external concurrent engineering to reflect customers' demands in products ran raise the ability for time competition.

마아가렛 뉴만 이론의 분석

서부덕 대구산업정보대학 1994 논문집 Vol.8 No.-

Neuman's model provides a valuable focus on health. The concepts used to describe health(consciousness, movement, time, space) are visionary, and reflect a model that is significant because it is broad in scope and complex. Research using model is limited the model provides fertile ground for the furture development of a knowledge base unique to nursing science.

磁鐵鑛 鑛球의 還元特性에 미치는 SiO₂CaO 添加의 影響

김부천,梁勳永,이승원 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1977 논문집 Vol.7 No.1

Direct reduction of sintered magnetite ore pellets containing 3-6% SiO₂and CaO with the basicity range of 0.5-2.4 has been made in a fixed bed with coke powder in the temperature range of 900-1200℃. Reduction degree of reduced pellets was obtained from the weight loss of the pellets after reduction. Phase change during the reduction was investigated by X-ray diffraction method and microscopic observation. Followings are the results summerized. 1) At 900℃, reduction was only reached to the wustite. Above 900℃, porous metallic iron layers began to appear and the phase of reduction proceeded topochemically towards the inside of the pellet. 2) Lime addition was more effective to the promotion of reducibility at higher temperature. 3) Reduction rate of the pellet containing 3-6% SiO₂followed well the equation, -log (1-R) = Kt, with the exception of the pellet containing higher CaO at the elevated temperature. Activation energy obtained from the above equation was the range of 21.7-25.5㎉/25.5㎉/mole. 4) Due to swelling, at 1100℃, cracking in the reduced pellet was pronounced at the basicity of 1.5, resulting uniform distribution of metallic iron. 5) In order to promote reduction degree as well as not to crack the pellet reduced, long time reduction at lower temperature followed by shorter reduction at higher temperature was recommendable.

國際企業의 國有化의 法的 問題 : 國際讓許契約의 一方的 破棄를 中心으로

金富燦 제주대학교 1986 논문집 Vol.16 No.1

Few subjects are as controversial in international law today as the nationalization. Tradition pinciples of international law have required that any taking of foreign-owned property (nationalization) should be nondiscriminatory ; that it should be for a public purpose , and that the prompt, adequate, and effective compensation should be paid. But the practice of the developing countries and the teachings of many publicists claim that such principles and rules traditionally adhered to by western developed countries have lost their legal significance. Indeed, today, the international law of nationalization is far from clear. What is equally or more Important is whether the unilateral abrogation of the concession agreements (so-called, economic development agreements) which are concluded between a sovereign State and TNCs to exploit natural resources on payment of royalties is a breach of international law and thus create State responsibility on the international plane. In this paper, I confined the subject of study to this problem. Some argue that concession agreements are not international agreements, since they are not concluded between States and are, therefore, governed by the domestic law of the State concerned; that the right of nationalization is a qualified or an absolute right based upon the permanent sovereignty as jus cogens; that the concession agreements can he considered as administrative contracts ; and that, assuming that such agreements were subject to public international law, the doctrine of pacta sunt servanda would be effictiverly qualified by the equally well-established international legal principle clausula rebus sic standibus, which sanctions the abrogation of international agreements on the basis of a fundamental change of circumstances. Others argue that the breach of concession agreements by the contracting State (host country) of itself creates international responsibility because they are internationalized by the stabilization, international arbitration, and choice-of-law provisions, though they are not to be equated with treaties which are concluded between States ; that the principle of pacta sunt servanda also should be applied to contracts between State and TNCs ; and that if a State party to a concession agreement believes that conditions exist that allow the doctrine of rebus sic stantibus to be invoked, international law requires that it so inform the other party to a concession agreement (TNCs). Therefore, in my opnion, the unilateral and unjustified abrogation of such an agreemnt per se would be a violation of international law and if an aim of international law is to discourage the unlawful violation of agreements, then a requirement of restitutio in integrum would be the most effective and primary means of attaining that objective, if performance of such an agreement is no longer possible, then all measurable damages (damnum emergens and lucrum cessans) should be paid.

國際聯合(UN)의 改革 : 사무총장의 개혁보고서를 중심으로

김부찬 濟州大學校 法과政策硏究所 1998 法과 政策 Vol.- No.4

제주 '평화의 섬'의 유형과 정책적 과제

김부찬 濟州大學校 法과政策硏究所 2002 法과 政策 Vol.- No.8

境界 要素法을 利用한 2次元 彈性體의 形狀 最適設計에 관한 硏究

전부일,우호길 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1994 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.9 No.2

The development and application to the shape optimization of two-dimensional elastic body are presented. Boundary element method is used in this study to avoid the regridding process to account for shape charge. Feasible direction method is used as optimization technique and Finite difference method is used to get design sensitivity in the optimization process. To demonstrate the feasibility of the method proposed, shape optimization of two dimensional dlastic ring under point load is carried out as an example.