Treaty of Rome: Legal Implication to the East Asian Regional Agreements

( Bongchul Kim ),( And Sunghwah Ko ) 한국EU학회 2021 Asia-Pacific Journal of EU Studies Vol.19 No.1

Treaty of Rome, which was created among the 6 EEC countries has a distinctive significance in history of EU. Charters, Articles, and protocols in this treaty provide the legal basis for the free movement of goods and services, the creation of Customs Union, the abolition of Quantitative Restriction, the cooperative policy in broad aspects, the creation of European Investment Bank, and the institutional devices which enable all. These innovative contents naturally had a crucial impact to other European treaties. Considering that Treaty of Rome was created in 1950, near to the demise of World War Ⅱ, it is plausible that it gives a remarkable impact to the development of the modern international law. Structures and language of Articles has been continuously repeated in many regional agreements. In terms of the fact that regional agreements operate as a structural model in international society, Treaty of Rome still has an implication to current circumstance. Therefore, Treaty of Rome could give a lesson to the East Asia. Regional integration in East Asia is not enhanced enough to EU, at least they agree on its necessity. Again, considering that contribution of Treaty of Rome to EU and regional agreement in the international society is large, it could provide the touchstone in regional integration of the East Asia. With an endeavor of regional agreement in East Asia, Treaty of Rome could lead to a more sophisticated approach.

Microelectrode fabrication by laser direct curing of tiny nanoparticle self-generated from organometallic ink.

Kang, Bongchul,Ko, Seunghwan,Kim, Jongsu,Yang, Minyang Optical Society of America 2011 Optics express Vol.19 No.3

<P>In this paper, we present a new laser direct patterning method that selectively cures nanoparticles self-generated from organometallic ink by proper thermal decomposition. This approach has several advantages in the curing rate, resolution and pattern quality compared with the conventional nanoparticle ink based direct laser curing method. It was found that a laser wavelength which is more weakly absorbed by the nanoparticles could produce a more stable and homogeneous curing condition. Finally, arbitrary shaped silver electrodes with narrow width and uniform profile could be achieved on a polymer substrate at a high curing rate of 25 mm/s. This process can be applied for flexible electronics fabrications on heat sensitive polymer substrates.</P>

One-Step Fabrication of Copper Electrode by Laser-Induced Direct Local Reduction and Agglomeration of Copper Oxide Nanoparticle

Kang, Bongchul,Han, Seungyong,Kim, Jongsu,Ko, Seunghwan,Yang, Minyang American Chemical Society 2011 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C - Vol.115 No.48

<P>Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticle-based organic solutions are highly stable in air as well as cheaper compared to copper (Cu) nanoparticle solutions due to the absence of particle oxidation problems. Laser direct patterning via photothermochemical reaction of the CuO nanoparticles is suggested to efficiently fabricate Cu electrodes. CuO nanoparticles dispersed in ethylene glycol were instantaneously reduced to Cu nanoparticles by intense laser irradiation, and the Cu nanoparticles were simultaneously agglomerated and sintered to form conductors without additional processes. Finally, Cu electrodes with about 10 μm thickness and a specific electrical resistance of 31 μΩ·cm were successfully fabricated on a glass and flexible substrate. Furthermore, the maximum possible patterning rate was discussed in terms of the reduction rate of CuO. This conductor structuring method enables an environmentally friendly and cost-effective process as well as a low-temperature manufacturing sequence to realize large-area, flexible electronics on polymer substrates.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2011/jpccck.2011.115.issue-48/jp205281a/production/images/medium/jp-2011-05281a_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp205281a'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Coordinated Control of Motor-Driven Power Steering Torque Overlay and Differential Braking for Emergency Driving Support

Jaewoong Choi,Kyongsu Yi,Jeeyoon Suh,Bongchul Ko IEEE 2014 IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology VT Vol.63 No.2

<P>This paper describes a coordinated control of motor-driven power steering (MDPS) torque overlay and differential braking for emergency driving support (EDS). The coordinated control algorithm is designed to assist drivers to overcome hazardous situations. Electrically controllable MDPS and brake system are used as actuators, and a radar and a camera are used as a sensor system. Using environmental and vehicle information obtained from the sensor system, a risk of collision and driver's intention are determined, and a collision avoidance trajectory is generated, incorporating the driver's intention. Based on the generated collision avoidance trajectory, the MDPS overlay torque is determined to assist the driver's speed of response, and differential braking is determined to maximize the minimum vehicle-to-vehicle distance to avoid collision. The performance of the proposed algorithm has been investigated via computer simulations and real-time (RT) human-in-the-loop simulations. The simulation studies show that the controlled vehicle can secure additional vehicle-to-vehicle distance in severe lane change maneuvering for collision avoidance. The success rate of collision avoidance has been investigated for eight test drivers using the human-in-the-loop simulations. It has been shown that most of the test drivers can benefit from the proposed support system.</P>

지역화 공공데이터 기반 초등학생 머신러닝 교육 프로그램 개발

김봉철,김봄솔,고은정,문우종,오정철,김종훈,Kim, Bongchul,Kim, Bomsol,Ko, Eunjeong,Moon, Woojong,Oh, Jeongcheol,Kim, Jonghoon 한국정보교육학회 2021 정보교육학회논문지 Vol.25 No.5

본 연구는 초등학생의 컴퓨팅 사고력 향상을 위한 교육 방법으로 지역화 공공데이터를 활용한 인공지능 교육프로그램을 개발하고 그 효과를 검증하였다. ADDIE 모형에 따라 초등학생을 대상으로 사전 요구 분석을 진행한 결과를 바탕으로 프로그램 설계를 진행하였다. 지역화 공공데이터를 기반으로 머신러닝 포 키즈와 스크래치를 활용하여 인공지능 원리를 학습하고 공공데이터를 목적에 맞게 추상화하는 과정을 통해 문제를 해결하고 컴퓨팅 사고력을 향상할 수 있도록 교육 프로그램을 개발하고 적용하였다. 비버챌린지를 활용하여 사전·사후 검사결과를 통해 컴퓨팅 사고력의 변화 정도를 분석하였으며, 분석 결과 본 연구는 초등학생의 컴퓨팅 사고력 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. This study developed an artificial intelligence education program using localized public data as an educational method for improving computing thinking skills of elementary school students. According to the ADDIE model, the program design was carried out based on the results of pre-requisite analysis for elementary school students, and textbooks and education programs were developed. Based on localized public data, the training program was constructed to learn the principles of artificial intelligence using machine learning for kids and scratches and to solve problems and improve computational thinking through abstracting public data for purpose. It is necessary to put this training program into the field through further research and verify the change in students' computational thinking as a result.

밀리미터파 레이더를 이용한 충돌피해경감 시스템

정혁진(Hyokjin Chong),엄대연(Daeyoun Um),고봉철(Bongchul Ko),이인식(Insik Lee) 한국자동차공학회 2008 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

In this study, an algorithm for Collision Damage Mitigation system (CDM) is developed and implemented on an actual passenger car. The test car consists of a hydraulic brake actuator (ESC) for deceleration, MilliMeter Wave (MMW) radar for detecting leading car/obstacle, Electronic Seatbelt Retractor and main control unit. COM decision and control algorithm is based on relative speed between subject vehicle and leading vehicle/Obstacle and Time To Collision Parameter (TIC). The algorithm is tested and verified on the proving ground for relating with International Standard Organization (ISO) and Japanese Technical Guide..

Plasmonic Laser Nanowelding of Copper Nanowire Percolation Network in Ambient Condition for Flexible and Stretchable Conductors

Seungyong Han,Sukjoon Hong,Jooyeun Ham,Junyeob Yeo,Jinhwan Lee,Bongchul Kang,Phillip Lee,Jinhyeong Kwon,Seung S. Lee,Min-Yang Yang,Seung Hwan Ko 한국생산제조학회 2014 한국생산제조시스템학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.9(2)

Risk management algorithm for rear-side collision avoidance using a combined steering torque overlay and differential braking

Lee, Junyung,Yi, Kyongsu,Yoo, Hyunjae,Chong, Hyokjin,Ko, Bongchul Swets and Zeitlinger 2015 Vehicle system dynamics Vol.53 No.6

<P>This paper describes a risk management algorithm for rear-side collision avoidance. The proposed risk management algorithm consists of a supervisor and a coordinator. The supervisor is designed to monitor collision risks between the subject vehicle and approaching vehicle in the adjacent lane. An appropriate criterion of intervention, which satisfies high acceptance to drivers through the consideration of a realistic traffic, has been determined based on the analysis of the kinematics of the vehicles in longitudinal and lateral directions. In order to assist the driver actively and increase driver's safety, a coordinator is designed to combine lateral control using a steering torque overlay by motor-driven power steering and differential braking by vehicle stability control. In order to prevent the collision while limiting actuator's control inputs and vehicle dynamics to safe values for the assurance of the driver's comfort, the Lyapunov theory and linear matrix inequalities based optimisation methods have been used. The proposed risk management algorithm has been evaluated via simulation using CarSim and MATLAB/Simulink.</P>

An IMM/EKF Approach for Enhanced Multitarget State Estimation for Application to Integrated Risk Management System

Kim, Beomjun,Yi, Kyongsu,Yoo, Hyun-Jae,Chong, Hyok-Jin,Ko, Bongchul IEEE 2015 IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology VT Vol.64 No.3

<P>For the generic assessment and the total management of collision risks with multitraffic in complex driving situations, it is essential to estimate and represent the target vehicles' overall behaviors such as heading, yaw rate, absolute velocity and acceleration, and relative position and relative velocity, which are the state of the target vehicle with respect to the host vehicle. To achieve this, this paper describes an interacting multiple model (IMM) approach using extended Kalman filters (EKFs) to improve multitarget state estimation performance with utilization of automotive radars. Automotive radar is the best fitted vehicular surround sensing technology with respect to functionality, robustness, reliability, dependence on weather conditions, etc. In an application of the automotive radar, the most important issue is to handle an uncertain measurement model problem that is wandering on the target's physical boundary. To cope with this problem, multimodels are formulated, and a new multitarget tracking algorithm is developed based on the IMM approach, global-nearest-neighbor-based data association, and the EKF method with elaborated modeling of automotive radar. The performance of the proposed multitarget tracking algorithm is verified via vehicle tests on real roads. Moreover, a performance comparison with a model-switching algorithm, which is a simple approach to handling the multimodel problem, has been conducted. It is shown that the target vehicle's overall behavior can be estimated by the proposed elaborated models, and the estimation performance can be significantly enhanced by the proposed IMM-based algorithm.</P>

측후방 충돌 회피를 위한 조향 보조 토크 및 차등 제동 분배 제어 알고리즘 개발

이준영,김동욱,이경수,유현재,정혁진,고봉철,Lee, Junyung,Kim, Dongwook,Yi, Kyongsu,Yoo, Hyunjae,Chong, Hyokjin,Ko, Bongchul 한국자동차안전학회 2013 자동차안전학회지 Vol.5 No.2

This paper describes a coordinated control algorithm for rear-side collision avoidance. In order to assist driver actively and increase driver's safety, the proposed coordinated control algorithm is designed to combine lateral control using a steering torque overlay by Motor Driven Power Steering (MDPS) and differential braking by Vehicle Stability Control (VSC). The main objective of a combined control strategy is twofold. The one is to prevent the collision between the subject vehicle and approaching vehicle in the adjacent lanes. The other is to limit actuator's control inputs and vehicle dynamics to safe values for the assurance of the driver's comfort. In order to achieve these goals, the Lyapunov theory and LMI optimization methods has been employed. The proposed coordinated control algorithm for rear-side collision avoidance has been evaluated via simulation using CarSim and MATLAB/Simulink.