Association between business switch or liquidation, and the demographics of Small and Medium Enterprises in South Korea

Dong‑Bin Jeong 한국유통과학회 2018 The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business( Vol.9 No.9

Purpose – In this study, we consider and examine relationships between reasons for business switch or liquidation (BSL), and the demographics of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in South Korea. The related five variables are occupations, administrative districts, age of employer, firm age and foundation motivation. In addition, eleven levels in association with reasons for BSL visualize the corresponding demographics by measuring their similarity on the dimensional planes assuming that the association exists between variables under consideration. Research design, data, and methodology - This study is done by the Ministry of SMEs and Startups in 2016 and examines 20,307 small and medium enterprises. For examining the distinct relationships among variables under consideration, both chi-squared test and correspondence analysis as main statistical tools are used. Results - The results show that among levels of reasons for BSL the three levels –weakening profitability, poor sales and economic depression- are main ones for the five demographics variables mentioned above, and we can obtain the detailed associations between attributes of corresponding variables by inspecting the two dimensional plane. Conclusions - This study suggests reasons for BSL are closely associated with the five different demographics variables – Administrative districts, Firm age, Occupations, Age of employer and Foundation motivation-by looking over results.

도시지역 보건사업에서 컴퓨터의 활용방안에 관한 연구

염용태,이명숙,조병희,송동빈 고려대학교 의과대학 1990 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.27 No.2

Nacessity of new communication media in information society is repidly increasing in many fields of Korea. It includes the field of primary helath care in the courses of collecting informations on demographic feature, social characteristics and health behavior of peoples. In light of above reasons, the authors attempted to utilize personal computers for the primary health services to promote health of unban people as a pilot study in Guro-6- Dong, Seoul. Five nurses working in Guro-6-Dong Health Subcenter completed family health records of 3,930 households among the total of 4,270. A total of 3,904 family health records among 3,930 were computerized and sorted out in categories of population characteristics, population dymanics, characteristics of householders, housing, family planning, maternal and child health(M.C.H), health status of residents and of others. Names of risky category in M.C.H, and family planning were listed and the lists were handed to the nurses concerned in order to practice proper cares in time. Sorted data were compared with ones of City of Seoul, average of other cities, and ones of nationwide. With the results of above practice, in terms of utilization of computer in uban primary health sevices, the following strategy was proposed. In order to provide proper health services the unban people demanded, efficient devices of information collection, processing and interpretation systems on health were urgently needed in every dong unit(health subcenter) of health centers. Recommended was personal computer network as a new communication media. Additional advantages of the devices were continuity and efficiency in services, and utilization in evaluation of health services and analysis of cost -effectiveness.

측백나무 잎의 정유성분 조사

임동균, 홍열, 임흥빈 충북대학교 연초연구소 2008 煙草硏究 Vol.21 No.-

-본문참고-

세계화를 위한 초등영어교육의 전망

정동빈 중앙대학교 외국어문학연구소 1998 외국학연구 Vol.- No.2

印刷出版業 勤勞者 尿의 突然變異誘發性에 關한 調査硏究

宋東彬,車喆煥,金永煥 고려대학교 의과대학 1985 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.22 No.1

As a part of the human population monitoring on the mutagenicity of environmental pollutants in industrial working sites, this study was performed with a purpose of examining the mutagenicity in urine of printing workers who are exposed to pollutants such as lead and certain organic solvents. Also, environmental monitoring of major pollutants of ambient air in printing indutries, such as lead, toluene, xylene, benzene and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), was carried out to correlate the relationship between mutagenicity and environmental chemicals. In addition, the relationship between mutagenicity and other factors such as age, career, smoking amount and the amount of urinary hippuric acid, the major metabolite of toluene, was evaluated. The test method employed in studying the mutagenicity in urine was Ames test using Salmonella typlumurium TA98. The mutagenic activity was calculated based on urinary creatinine levels and spontaneous revertants. The subjects of this study were 95 line-workers(esposed group) and 27 clerks (unexposed group) from 3 printing industries. The line-workers mere from the type picking and setting, photolithographing, offset printing and gravure printing part. The results are as follows : 1. The mutagenic activity in urine from printing works was 92.7, which is 2.5 times higher than that of the control group (35.0). Especially, the smokers of gravurers showed the highest mutagenic activity of 183.9. 2. The mutagenic activity of smokers in the unexposed group was 2.7 times higher than thar of the nonsmoker, while in the exposed group the mutagenic activity of smokers was only 1.3~1.5 times higher than that of the unexposed group. 3. The mutagenicity in urine of printing workers showed a strong correlation with the air concentration of organic solvents (r=0.54). On the other hand, little correlation was seen with the amount of hippuric acid in urine (r=0.11). 4. The age, career and smoking amount of the workers showed no remarkable correlation with the mutagenic activity in urine.

유아영어교수학습접근, 방법, 기법 및 절차에 대한 개발 연구

정동빈 The English Linguistic Science Association of Kore 2002 English Linguistic Science Vol.8 No.-

The purpose of this study was to introduce all kinds of early childhood English teaching approaches, techniques, procedures, and methods. Young children bring with them an already well-established set of instincts, skills and characteristics which will help them to learn another foreign language based on the individual differences. Language teaching should be concerned with authentic life. The methods were designed to increase competence for natural communication in English, to strengthen children's English language proficiency. to increase self-confidence in using English, and to prepare children for participation in the global community. Therefore, the present study looks at how theories have been realised in methodological practice. The present study talked about approaches, methods, techniques, procedures and models, all of which go into the practice of childhood English teaching.

Cumulative Trauma Disorders(CTDs) 관련 범용 작업의험도 평가서 개발에 관한 연구

송동빈,한상환,박동현 大韓産業醫學會 1998 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Today, CTDs (Cumulative Trauma Disorders) are one of major hazards in the US and European Industries disrupting work schedules, productivity and increasing workers compensation cost. The increase in injuries and their associated costs has led companies to form committees and implement programs to address this problem. Therefore, it is important that quantitative analysis tools help identify and assess industrial tasks that pose risk to workers. However, the process of quantifying risk in upper limb tasks is still in its infancy stage and calls for better measurement techniques are not going unheard. As the first work of quantification, baseline CTD checklist for risk assessment was developed in this study. It was mainly based on previous literature regarding CTDs. The checklist was unique in that its expected user was industrial hygienist who did not have much ergonomic background and in that it was targeted to Korean workers in various types of industries. As the list application of the checklist, some jobs in two industries(VDT, heavy industry) were evaluated, and compared with the medical data. Eighteen out of thirty items in the checklist was univariately significant(p<0.05) on the results of medical examinations. The correlation between medical data and total risk score from the checklist was 0.62. The feasibility of its use by an industrial hygienist was also checked by comparing with the results by an ergonomist. Their correlation (on the basis of Kendall's tau-b) in terms of total risk score was 0.74. The checklist in this study shows reasonably good performance for the first trial. Further research will have to include continuous refinement and validation for many more industries and many more jobs.

스프린터 및 장거리 런너들의 단기 및 장기 기능성염 투여에 대한 산화 및 항산화제의 특성

강경빈,배성완,박동철,김학렬 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.6

The aim of this study was examine a effects of acute and chronic Functional salt supplement in serum malonedialdehyde concentration as oxidants, and superoxide dismutase and catalase activity as anti-oxidants during maximal exercise In the acute functional salt supplement, Serum MDA concentration of ETG presented significantly decreased 1evels(p<.05) in immediately after exercise compared to rest, but STG was shown a greatly increased levels(p<.05), However, SCG was not shown a difference. In the difference of three group. It was shown a significant difference between ETG vs. STG and ETG vs. SCG(p<.01, respectively). In the chronic functional salt supplement, serum MDA concentration of ETG was shown a significantly low levels(p<.05) immediately after exercise post 12week supplement compared before supplement, wherease, STG presented increased levels in immediately after exercise compared to rest state before supplement, but it was not difference in post 12week supplement, As results, it was not difference in rest state between before and after, but significantly low levels(p<.01) in immediately after exercise post 12week supplement, serum MDA of SCG presented increased levels(p<.05) in immediately after exercise compared to rest before supplement, but it was not significant difference post 12week. Serum SOD activity of three group was riot shown a significant difference in immediately after exercise compared to rest, before and after 12week supplement, Also, it was not difference between before and after supplement. However, serum SOD activity was proved a significantly high levels in ETG, compared to SCG in immediately after exercise before and after supplement. Serum CAT activity of ETG presented not difference in rest and immediately after exercise before and after supplement, but it was shown a significantly high levels(p<.05) in immediately after exercise after supplement compared to before supplement, However STG was not difference, serum CAT activity of SCG presented significantly high levels(p<.05) in immediately after exercise after 12weeks.

치료적 마사지 프로그램이 섬유근통 증후군의 통증평가척도에 미치는 영향

김영빈,박병근,정동혁 圓光大學校 附設 體力科學硏究所 2004 體力科學硏究 Vol.27 No.-

According to the classification criteria proposed by the American College of Rheumatology, fibromyalgia is a long-standing multifocal pain condition combined with generalised allodynia/hyperalgesia. It is the generalised allodynia/hyperalgesia that distinguishes fibromyalgia from other conditions with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Central sensitisation of nociceptive neurons in the dorsal horn due to activation of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors and disinhibition of pain due to deficient function of the descending inhibitory system are probable pathogenic factors for allodynia/hyperalgesia. Furthermore, chronic pain is a chronic emotional and physical stressor. Chronic stress and chronic sleep disturbance are not specific for fibromyalgia but could be the causes of symptoms like fatigue, cognitive difficulties and other stress-related symptoms. They may also cause neuroendocrinological and immunological aberrations. The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of pain rating scale in the therapeutic massage program applied to the patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome by measuring, assessing and analyzing the changes in intensity and unpleasantness of muscle pains before and after therapeutic massage program. Surveyed from Mar. 2003 to Feb. 2004 were 83 patients suffering from Fibromyalgia Syndrome. In the massage program, such methods as effleurage, petrissage and deep transverse friction were selected as traditional massage treatments frequently used for muscles with pain and spasm. Massage treatments were applied for 20 minutes in total before and after stretching in total program 30 minutes. After therapeutic massage program, the McGill pain questionnaire word list(MPQWL), verbal rating scale(VRS), visual analogue scale(VAS) were used to measure the degree of the pain on the patients. The major findings from this study are as follows; 1. The surveyed patients range from 19 to 62 in age, with highest numbers of 35(42.17%) registered in the thirties and next ones of 20(24.10%) in the forties. Divided by sex, 19 are men and 64 are women totalling 83 with average age of 36.5. 2. There was significant decrease in the numerical values of VAS & VRS and MPQWL after therapeutic massage program(p<.05). 3. There was significant decrease in the intensity of pains after therapeutic massage program(p<.05). 4. There was significant decrease in the unpleasantness of pains after therapeutic massage program(p<.05). 5. From the analysis into chronological changes in the intensity and unpleasantness of pains before and after therapeutic massage program with ANOVA, it became evident that the longer the period of treatment was, the higher the pains decreases drastically, while significant difference was shown in the intensity and unpleasantness of pains(p<.05). Summed up, it can be generally concluded that therapeutic massage program is an effective treatment to rid the patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome of pains safely and promptly.

스트레칭과 심부강찰마사지가 척추신전근 신장성에 미치는 영향

김영빈,전동혁,윤영복 圓光大學校 附設 體力科學硏究所 2002 體力科學硏究 Vol.25 No.1

The purpose of this study was to determined the effects of stretching and deep friction massage of back extensors in healthy subjects. The study was conducted on forty-two healthy volunteers(male=21, female=21) who were randomly divided into three groups. All of group was rested for 10 minute before a performance. Group 1(n=14) rested as control, Group 2(n=14) performed an active trunk stretching, Group 3(n=14) was received deep friction massage. Back extensors extensibility was measured immediately before and after application or rest by modified fingertip-to floor(MFTF) test. Back extensors extensibility significantly increased in Group 2(p<.05) and Group 3(p<.05). The Group 1 demonstrated no statistically significant changes in MFTF distance. In result of ANOVA of difference of MFTF between pre and post applied in 3 Groups, significant difference from group 2 to group 1 and from group 3 to group 1 and no significant difference from group 3 to group 2. The result indicate that the deep friction massage and stretching application increase to extensibility of back extensor extensibility.