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Benzoyl Peroxide의 반복투여 독성과 생식 및 발생독성
송상환(Sanghwan Song),김수현(Su-Hyon Kim),배희경(Heekyung Bae),김미경(Mikyung Kim),구현주(Hyun Ju Koo),박광식(Kwangsik Park),이상균(Sangkyun Lee),박중훈(Joonghoon Park),최은실(Eun-Sil Choi),이문순(Moon-Soon Lee) 한국독성학회 2003 Toxicological Research Vol.19 No.2
This study was carried out to assess the combined repeated dose, reproduction and developmental toxicities of benzoyl peroxide for OECD SIDS (Screening Information Data Set) program. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to benzoyl peroxide at dose levels of 0, 250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg/day for 29 days for males and for 41~51 days for females. No deaths were found in all animals including control group during exposure period. No hematological effects attributable to benzoyl peroxide were observed in all treated groups. Significant decrease in the weight of testes and epididymis were observed in males at 1,000 mg/kg/day. In females at 1,000 mg/kg/day, slight histopathological effects in uterus such as epithelial vacuolation or hyperplasia were observed. No treatment-related changes in precoital time and rate of copulation, fertility and gestation period were noted in all treated groups. There was no evidence of teratogenic effect of benzoyl peroxide, but body weight of pups at 1,000 mg/kg/day was significantly decreased. NOAEL for combined repeated dose and reproduction/developmental toxicity was 500 mg/kg/day.
김혜연(Hyeyeon Kim),배상환(Sanghwan Bae) 대한설비공학회 2017 설비공학 논문집 Vol.29 No.5
This study consists of an analysis of pre-existing ceiling construction systems as well as the development of a replacement unitary, lightweight steel ceiling system and related legal standards. Based on the material conditions and progression of the study, appropriate components were chosen and details were modified by mock-up test. A final study model was evaluated for performance and adaptability based on four parameters (indoor environment, constructability, budget economy, and aesthetics) and compared to the pre-existing ceiling system. As a result of the initial study, a lightweight steel design was created consisting of a reinforced structure with modular bars and entry holes for components. This system was hung directly on the suspension structure. The new design increased lighting and acoustic performance adapted to an indoor environment. Moreover, the speed of construction was increased by approximately 30%, the cost was decreased by approximately 20%, and ceiling aesthetics were improved.
초고층 건물 아트리움 공간에서의 제연구획에 따른 시뮬레이션 연구
류형규(Hyungkyou Ryu),배상환(Sanghwan Bae),이병석(Byungseok Lee) 대한설비공학회 2014 설비공학 논문집 Vol.26 No.7
The big issue in fire and life safety protection in atriums is that hot smoke can spread vertically via the atrium openings, and impact atrium floors remote from the fire. Three different strategies to provide fire and life safety protection for atrium space were evaluated in this study, using the FDS model. Strategy A is the atrium protection approach addressed in the Korean Building Fire Protection Code, where atria are required to be enclosed with fire shutters from the 2nd floor to the atrium top, and the ground floor is allowed to open to the atrium; in this case, no smoke control is required. Strategy B is the atrium protection approach, with smoke control provided in accordance with NFPA 92B; in this case, no atrium floor is enclosed. Strategy C is the atrium protection approach, in which some of the upper atrium floors are enclosed (the case of the top atrium floor being enclosed is evaluated in this study), and atrium smoke control is also provided to protect the lower atrium floors.
Benzoyl peroxide의 환경에서의 초기 위해성 평가
김미경,배희경,김수현,송상환,구현주,박광식,이문순,전성환,나진균 한국환경독성학회 2004 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.19 No.1
Benzoyl peroxide is a High Production Volume Chemical, which is produced about 1,375 tons/year in Korea as of 2001 survey. The substance is mainly used as initiators in polymerization, catalysts in hte plastics industry, bleaching agents for flour nad medication for acne vulgaris. In this study, quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships(QSAR) are used for getting adequate information on the physical-chemical properties of this chemical. And hydrolysis in water, acute toxicity to aquatic and terrestrial organisms for benzoyl peroxide were studied. The physical-chemical properties of benzoyl peroxide were estimated as followed; vapor pressure=0.00929 pa, Log K_(ow)=3.43, Henry's Law constant=3.54×10^(-6) atm-m³/mole at 25℃, the half-life of photodegradation=3days and bioconcentration factor(BCF)=92. Hydrolysis half-life of benzoyl peroxide in water was 5.2hr at pH 7 at 25℃ and according to the structure of this substance hydrolysis product was expected to benzoic acid. Benzoyl peroxide has toxic effects on the aquatic organisms. 72 hr-ErC_(50)(growth rate) for algae was 0.44mg/L, 48hr-EC_(50) for daphnia was 0.07mg/L and the 96hr-LC_(50) of acute toxicity to fish was 0.24mg/L. Acute toxicity to terrestrial organisms(earth worm) of benzoyl peroxide was low(14 day-LC_(50)=>1,000mg/kg). Although benzoyl peroxide is high toxic to aquatic organisms, the substance is not bioaccumulated because of the rapid removal by hydrolysis (half life=5.2hr at pH 7 at 25℃) and biodegradation(8.% by BOD after 21days). The toxicity observed is assumed to be due to benzoyl peroxide rather than benzoic acid, which shows much lower toxicity to aquatic organisms. One can assume that effects occur before hydrolysis takes place. From the acute toxicity value of algae, daphnia and fish, an assessment factor of 100 was used to determine the predicted no effect concentration(PNEC). The PNEC was calculated to be 0.7㎍/L based on the 48hr-EC_(50) daphnia(0.07mg/L). The substance shows high acute toxicity to aquatic organisms and some information indicates wide-dispersive use of this substance. So this substance is a candidate for further work, even if it hydrolysis rapidly and has a low bioaccumulation potential. This could lead to local concern for the aquatic environment and therefore environmental exposure assessment is recommended.
열회수형 환기장치의 미세먼지 집진효율 평가 및 개선방안
유정연(Jungyeon Yu),배상환(Sanghwan Bae) 한국생태환경건축학회 2024 한국생태환경건축학회 논문집 Vol.24 No.1
Purpose: In this study, the actual pollutions(fine dust) collection efficiency of ventilation systems applied to buildings was evaluated. The cause of internal leakage was identified using PIV, and through this, a direction for improving the performance of ventilation systems and an effective test method for removing pollutants were proposed. Method: A pollutant collection efficiency evaluation system composed of indoor and outdoor chambers of ventilation equipment was established, and performance evaluation was performed on two types of small ventilation equipment that are generally applied to daycare centers and apartment houses. The actual fine dust collection efficiency was evaluated for two types of ventilation systems equipped with HEPA air filters, which are generally applied to daycare centers and apartment houses. Result: As a result of the evaluation of the fine dust collection efficiency of the ventilation system, in the case of product A, which has a relatively large amount of leakage around the air filter inside the ventilation system, the fine dust collection efficiency for PM2.5 was 58 %, and it was evaluated that it largely fell short of the physical performance standard of the HEPA filter. On the other hand, in the case of product B, which improved the amount of leakage by improving the internal case details of the ventilation system, the fine dust collection efficiency for PM2.5 was 91%. It was confirmed that the fine dust collection efficiency of model B was significantly improved compared to model A.