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Sound wave stimulates plant gene response and improve salt stress tolerance of rice seedlings
M. J. Jeong,D. W. Bae,H. H. Bae,S. C. Shin,S. I. Lee,J. A Kim,S. H. Park,D. H. Kim,S. C. Park 한국육종학회 2013 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2013 No.07
We investigated whether sound could alter gene expression in plants. Using a sound-treated subtractive library, a set of sound-responsive genes in plants was demonstrated through mRNA expression analyses. Of them, the rbcS and ald genes, which are light responsive, up-regulated their expression with sound treatment in both light and in dark conditions. This suggested that sound could be used as a gene regulator instead of light. When we analyzed ald gene expression using various single wavelengths, a significant increase in mRNA levels was found at 125 or 250 Hz but decreased at 50 Hz, indicating that the gene responded to sound in a wavelength-specific manner. To determine whether the ald promoter respond to sound, we generated transgenic rice plants harboring the chimeric gene consisting of a 1,506-bp promoter fragment of the ald gene fused to Escherichia coli GUS reporter gene. Analyses of mRNA expressison level of three independent transgenic lines sound-treated with 50 or 250 Hz for 4 h showed that the Gus gene expression in all three transgenic lines was up regulated by 250 Hz, but down regulated by 50 Hz. These results correlated with sound responsive mRNA expression pattern observed for the ald gene in rice plants, indicating that the 1,506-bp ald promoter confers sound-responsiveness on a reporter gene in transgenic rice plants. We also investigated whether sound waves could improve salt tolerance in rice seedling. The rice seedlings were sound treated with 800 Hz for 1hr, and then treated with 0, 75, 150, and 225mM NaCl for 3 days to observe changes in physiological and morphological aspects. Sound treatment seedlings resulted in enhanced salt stress tolerance, mainly demonstrated by the sound treated seedlings exhibiting of increased root relative water contents (RWC), root length and weight, photochemical efficiency (ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence, Fv/Fm), and germination rate under salt stress condition. This demonstrates that a specific sound wave might be used, not only to alter gene expression in plant, but also to improve salt stress tolerance.
MicroRNA-221 governs tumor suppressor HDAC6 to potentiate malignant progression of liver cancer
Bae, H.J.,Jung, K.H.,Eun, J.W.,Shen, Q.,Kim, H.S.,Park, S.J.,Shin, W.C.,Yang, H.D.,Park, W.S.,Lee, J.Y.,Nam, S.W. Elsevier Science Publishers 2015 Journal of hepatology Vol.63 No.2
Background & Aims: Most common reason behind changes in histone deacetylase (HDAC) function is its overexpression in cancer. However, among HDACs in liver cancer, HDAC6 is uniquely endowed with a tumor suppressor, but the mechanism underlying HDAC6 inactivation has yet to be uncovered. Methods: Microarray profiling and target prediction programs were used to identify miRNAs targeting HDAC6. A series of inhibitors, activators and siRNAs was introduced to validate regulatory mechanisms for microRNA-221-3p (miR-221) governing HDAC6 in hepatocarcinogenesis. Results: Comprehensive miRNA profiling analysis identified seven putative endogenous miRNAs that are significantly upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While miR-221 was identified as a suppressor of HDAC6 by ectopic expression of miRNA mimics in Dicer knockdown cells, targeted-disruption of miR-221 repressed cancer cell growth through derepressing HDAC6 expression. Suppression of HDAC6 via miR-221 was induced by JNK/c-Jun signaling in liver cancer cells but not in normal hepatic cells. Additionally, cytokine-induced NF-κBp65 independently regulated miR-221, thereby suppressing HDAC6 expression in HCC cells. HCC tissues derived from chemical-induced rat and H-ras12V transgenic mice liver cancer models validated that JNK/c-Jun activation and NF-κBp65 nuclear translocation are essential for the transcription of miR-221 leading to repression of HDAC6 in HCC. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the functional loss or suppression of the tumor suppressor HDAC6 is caused by induction of miR-221 through coordinated JNK/c-Jun- and NF-κB-signaling pathways during liver tumorigenesis, providing a novel target for the molecular treatment of liver malignancies.
An outbreak of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in Korea, 2008
Kim, H.R.,Park, C.K.,Lee, Y.J.,Woo, G.H.,Lee, K.K.,Oem, J.K.,Kim, S.H.,Jean, Y.H.,Bae, Y.C.,Yoon, S.S.,Roh, I.S.,Jeong, O.M.,Kim, H.Y.,Choi, J.S.,Byun, J.W.,Song, Y.K.,Kwon, J.H.,Joo, Y.S. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2010 Veterinary microbiology Vol.141 No.3
In spite of intensive surveillance programs for the control of HPAI, an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 in Korea in April 2008 caused serious damage to poultry farms, as did previous outbreaks in 2003/2004 and 2006/2007. Six viruses were selected from the Korean 2008 isolates for genetic analysis, and all eight gene segments from each of the influenza viruses were sequenced. A phylogenetic analysis showed that all of the viruses were of the same virus type and that the hemagglutinin (HA) gene was clustered with that of clade 2.3.2 viruses. However, the internal and neuraminidase (NA) genes were closely related to those of the clade 2.3.4 viruses (recent human and bird isolates from Southeast Asia).
Park, S.,Lee, I.,Kim, J.I.,Bae, J.Y.,Yoo, K.,Kim, J.,Nam, M.,Park, M.,Yun, S.H.,Cho, W.I.,Kim, Y.S.,Ko, Y.Y.,Park, M.S. Academic Press 2016 Biochemical and biophysical research communication Vol.479 No.2
Avian influenza H7N9 virus has posed a concern of potential human-to-human transmission by resulting in seasonal virus-like human infection cases. To address the issue of sustained human infection with the H7N9 virus, here we investigated the effects of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) N-linked glycosylation (NLG) patterns on influenza virus transmission in a guinea pig model. Based on the NLG signatures identified in the HA and NA genetic sequences of H7N9 viruses, we generated NLG mutant viruses using either HA or NA gene of a H7N9 virus, A/Anhui/0½013, by reverse genetics on the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus backbone. For the H7 HA NLG mutant viruses, NLG pattern changes appeared to reduce viral transmissibility in guinea pigs. Intriguingly, however, the NLG changes in the N9 NA protein, such as a removal from residue 42 or 66 or an addition at residue 266, increased transmissibility of the mutant viruses by more than 33%, 50%, and 16%, respectively, compared with a parental N9 virus. Given the effects of HA-NA NLG changes with regard to viral transmission, we then generated the HA-NA NLG mutant viruses harboring the H7 HA of double NLG addition and the N9 NA of various NLG patterns. As seen in the HA NLG mutants above, the double NLG-added H7 HA decreased viral transmissibility. However, when the NA NLG changes occurred by a removal of residue 66 and an addition at 266 were additionally accompanied, the HA-NA NLG mutant virus recovered the transmissibility of its parental virus. These demonstrate the effects of specific HA-NA NLG changes on the H7N9 virus transmission by highlighting the importance of a HA-NA functional balance.
Lee, S.J.,Yoon, J.W.,Seo, Y.K.,Kim, M.B.,Lee, S.K.,Lee, U.H.,Hwang, Y.K.,Bae, Y.S.,Chang, J.S. Elsevier 2014 Microporous and mesoporous materials Vol.193 No.-
The effect of purification condition of a chromium terephthalate MIL-101 on gas storage (H<SUB>2</SUB>, CO<SUB>2</SUB>, and C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>2</SUB>) and C2 hydrocarbon separations was investigated for MIL-101a, MIL-101b, and MIL-101c, which were obtained by three-step sequential purification using hot water/ethanol and aqueous NH<SUB>4</SUB>F solution treatments. MIL-101c was the best in terms of gas storage capacities among the three samples possibly due to the removal of free and coordinated terephthalic acids. Remarkably, MIL-101c exhibits among the highest total hydrogen uptake at 50bar and 77K (9.9 wt%) and shows considerably large deliverable capacity between 1.5 and 50bar (7.6 wt%). Moreover, MIL-101c shows among the highest C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>2</SUB> storage capacity (6.4mmolg<SUP>-1</SUP>) and deliverable capacity (4.3mmolg<SUP>-1</SUP>) at 1bar and 313K. For C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>2</SUB>/C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>6</SUB>, C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>2</SUB>/C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB>, and C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB>/C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>6</SUB> separations, MIL-101c exhibits higher adsorption capacities, working capacities and adsorption figure of merit (AFM) values while MIL-101b shows higher selectivities and sorbent selection parameters. These results clearly show that a proper purification of MIL-101 is important for gas storage and gas separations.
Lee, Y.J.,Jung, M.H.,Lee, J.B.,Jeong, K.E.,Roh, H.S.,Suh, Y.W.,Bae, J.W. Elsevier Science Publishers 2014 CATALYSIS TODAY - Vol.228 No.-
Single step synthesis of dimethyl ether (DME) from syngas on the bifunctional catalysts of CuO-ZnO-Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> deposited on Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>-modified H-ferrierite was investigated to elucidate effects of Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> modification of H-ferrierite in terms of CO conversion and DME yield. The enhanced catalytic activity was observed on the bifunctional catalysts at an optimum content of Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> on H-ferrierite around 2.5-5wt%. It is attributed to a higher dispersion of Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> on H-ferrierite with an enhanced interaction of copper particles with Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> modified H-ferrierite with a lower aggregation property by adjusting acidic sites and by increasing the dispersion of copper particles. The main role of Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> on H-ferrierite is found to reduce strong acidic sites by depositing on the sites selectively, which resulted in showing a lower formation of byproducts. Both of copper surface area and amount of acidic sites are well correlated with an intrinsic activity (turn-over frequency; TOF), which revealed a structure-insensitive reaction character of a single-step synthesis of DME. The measurements of the dispersion of Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> and copper particles with the number of acidic sites concomitantly were employed to verify the effects of Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> modification of H-ferrierite though X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, temperature-programmed methods and surface morphology characterizations.
Key Features in the Operation of KSTAR
Jong-Gu Kwak,Oh, Y. K.,Kim, K. P.,Kim, S. W.,Hong, S. H.,Chu, Y.,Lee, H. J.,Kim, Y. O.,Kim, J.,Park, S. L.,Hahn, S. H.,Park, M. K.,Kim, H. K.,Bak, J. G.,Bae, Y. S.,Ko, W. H.,Lee, S. G.,Lee, J. H.,Jung IEEE 2012 IEEE transactions on plasma science Vol.40 No.3
<P>The Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) device is aimed at advanced tokamak (AT) research. Three years have passed since it achieved its first plasma in 2008. Because it is a superconducting machine and is working toward AT research, it has unique features in terms of the machine engineering and operation. The toroidal field (TF) magnet coils are made of Nb<SUB>3</SUB>Sn, which provide high TFs up to 3.5 T, and have been fully tested. The poloidal field (PF) magnet coils, consisting of both Nb<SUB>3</SUB>Sn and NbTi, which have a maximum current of 25 kA in their design, were tested up to 15 kA. A thermal hydraulic analysis is being conducted for PF magnet coil operation. All plasma-facing components (PFCs) are equipped with water cooled graphite tiles and have the capability of being baked up to 350°C. A startup scenario, which considered both the effect of the ferromagnetic material in the cable in conduit conductor jacket of the magnet coils as well as a nonferromagnetic up-down asymmetry in the cryostat structure, was developed and demonstrated its effectiveness by the last two year's reliable operations. Passive stabilizers and in-vessel control coils (IVCCs) are key components to realize AT operation in KSTAR. The segmented IVCC coils were connected to form circular coils for internal vertical control in 2010, and diverted plasmas with high elongation (κ~1.8, δ>;0.6) were achieved. A neutral beam injection (NBI) system was developed aiming at 2 MW, 300 s per ion source which meets the long-pulse requirement of KSTAR. An NBI ion source with a power of 1.7 MW at 100 kV has been commissioned for 10 s. Finally, ELMy H-modes were successfully produced with 1.3-MW NBI power at a plasma current of 0.6 MA in the 2010 campaign. The first H-mode discharge (#4200) in KSTAR was achieved one year earlier than officially planned and was done at B<SUB>T</SUB> = 2 T with I<SUB>p</SUB> = 0.6 MA in a well-balanced double null configuration after boronization on the PFC. Successful operations in the early days of KSTAR including H-mode experiments revealed the capability of advanced and steady-state operation which is essential for the international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER) and future fusion reactors.</P>