對話形式과 秘義 : 플라톤의 파이드로스 對話編 解釋과 關聯하여

Thomas Alexander Szleza´kㆍ임성철 새한철학회 2001 哲學論叢 Vol.23 No.1

이 論文은 파이드로스편의 마지막 부분에 나타난 哲學의 文字化와 口頭化에 관한 플라톤의 입장을 論究하고 있다. 이 논문의 방법론적인 입장은 무엇보다도 古典 言語學의 기본 원칙인 '플라톤을 플라톤에 의해서' 이해하고자 하는 데 있다. 文字 批判의 중심 개념으로써 boethein to(i) logo(i)는 플라톤의 대화편을 기반으로 해석되어야만 한다. 이 개념과 관련하여 빈번하게 인용된 G. Vlastos(Gnomon 35, 1963, 653f.)의 글은 현대적인 개념에 기초하고 있으며, 결국 플라톤의 대화편이 드러내고 있는 문자 비판의 핵심적인 주장을 우리들에게 이해하도록 만들지 못한다. 다행스럽게도, 우리는 boethein to(i) logo(i)에 관한 플라톤 대화편 안의 例證들을 발견한다(법률편 890d-891e, 국가론 362d, 368bc). 이러한 예들은 플라톤에게 있어서 "로고스를 돕는다"하는 것이 동일한 知的 水準에 관한 동일한 내용들의 반복을 결코 의미하지 않는다는 사실을 지적한다. Boethein to logo라는 개념은 더 원리적인 개념들과 더 상승된 원리들을 통해 arche(원리)에 기반을 두는 최종적인 논증을 향해 논증의 수준을 의도적으로 高揚시키는 데 그 본질을 두고 있는 플라톤 대화편의 구조적인 원리를 표현하는 변증술적 기술이다. 우리는, 진정한 哲學者가 자신의 문자화된 로고스를 자신의 말을 통해 도움을 주게 될 때, 자신의 문자화된 글을 자신의 더 가치 있는 口頭的인 도움과 비교하여(파이드로스 278cd) 별다른 가치가 없는 것으로 증명하는 까닭을 이해할 수 있다. 철학자가 언제나 자신의 글을 도울 수 있는 것처럼, 그는 자신의 문자화된 로고스로부터 口頭的인 도움에 의해서만 사용될 수 있는 것을 항상 간직하고자 한다. 결국, 플라톤적 철학자는 자신이 발견했던 모든 것들을 문자로 남기려 하지 않는다. This article offers a new interpretation of Plato's criticism of writing on the last pages of the "Phaedrus". The method used is the classical philological method: the task is to explain "Plato out of Plato" (following the principle of Alexandrian philology "Homeron ex Homerou"). In the first place, the central concept of the criticism of writing, i.e. "boethein to(i) logo(i)" (to help one's logos), needs an interpretation based on the dialogues. For it can be shown that the much-quoted interpretation of G.Vlastos (Gnomon 35,1963, 653f.) is based on modern conceptions only and that it therefore fails to make the central tenets of the criticism of writing understandable. Fortunately, there is no lack in Plato of instances of "boethein to(i) logo(i)". Some of them are briefly analysed: Laws 890 d - 891 e, Republic 362 d, 368 bc. These sample cases show that "helping the logos" in Plato never means something like "repeating the same things on the same intellectual level, until they become somewhat clearer". Boethein to(i) logo(i) always means the dialogical technique of going beyond what was said in the first argument. To help one's logos is to argue for the same thesis by means of more fundamental concepts and more advanced theories. Now we can understand why Plato wrote that the true philosopher, when helping his written logos by his own word (legon autos), will demonstrate the inferior value of his writing as compared to his more valuable oral help (cf. "tagegrammena phaula apodeixai" vs. "echein timiotera", Phdr. 278 cd). As the philosopher will always be able to help his writing, he will always keep something out of his written logos, which he will use only when oral help is needed. The Platonic philosopher thus will not write down all the truths he has found.

Marine radiocarbon evidence for the mechanism of deglacial atmospheric CO₂ rise

Thomas M. Marchitto,Scott J. Lehman,Joseph D. Ortiz,Jacqueline Fl?ckiger,Alexander van Geen 대한지질학회 2007 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2007 No.0

항생제 내성: 얼마나 심각한 문제이고, 어떻게 해결할 수 있는가?

Alexander J. McAdam,David C. Hooper,Alfred DeMaria,Brandi M. Limbago,Thomas F. O’Brien,Betsy McCaughey 대한진단검사의학회 2013 Laboratory Medicine Online Vol.3 No.2

Possible local anesthetic resistance in Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy during regional anesthesia

Alexander J Kim,Thomas M Halaszynski,Lori-Ann Oliver 대한마취통증의학회 2017 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.70 No.4

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The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is an independent prognostic parameter of survival in patients with invasive vulvar cancer

Thomas Bartl,Christine Bekos,Magdalena Postl,Reinthaller Alexander,Stephan Polterauer,Aust Stefanie,Schwameis Richard 대한부인종양학회 2021 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.32 No.1

Objective: To assess the prognostic value of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII)in patients with vulvar cancer. Methods: Data of 130 consecutive patients who underwent primary surgical resection forvulvar cancer at the Medical University of Vienna between 1999 and 2018 was retrospectivelyanalyzed. The SII was defined as platelets × neutrophils/lymphocytes as previously described. Its prognostic value on disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) was evaluatedby univariate log-rank tests and multivariable cox regression models. Prediction accuracy wasassessed by receiver operating characteristics curves and Youden's J statistics. A Hosmer Lemeshow test was performed to confirm the model's goodness of fit. Results: A pre-therapeutic high serum SII (>866.4) was associated with advancedInternational Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO)-stage. In univariate survivalanalysis, a high SII was associated with both DSS (p<0.001) and OS (p=0.001). A multivariatecox regression model confirmed the prognostic value of SII regarding DSS (p<0.001) and OS(p=0.014) independently from patients' age and FIGO stage. Conclusions: Pretherapeutic SII may serve as a promising predictor for survival in patientswith vulvar cancer. After clinical validation, the SII may be used to improve both pre treatment patient risk stratification and patient counseling.

정신분석적 치료 : Principles and Application

Alexander, Franz,French, Thomas M. 圓光大學校 醫科大學 神經精神科學敎室 1991 圓光精神醫學 Vol.7 No.2

이 책은 이동식선생님의 소개로 한국정신치료학회의 정신치료초독회에서 1990년 10월부터 1991년 7월에 걸쳐 회원들이 함께 읽었던 책이다. 1946년에 발행된 책을 약 45년 후에 읽는다고 생각하여 크게 중요하게 생각하지 않았으나, 읽어 볼수록 현재 다양한 정신치료의 이론과 실제의 모태가 됨을 느끼게 되었다. 그래서 정신치료를 공부하고자 하는 정신과의사나 상담 심리학자는 꼭 읽어보아야 할 책이라고 생각되어 소개하려 한다.

[토론요지] 한-독 국제학술회의 「독일통일과 한국통일 - 통합과 복지」토론요지

Thomas Kunz,Daniel Mundil,Carsten Alexander Kalla,최은석(Choi, Eun-Suk),이규창(Lee, Kyu-Chang),정영서(Jeong, Yeong-Seo) 헌법이론실무학회 2015 통일법연구 Vol.1 No.1

Quantum Mechanical Simulation for the Analysis, Optimization and Accelerated Development of Precursors and Processes for Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD)

Mustard, Thomas Jeffrey Lomax,Kwak, Hyunwook Shaun,Goldberg, Alexander,Gavartin, Jacob,Morisato, Tsuguo,Yoshidome, Daisuke,Halls, Mathew David The Korean Ceramic Society 2016 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.53 No.3

Continued miniaturization and increasingly exact requirements for thin film deposition in the semiconductor industry is driving the search for new effective, efficient, selective precursors and processes. The requirements of defect-free, conformal films, and precise thickness control have focused attention on atomic layer deposition (ALD). ALD precursors so far have been developed through a trial-and-error experimental approach, leveraging the expertise and tribal knowledge of individual research groups. Precursors can show significant variation in performance, depending on specific choice of co-reactant, deposition stage, and processing conditions. The chemical design space for reactive thin film precursors is enormous and there is urgent need for the development of computational approaches to help identify new ligand-metal architectures and functional co-reactants that deliver the required surface activity for next-generation thin-film deposition processes. In this paper we discuss quantum mechanical simulation (e.g. density functional theory, DFT) applied to ALD precursor reactivity and state-of-the-art automated screening approaches to assist experimental efforts leading toward optimized precursors for next-generation ALD processes.

Impact of Photon-Counting Detector Computed Tomography on Image Quality and Radiation Dose in Patients With Multiple Myeloma

Rau Alexander,Neubauer Jakob,Taleb Laetitia,Stein Thomas,Schuermann Till,Rau Stephan,Faby Sebastian,Wenger Sina,Engelhardt Monika,Bamberg Fabian,Weiss Jakob 대한영상의학회 2023 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.24 No.10

Objective: Computed tomography (CT) is an established method for the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of multiple myeloma. Here, we investigated the potential of photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) in terms of image quality, diagnostic confidence, and radiation dose compared with energy-integrating detector CT (EID-CT). Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, patients with known multiple myeloma underwent clinically indicated whole-body PCD-CT. The image quality of PCD-CT was assessed qualitatively by three independent radiologists for overall image quality, edge sharpness, image noise, lesion conspicuity, and diagnostic confidence using a 5-point Likert scale (5 = excellent), and quantitatively for signal homogeneity using the coefficient of variation (CV) of Hounsfield Units (HU) values and modulation transfer function (MTF) via the full width at half maximum (FWHM) in the frequency space. The results were compared with those of the current clinical standard EID-CT protocols as controls. Additionally, the radiation dose (CTDIvol) was determined. Results: We enrolled 35 patients with multiple myeloma (mean age 69.8 ± 9.1 years; 18 [51%] males). Qualitative image analysis revealed superior scores (median [interquartile range]) for PCD-CT regarding overall image quality (4.0 [4.0–5.0] vs. 4.0 [3.0–4.0]), edge sharpness (4.0 [4.0–5.0] vs. 4.0 [3.0–4.0]), image noise (4.0 [4.0–4.0] vs. 3.0 [3.0–4.0]), lesion conspicuity (4.0 [4.0–5.0] vs. 4.0 [3.0–4.0]), and diagnostic confidence (4.0 [4.0–5.0] vs. 4.0 [3.0–4.0]) compared with EID-CT (P ≤ 0.004). In quantitative image analyses, PCD-CT compared with EID-CT revealed a substantially lower FWHM (2.89 vs. 25.68 cy/pixel) and a significantly more homogeneous signal (mean CV ± standard deviation [SD], 0.99 ± 0.65 vs. 1.66 ± 0.5; P < 0.001) at a significantly lower radiation dose (mean CTDIvol ± SD, 3.33 ± 0.82 vs. 7.19 ± 3.57 mGy; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Whole-body PCD-CT provides significantly higher subjective and objective image quality at significantly reduced radiation doses than the current clinical standard EID-CT protocols, along with readily available multi-spectral data, facilitating the potential for further advanced post-processing.

Cosmic CARNage I: on the calibration of galaxy formation models

Knebe, Alexander,Pearce, Frazer R,Gonzalez-Perez, Violeta,Thomas, Peter A,Benson, Andrew,Asquith, Rachel,Blaizot, Jeremy,Bower, Richard,Carretero, Jorge,Castander, Francisco J,Cattaneo, Andrea,Cora, S Oxford University Press 2018 MONTHLY NOTICES- ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Vol.475 No.3

<P>We present a comparison of nine galaxy formation models, eight semi-analytical, and one halo occupation distribution model, run on the same underlying cold dark matter simulation (cosmological box of comoving width 125h(-1) Mpc, with a dark-matter particle mass of 1.24 x 10(9) h(-1)M(circle dot)) and the same merger trees. While their free parameters have been calibrated to the same observational data sets using two approaches, they nevertheless retain some 'memory' of any previous calibration that served as the starting point (especially for the manually tuned models). For the first calibration, models reproduce the observed z = 0 galaxy stellar mass function (SMF) within 3 sigma The second calibration extended the observational data to include the z = 2 SMF alongside the z similar to 0 star formation rate function, cold gas mass, and the black hole bulge mass relation. Encapsulating the observed evolution of the SMF from z = 2 to 0 is found to be very hard within the context of the physics currently included in the models. We finally use our calibrated models to study the evolution of the stellar-to-halo mass (SHM) ratio. For all models, we find that the peak value of the SHM relation decreases with redshift. However, the trends seen for the evolution of the peak position as well as the mean scatter in the SHM relation are rather weak and strongly model dependent. Both the calibration data sets and model results are publicly available.</P>