The degree complexity of smooth surfaces of codimension 2

Ahn, J.,Kwak, S.,Song, Y. Academic Press 2012 Journal of symbolic computation Vol.47 No.5

For a given term order, the degree complexity of a projective scheme is defined by the maximal degree of the reduced Grobner basis of its defining saturated ideal in generic coordinates (Bayer and Mumford, 1993). It is well known that the degree complexity with respect to the graded reverse lexicographic order is equal to the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity (Bayer and Stillman, 1987). However, much less is known if one uses the graded lexicographic order (Ahn, 2008; Conca and Sidman, 2005). In this paper, we study the degree complexity of a smooth irreducible surface in P<SUP>4</SUP> with respect to the graded lexicographic order and its geometric meaning. As in the case of a smooth curve (Ahn, 2008), we expect that this complexity is closely related to the invariants of the double curve of a surface under a generic projection. As results, we prove that except in a few cases, the degree complexity of a smooth surface S of degree d with h<SUP>0</SUP>(I<SUB>S</SUB>(2))<>0 in P<SUP>4</SUP> is given by 2+(degY<SUB>1</SUB>(S)-12)-g(Y<SUB>1</SUB>(S)), where Y<SUB>1</SUB>(S) is a double curve of degree (d-12)-g(S@?H) under a generic projection of S. In particular, this complexity is actually obtained at the monomial x<SUB>0</SUB>x<SUB>1</SUB>x<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>(degY<SUB>1</SUB>(S)-12)-g(Y<SUB>1</SUB>(S))</SUP> where k[x<SUB>0</SUB>,x<SUB>1</SUB>,x<SUB>2</SUB>,x<SUB>3</SUB>,x<SUB>4</SUB>] is a polynomial ring defining P<SUP>4</SUP>. Exceptional cases are a rational normal scroll, a complete intersection surface of (2,2)-type, or a Castelnuovo surface of degree 5 in P<SUP>4</SUP> whose degree complexities are in fact equal to their degrees. This complexity can also be expressed in terms of degrees of defining equations of I<SUB>S</SUB> in the same manner as the result of A. Conca and J. Sidman (Conca and Sidman, 2005). We also provide some illuminating examples of our results via calculations done withMacaulay 2 (Grayson and Stillman, 1997).

J/ψ Elliptic Flow in Pb-Pb Collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV

Acharya, S.,Adamová,, D.,Adolfsson, J.,Aggarwal, M. M.,Aglieri Rinella, G.,Agnello, M.,Agrawal, N.,Ahammed, Z.,Ahn, S. U.,Aiola, S.,Akindinov, A.,Al-Turany, M.,Alam, S. N.,Albuquerque, D. S. D. American Physical Society 2017 Physical Review Letters Vol.119 No.24

<P>We report a precise measurement of the J/psi elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN) = 5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The J/psi mesons are reconstructed at midrapidity (|y| < 0.9) in the dielectron decay channel and at forward rapidity (2.5 < y < 4.0) in the dimuon channel, both down to zero transverse momentum. At forward rapidity, the elliptic flow v(2) of the J/psi is studied as a function of the transverse momentum and centrality. A positive v(2) is observed in the transverse momentum range 2<p(T)<8GeV/c in the three centrality classes studied and confirms with higher statistics our earlier results at root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV in semicentral collisions. At midrapidity, the J/psi v(2) is investigated as a function of the transverse momentum in semicentral collisions and found to be in agreement with the measurements at forward rapidity. These results are compared to transport model calculations. The comparison supports the idea that at low p(T) the elliptic flow of the J/psi originates from the thermalization of charm quarks in the deconfined medium but suggests that additional mechanisms might be missing in the models.</P>

The microRNA miR-124 inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by targeting S100 calcium-binding protein A4 (S100A4)

Choe, N.,Kwon, D. H.,Shin, S.,Kim, Y. S.,Kim, Y. K.,Kim, J.,Ahn, Y.,Eom, G. H.,Kook, H. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. 2017 FEBS letters Vol.591 No.7

<P>S100 calcium-binding protein A4 (S100A4) induces proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We aimed to find the microRNA regulating S100A4 expression. S100A4 transcripts are abruptly increased in the acute phase of carotid arterial injury 1 day later (at day 1) but gradually decreases at days 7 and 14. Bioinformatics analysis reveals that miR-124 targets S100A4. VSMC survival is attenuated by miR-124 mimic but increased by miR-124 inhibitor. miR-124 decreases immediately after carotid arterial injury but dramatically increases at days 7 and 14. miR-124 inhibitor-induced cell proliferation is blocked by S100A4 siRNA, whereas miR-124-induced cell death is recovered by S100A4. Our findings suggest that miR-124 is a novel regulator of VSMC proliferation and may play a role in the development of neointimal proliferation.</P>

J/ψ production as a function of charged particle multiplicity in pp collisions at s =7 TeV

ALICE Collaboration,Abelev, B.,Adam, J.,Adamova, D.,Adare, A.M.,Aggarwal, M.M.,Aglieri Rinella, G.,Agocs, A.G.,Agostinelli, A.,Aguilar Salazar, S.,Ahammed, Z.,Ahmad Masoodi, A.,Ahmad, N.,Ahn, S.U.,Aki North-Holland Pub. Co 2012 Physics letters: B Vol.712 No.3

The ALICE Collaboration reports the measurement of the relative J/ψ yield as a function of charged particle pseudorapidity density dN<SUB>ch</SUB>/dη in pp collisions at s=7 TeV at the LHC. J/ψ particles are detected for p<SUB>t</SUB>>0, in the rapidity interval |y|<0.9 via decay into e<SUP>+</SUP>e<SUP>-</SUP>, and in the interval 2.5<y<4.0 via decay into μ<SUP>+</SUP>μ<SUP>-</SUP> pairs. An approximately linear increase of the J/ψ yields normalized to their event average (dN<SUB>J/ψ</SUB>/dy)/<dN<SUB>J/ψ</SUB>/dy> with (dN<SUB>ch</SUB>/dη)/<dN<SUB>ch</SUB>/dη> is observed in both rapidity ranges, where dN<SUB>ch</SUB>/dη is measured within |η|<1 and p<SUB>t</SUB>>0. In the highest multiplicity interval with <dN<SUB>ch</SUB>/dη(bin)≥24.1, corresponding to four times the minimum bias multiplicity density, an enhancement relative to the minimum bias J/ψ yield by a factor of about 5 at 2.5<y<4 (8 at |y|<0.9) is observed.

The antimicrobial effects of deglycyrrhizinated licorice root extract on Streptococcus mutans UA159 in both planktonic and biofilm cultures

Ahn, S.J.,Cho, E.J.,Kim, H.J.,Park, S.N.,Lim, Y.K.,Kook, J.K. Academic Press 2012 Anaerobe Vol.18 No.6

The objective of the study was to investigate the antimicrobial effects of deglycyrrhizinated licorice root extracts (DG-LRE) against Streptococcus mutans UA159 in both the planktonic and biofilm phases by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration, and by performing time-kill kinetic, growth, adhesion, and biofilm assays. The cell toxicity of DG-LRE on normal human gingival fibroblast (NHGF) cells was tested using a methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. This study showed that DG-LRE had strong antimicrobial activity against S. mutans in the planktonic phase with little cytotoxic effect on NHGF cells. In addition, DG-LRE significantly inhibited biofilm formation by S. mutans UA159 at concentrations over 4 μg/ml for glucose or 16 μg/ml for sucrose, respectively, regardless of the presence of saliva-coating. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to provide evidence that DG-LRE demonstrates antimicrobial activity against S. mutans. These results suggest that DG-LRE can be used in developing oral hygiene products, such as gargling solution and dentifrice to prevent human dental caries.

A phase II study of S-1 monotherapy administered for 2 weeks of a 3-week cycle in advanced gastric cancer patients with poor performance status

Jeung, H-C,Rha, S Y,Shin, S J,Ahn, J B,Noh, S H,Roh, J K,Chung, H C Nature Publishing Group 2007 The British journal of cancer Vol.97 No.4

<P>Systemic chemotherapy for gastric cancer is often associated with treatment-related toxicity, which is particularly severe in patients with a poor performance status. In this paper, we describe the first study to evaluate S-1 monotherapy as an option for advanced gastric cancer patients who are not candidates for combination chemotherapy due to poor clinical condition. Fifty-two patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance scale 2–3, whose general condition had made use of combination chemotherapy impossible, were enrolled. S-1 was administered to 30 patients as second- or third-line therapy. The initial dose of S-1 was 35 mg m<SUP>−2</SUP>, administered b.i.d for 14 days every 3 weeks. With a median follow-up period of 33 weeks, the median progression-free survival, and overall survival were 11 weeks (95% CI, 8–14) and 33 weeks (95% CI, 19–47), respectively. The overall 1-year survival rate was 29% by intent-to-treat analysis. The overall response rate was 12% (95% CI, 3–21), and the percentage of stable disease was 35%, resulting in the disease control rate of 47% (95% CI, 32–60). Significant drug-related toxicity included grade 3 diarrhoea (14%), anorexia (14%), fatigue (10%), neutropenia (10%), and leucopenia (6%). In conclusion, this study indicated the modest activity of S-1 in gastric cancer patients with poor performance status.</P>

Bifidobacterium bifidum ATCC 11863 에 의한 우유의 발효에 관한 연구 - 발효에 의한 유성분의 변화 -

고준수(J . S . Goh),권일경(I . K . Kwon),안종건(J . K . Ahn),윤영호(Y . H . Yoon) 한국축산학회 1988 한국축산학회지 Vol.30 No.10

This research was performed to get the informations needed to manufacture fermented milk products using bifidobacteria as starter culture. The conversion of constituents in the whole milk fermented by Bifidobacterium bifidum ATCC 11863 was investigated, and the results were compared with those by several lactic acid bacteria generally used for the fermented milk products. 1. The use of lactose varied according to the kinds of bacteria, such as B. bifidum, L. acidophilus, L. casei and S. thermophilus. When the whole milk was fermented by B. bifidum, the glucose reached 480 mg per 100 ml; while galactose reached 661 mg per 100 ml when S. thermophilus was grown in whole milk. 2. B. bifidum and L. acidophilus raised the, soluble nitrogenous compounds in whole milk after 24 hours at 37℃, however, there was little change soluble nitrogenous compounds content of whole milk by L. casei and S. thermophilus. 3. The content of free amino acids was increased by B. bifidum and L. acidophilus after 24 hours at 37℃; whereas decreased when L. casei and S. thermophilus were grown. 4. The polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis evidenced no significant change of casein but distinct changes of whey protein were observed by B. bifidum, L. acidophilus, L. casei and S. thermophilus at 37℃ after 24 hours. The change of whey protein was more noticeable when whole milk was fermented by L. acidophilus and L. casei than by B. bifidum and S. thermophilus. 5. The pyruvic acid content was decreased in whole milk after 24 hours at 37℃ by B. bifidum, L. acidophilus, L. casei and S. thermophilus. Lactic and succinic acid were produced during the fermentation of whole milk by B. bifidum, L. acidophilus and L. casei but B. bifidum produced less lactic acid than other bacteria. 6. Acetic acid was increased in the whole milk by B. bifidum, L. acidophilus and L. casei after 24 hours at 37℃. It was increased more rapidly by B. bifidum than by other bacteria; however, it was decreased during the fermentation by S. thermophilus. When B. bifidum was grown in whole milk, volatile organic acids such as propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, valeric and caproic acids were decreased.

Ultrafiltration 에 의한 유성분의 농축과 발효유 제조에 관한 연구

고준수(J . S . Goh),김거유(G . Y . Kim),안종건(J . K . Ahn) 한국축산학회 1989 한국축산학회지 Vol.31 No.6

This study was performed to obtain the informations needed to manufacture fermented milk products using ultrafiltration (UF) retentate. The behavior of S. Thermophilus and L. bulgaricus (the most popular starter cultures for yoghurt) during the fermentation in raw milk, UF-retentate and evaporated milk was investigated and the following results were obtained. 1. The average contents of UF-retentate components were ash 0.79%, protein 5.5%, fat 0.2%, lactose 4.82%, and total solid 11.31%, respectively. The protein contents was increased to 5.5% whereas the contents of lactose and ash in UF-retentate were similar to those in raw milk. 2. L. bulgaricus produced acid more rapid than S. thermophilus during the fermentation of raw milk, UF-retentate and evaporated milk. Mixed cultures of L. Bulgaricus and S. thermophilus showed more rapid acid production than each of those two lactic acid bacteria, and shortened the fermentation time required for the production of yoghurt to the similar level of that with raw milk. 3. The viable cells of S. thermophilus inoculated independently in raw milk reached to 6.6×l0^8cfu/ml when incubated at 42℃; for 8hours, and those of S. thermophilus in UF-retentate and evaporated milk reached to 8.9×l0^8 cfu/ml and 1.03×10^9cfu/ml, respectively, when incubated at 42℃ for 10hours, and decreased to 1×10^7cfu/ml and 8×I0^6cfu/ml respectively after the incubation of 24hours. 4. L. bulgaricus inoculated in raw milk as a sole stater after incubation for 10hours increased to 6.1×10^8cfu/ml at 42℃, and 8×10^7cfu/ml survived after incubation for 24hours at 42℃. In the case of UF-retentated and evaporated milk, the viable cells of L. bulgaricus were 5×10^9cfu/ml and 1.39×10^9cfu/ml respectively, when incubated at 42℃ for 12hours, and decreased to 4.7×l0^8cfu/ml and 5.6×10^8cfu/ml respectively at the cultivation of 24hours. 5. The viable cells of mixed cultures of S. thermophilus and L. bulgaricus fermenting in raw milk, UF-retentate and evaporated milk at 42℃ were gradually increased to 7.5×10^8cfu/ml, 1.47×10^9cfu/ml, and 1.16×10^9cfu/ml respectively till 24hours` incubation time. The highest viable cell counts was observed in UF-retentate. 6. The TCA soluble nitrogenous compounds in raw milk, UF-retentate, and evaporated milk fermented by the mixed cultures of S. thermophilus and L. bulgaricus at 42℃ were gradually increased till 12hours` incubation time. The highest TCA soluble nitrogenous compound values were observed in the UF-retentate. 7. The mixed cultures of S. thermophilus and L. bulgaricus decreased the sugar contents of raw milk, UF-retentate and evaporated milk from 4.6% to 2.1%, from 4.8% to 2.0% and from 7.4% to 4% respectively after fermentation for 12hours at 42℃.

The circulating sphingosine-1-phosphate level predicts incident fracture in postmenopausal women: a 3.5-year follow-up observation study

Bae, S. J.,Lee, S. H.,Ahn, S. H.,Kim, H. M.,Kim, B. J.,Koh, J. M. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Osteoporosis International Vol.27 No.8

<P>A high level of circulating sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is associated with a high incidence of osteoporotic fracture and a high rate of an insufficient response to bisphosphonate therapy. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a significant regulator of bone metabolism. Recently, we found that a high plasma S1P level is associated with low bone mineral density (BMD), high levels of bone resorption markers (BRMs), and a high risk of prevalent vertebral fracture in postmenopausal women. We investigated the possibility that S1P is a predictor of incident fracture. A total of 248 postmenopausal women participated in this longitudinal study and were followed up for a mean duration of 3.5 years (untreated [n = 76] or treated with bisphosphonate or hormone replacement therapy [n = 172]). The baseline plasma S1P level and prevalent and incident fracture occurrence were assessed. A high S1P level was significantly associated with a higher rate of prevalent fracture after adjusting for femoral neck (FN) BMD, BRM, and potential confounders (odds ratio = 2.05; 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 1.03-4.00). Incident fractures occurred more frequently in the highest S1P tertile (T3) than in the lower two tertiles (T1-2) after adjusting for confounders, including baseline FN BMD, prevalent fracture, antiosteoporotic medication, annualized changes in FN BMD, BRM, and potential confounders (hazard ratio = 5.52; 95 % CI = 1.04-56.54). Insufficient response to bisphosphonate therapy occurred more frequently in T3 than T1-2 (odds ratio = 4.43; 95 % CI = 1.02-21.25). The plasma S1P level may be a potential predictor of fracture occurrence and an insufficient response to bisphosphonate therapy in postmenopausal women.</P>

Coherent J/<i>ψ</i> photoproduction at forward rapidity in ultra-peripheral Pb–Pb collisions at _{s NN} = 5.02 TeV

Acharya, S.,Adamová,, D.,Adhya, S.P.,Adler, A.,Adolfsson, J.,Aggarwal, M.M.,Aglieri Rinella, G.,Agnello, M.,Agrawal, N.,Ahammed, Z.,Ahmad, S.,Ahn, S.U.,Aiola, S.,Akindinov, A.,Al-Turany, M.,Alam North-Holland Pub. Co 2019 Physics letters. Section B Vol.798 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The ALICE collaboration performed the first rapidity-differential measurement of coherent J / ψ photoproduction in ultra-peripheral Pb–Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy <SUB> s NN </SUB> = 5.02 TeV. The J / ψ is detected via its dimuon decay in the forward rapidity region ( − 4.0 < y < − 2.5 ) for events where the hadronic activity is required to be minimal. The analysis is based on an event sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 750 μb<SUP>−1</SUP>. The cross section for coherent J / ψ production is presented in six rapidity bins. The results are compared with theoretical models for coherent J / ψ photoproduction. These comparisons indicate that gluon shadowing effects play a role in the photoproduction process. The ratio of <SUP> ψ ′ </SUP> to J / ψ coherent photoproduction cross sections was measured and found to be consistent with that measured for photoproduction off protons.</P>