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Hemostats in Spine Surgery: Literature Review and Expert Panel Recommendations
J.C. Le Huec,S. AlEissa,A.J. Bowey,B. Debono,A. El-Shawarbi,N. Fernández-Baillo,K.S. Han,A. Martin-Benlloch,R. Pflugmacher,P. Sabatier,D. Vanni,I. Walker,T. Warren,S. Litrico 대한척추신경외과학회 2022 Neurospine Vol.19 No.1
Bleeding in spine surgery is a common occurrence but when bleeding is uncontrolled the consequences can be severe due to the potential for spinal cord compression and damage to the central nervous system. There are many factors that influence bleeding during spine surgery including patient factors and those related to the type of surgery and the surgical approach to bleeding. There are a range of methods that can be employed to both reduce the risk of bleeding and achieve hemostasis, one of which is the adjunct use of hemostatic agents. Hemostatic agents are available in a variety of forms and materials and with considerable variation in cost, but specific evidence to support their use in spine surgery is sparse. A literature review was conducted to identify the pre-, peri-, and postsurgical considerations around bleeding in spine surgery. The review generated a set of recommendations that were discussed and ratified by a wider expert group of spine surgeons. The results are intended to provide a practical guide to the selection of hemostats for specific bleeding situations that may be encountered in spine surgery.
Sö,derströ,m, P.-A.,Walker, P.M.,Wu, J.,Liu, H.L.,Regan, P.H.,Watanabe, H.,Doornenbal, P.,Korkulu, Z.,Lee, P.,Liu, J.J.,Lorusso, G.,Nishimura, S.,Phong, V.H.,Sumikama, T.,Xu, F.R.,Yagi, A.,Zha North-Holland Pub. Co 2016 Physics letters. Section B Vol.762 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A detailed study of the structure of the doubly mid-shell nucleus Dy 104 1 66 170 has been carried out, following isomeric and <I>β</I> decay. We have measured the yrast band up to the spin-parity <SUP> J π </SUP> = <SUP> 6 + </SUP> state, the K = 2 <I>γ</I>-vibration band up to the <SUP> 5 + </SUP> state, a low-lying negative-parity band based on a <SUP> 2 − </SUP> state that could be a candidate for the lowest energy octupole vibration state within this nucleus, and a candidate for the <SUP> K π </SUP> = <SUP> 6 + </SUP> two quasi-particle isomer. This state was determined to have an excitation energy of 1643.91(23) keV and a half life of 0.99(4) μs, with a reduced hindrance for its decay to the ground-state band an order of magnitude lower than predicted by <SUB> N p </SUB> <SUB> N n </SUB> systematics. This is interpreted as being due to <I>γ</I>-vibrational mixing from a near degeneracy of the isomer and the <SUP> 6 + </SUP> state of the <I>γ</I> band. Furthermore, the parent nucleus <SUP>170</SUP>Tb has been determined to have a half-life of 0.91 ( − 13 + 18 ) s with a possible spin-parity of <SUP> 2 − </SUP> .</P>
Nguyen, T. L.,Choi, H.,Ko, S.-J.,Uddin, M. A.,Walker, B.,Yum, S.,Jeong, J.-E.,Yun, M. H.,Shin, T. J.,Hwang, S.,Kim, J. Y.,Woo, H. Y. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Vol.7 No.9
<P>We report a series of semi-crystalline, low band gap (LBG) polymers and demonstrate the fabrication of highly efficient polymer solar cells (PSCs) in a thick single-cell architecture. The devices achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 7% without any post-treatment (annealing, solvent additive, <I>etc.</I>) and outstanding long-term thermal stability for 200 h at 130 °C. These excellent characteristics are closely related to the molecular structures where intra- and/or intermolecular noncovalent hydrogen bonds and dipole–dipole interactions assure strong interchain interactions without losing solution processability. The semi-crystalline polymers form a well-distributed nano-fibrillar networked morphology with PC<SUB>70</SUB>BM with balanced hole and electron mobilities (a h/e mobility ratio of 1–2) and tight interchain packing (a π–π stacking distance of 3.57–3.59 Å) in the blend films. Furthermore, the device optimization with a processing additive and methanol treatment improves efficiencies up to 9.39% in a ∼300 nm thick conventional single-cell device structure. The thick active layer in the PPDT2FBT:PC<SUB>70</SUB>BM device attenuates incident light almost completely without damage in the fill factor (0.71–0.73), showing a high short-circuit current density of 15.7–16.3 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP>. Notably, PPDT2FBT showed negligible changes in the carrier mobility even at ∼1 μm film thickness.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>New semi-crystalline photovoltaic polymers were synthesized and the optimized device exhibited 9.39% efficiency in a ∼300 nm thick single-cell device. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c4ee01529k'> </P>
Development of ITER-relevant plasma control solutions at DIII-D
Humphreys, D.A.,Ferron, J.R.,Bakhtiari, M.,Blair, J.A.,In, Y.,Jackson, G.L.,Jhang, H.,Johnson, R.D.,Kim, J.S.,LaHaye, R.J.,Leuer, J.A.,Penaflor, B.G.,Schuster, E.,Walker, M.L.,Wang, H.,Welander, A.S. International Atomic Energy Agency 2007 Nuclear fusion Vol.47 No.8
<P>The requirements of the DIII-D physics program have led to the development of many operational control results with direct relevance to ITER. These include new algorithms for robust and sustained stabilization of neoclassical tearing modes with electron cyclotron current drive, model-based controllers for stabilization of the resistive wall mode in the presence of ELMs, coupled linear–nonlinear algorithms to provide good dynamic axisymmetric control while avoiding coil current limits, and adaptation of the DIII-D plasma control system (PCS) to operate next-generation superconducting tokamaks. Development of integrated plasma control (IPC), a systematic approach to model-based design and controller verification, has enabled successful experimental application of high reliability control algorithms requiring a minimum of machine operations time for testing and tuning. The DIII-D PCS hardware and software and its versions adapted for other devices can be connected to IPC simulations to confirm control function prior to experimental use. This capability has been important in control system implementation for tokamaks under construction and is expected to be critical for ITER.</P>
Reprogramming axonal behavior by axon-specific viral transduction
Walker, B A,Hengst, U,Kim, H J,Jeon, N L,Schmidt, E F,Heintz, N,Milner, T A,Jaffrey, S R Nature Publishing Group 2012 Gene Therapy Vol.19 No.9
The treatment of axonal disorders, such as diseases associated with axonal injury and degeneration, is limited by the inability to directly target therapeutic protein expression to injured axons. Current gene therapy approaches rely on infection and transcription of viral genes in the cell body. Here, we describe an approach to target gene expression selectively to axons. Using a genetically engineered mouse containing epitope-labeled ribosomes, we find that neurons in adult animals contain ribosomes in distal axons. To use axonal ribosomes to alter local protein expression, we utilized a Sindbis virus containing an RNA genome that has been modified so that it can be directly used as a template for translation. Selective application of this virus to axons leads to local translation of heterologous proteins. Furthermore, we demonstrate that selective axonal protein expression can be used to modify axonal signaling in cultured neurons, enabling axons to grow over inhibitory substrates typically encountered following axonal injury. We also show that this viral approach also can be used to achieve heterologous expression in axons of living animals, indicating that this approach can be used to alter the axonal proteome in vivo. Together, these data identify a novel strategy to manipulate protein expression in axons, and provides a novel approach for using gene therapies for disorders of axonal function.
Lotus, A.F.,Kang, Y.C.,Walker, J.I.,Ramsier, R.D.,Chase, G.G. Elsevier 2010 Materials science and engineering B. Advanced Func Vol.166 No.1
Zinc oxide nanofibers doped with aluminum oxide were prepared by sol-gel processing and electrospinning techniques using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), zinc acetate and aluminum acetate as precursors. The resulting nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and current-voltage (I-V) properties. The nanofibers had diameters in the range of 60-150nm. The incorporation of aluminum oxide resulted in a decrease in the crystallite sizes of the zinc oxide nanofibers. Aluminum oxide doped zinc oxide (AOZO) nanofibers exhibited lower bandgap energies compared to undoped zinc oxide nanofibers. However, as the aluminum content (Al/(Al+Zn)x100%) was increased from 1.70at.% to 3.20at.% in the electrospinning solution, the bandgap energy increased resulting in lower conductivity. The electrical conductivity of the AOZO samples was found to depend on the amount of aluminum dopant in the matrix as reflected in the changes in oxidation state elucidated from XPS data. Electrospinning was found to be a productive, simple, and easy method for tuning the bandgap energy and conductivity of zinc oxide semiconducting nanofibers.
Controls on KSTAR Superconducting Poloidal Field (PF) Magnets
Hahn, Sang-Hee,Kim, K.H.,Choi, J.H.,Ahn, H.S.,Lee, D.K.,Park, K.R.,Eidietis, N.W.,Leuer, J.A.,Walker, M.L.,Yang, H.L.,Kim, W.C.,Oh, Y.K. The Korean Society of Superconductivity and Cryoge 2008 한국초전도저온공학회논문지 Vol.10 No.4
As a part of the plasma control system (PCS) for the first plasma campaign of KSTAR, seven sets of fast feedback control loop for the superconducting poloidal field magnet power supply (PF MPS) have been implemented. A special real-time digital communication interface has been developed for the simultaneous exchanges of the current/voltage data from the 7 sets of 12-thyristor power supplies in a 200 microsecond control cycle. Preliminary power supply tests have been performed before actual cooldown of the device. A $29mH/50m{\Omega}$ solenoid dummy has been fabricated for a series of single power supply tests. Connectivity and response speed of the plasma control system have been verified. By changing hardware cabling, this load was also used to estimate mutual inductance coupling effects of two geometrically adjacent solenoid coils on each power supply. After the cooldown was complete, each pair of the up/down symmetric PF coils has been serially connected and tested as part of the device commissioning process. Bipolar operation and longer pulse attempts have been investigated. The responses of the coils and power supplies corresponding to the plasma magnetic controls in plasma discharges are also analyzed for the future upgrades.
VARIABLE STARS IN LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD GLOBULAR CLUSTERS. III. RETICULUM
Kuehn, Charles A.,Dame, Kyra,Smith, Horace A.,Catelan, Má,rcio,Jeon, Young-Beom,Nemec, James M.,Walker, Alistair R.,Kunder, Andrea,Pritzl, Barton J.,De Lee, Nathan,Borissova, Jura American Institute of Physics 2013 The Astronomical journal Vol.145 No.6
<P>This is the third in a series of papers studying the variable stars in old globular clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud. The primary goal of this series is to look at how the characteristics and behavior of RR Lyrae stars in Oosterhoff-intermediate systems compare to those of their counterparts in Oosterhoff-I/II systems. In this paper we present the results of our new time-series BVI photometric study of the globular cluster Reticulum. We found a total of 32 variables stars (22 RRab, 4 RRc, and 6 RRd stars) in our field of view. We present photometric parameters and light curves for these stars. We also present physical properties, derived from Fourier analysis of light curves, for some of the RR Lyrae stars. We discuss the Oosterhoff classification of Reticulum and use our results to re-derive the distance modulus and age of the cluster.</P>
Watanabe, H.,Zhang, G.X.,Yoshida, K.,Walker, P.M.,Liu, J.J.,Wu, J.,Regan, P.H.,Soderstrom, P.A.,Kanaoka, H.,Korkulu, Z.,Lee, P.S.,Nishimura, S.,Yagi, A.,Ahn, D.S.,Alharbi, T.,Baba, H.,Browne, F.,Bruce North-Holland Pub. Co 2016 Physics letters. Section B Vol.760 No.-
The level structure of <SUP>172</SUP>Dy has been investigated for the first time by means of decay spectroscopy following in-flight fission of a <SUP>238</SUP>U beam. A long-lived isomeric state with T<SUB>½</SUB>=0.71(5) s and K<SUP>π</SUP>=8<SUP>-</SUP> has been identified at 1278 keV, which decays to the ground-state and γ-vibrational bands through hindered electromagnetic transitions, as well as to the daughter nucleus <SUP>172</SUP>Ho via allowed β decays. The robust nature of the K<SUP>π</SUP>=8<SUP>-</SUP> isomer and the ground-state rotational band reveals an axially-symmetric structure for this nucleus. Meanwhile, the γ-vibrational levels have been identified at unusually low excitation energy compared to the neighboring well-deformed nuclei, indicating the significance of the microscopic effect on the non-axial collectivity in this doubly mid-shell region. The underlying mechanism of enhanced γ vibration is discussed in comparison with the deformed Quasiparticle Random-Phase Approximation based on a Skyrme energy-density functional.
Kim, Tae Cheol,Ojha, Shuchi,Tian, Guo,Lee, Seung Han,Jung, Hyun Kyu,Choi, Jun Woo,Kornblum, Lior,Walker, Frederick J.,Ahn, Charles H.,Ross, Caroline A.,Kim, Dong Hun The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Journal of materials chemistry. C, Materials for o Vol.6 No.20
<P>Self-assembled nanocomposites consisting of ferrimagnetic CoFe2O4 and ferroelectric BiFeO3 were grown on Nb-doped SrTiO3 (001) or SrTiO3-buffered Si (001) substrates using radio frequency magnetron sputtering. Spinel CoFe2O4 formed as epitaxial pillars within a perovskite BiFeO3 matrix, similar to nanocomposites grown by pulsed laser deposition. CoFe2O4 and BiFeO3 grew with a cube-on-cube epitaxy on Nb-doped SrTiO3, with partial relaxation of the in-plane strain of BiFeO3. The sputter-grown nanocomposites showed an out-of-plane magnetic easy axis as a result of both the shape anisotropy of the pillars and the magnetoelastic anisotropy of CoFe2O4, but the latter was dominant. The BiFeO3 matrix exhibited ferroelectric domains, and the removal of BiFeO3 led to the reduction of magnetic anisotropy by the strain relaxation of CoFe2O4. For potential application in devices, the nanocomposites were integrated on buffered silicon substrates. Templating of the CoFe2O4 nanopillars was achieved by substrate patterning. These techniques facilitate the incorporation of multiferroic nanocomposites into memory and other devices.</P>