Bronchoscopic Ethanolamine Injection Therapy in Patients with Persistent Air Leak from Chest Tube Drainage

( Ah Leum Lim ),( Cheol Hong Kim ),( Yong Il Hwang ),( Chang Youl Lee ),( Jeong Hee Choi ),( Taerim Shin ),( Yong Bum Park ),( Seung Hun Jang ),( Sang Myeon Park ),( Dong Gyu Kim ),( Myung Goo Lee ),( 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2012 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.72 No.5

Background: Chest tube drainage (CTD) is an indication for the treatment of pneumothorax, hemothroax and is used after a thoracic surgery. But, in the case of incomplete lung expansion, and/or persistent air leak from CTD, medical or surgical thoracoscopy or, if that is unavailable, limited thoracotomy, should be considered. We evaluate the efficacy of bronchoscopic injection of ethanolamine to control the persistent air leak in patients with CTD. Methods: Patients who had persistent or prolonged air leak from CTD were included, consecutively. We directly injected 1.0 mL solution of 5% ethanolamine oleate into a subsegmental or its distal bronchus, where it is a probable air leakage site, 1 to 21 times using an injection needle through a fiberoptic bronchoscope. Results: A total of 15 patients were enrolled; 14 cases of spontaneous pneumothorax [idiopathic 9, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 3, post-tuberculosis 2] and one case of empyema associated with broncho-pleural fistula. Of these, five were patients with persistent air leak from CTD, just after a surgical therapy, wedge resection with plication for blebs or bullae. With an ethanolamine injection therapy, 12 were successful but three (idiopathic, COPD and post-tuberculosis) failed, and were followed by a surgery (2 cases) or pleurodesis (1 case). Some adverse reactions, such as fever, chest pain and increased radiographic opacities occurred transiently, but resolved without any further events. With success, the time from the procedure to discharge was about 3 days (median). Conclusion: Bronchoscopic ethanolamine injection therapy may be partially useful in controlling air leakage, and reducing the hospital stay in patients with persistent air leak from CTD.

일반논문 : 공유자원 문제와 사회주의 모델의 교훈 북한의 "담당림" 사례

박아름 ( A Leum Park ),권태상 ( Tae Sang Gwon ) 동국대학교 북한학연구소 2013 북한학연구 Vol.9 No.2

이 연구는 ‘고난의 행군’ 이후 북한의 산림황폐화에 대한 연구이다. 산림황폐 화를 극복하기 위한 방법으로 ‘공유림제도’를 살펴본다. ‘공유림제도’를 오스트롬 의 ‘8가지 디자인원리’와 코르나이의 ‘사회주의체계’를 통해 상호보완적으로 검 토 한다. 공동체 혹은 사회적으로 통제되지 않는 사적이익 추구의 확대는 재앙 을 불러온다. 북한의 산림황폐화 사례가 그렇다. 공유림제도를 통해 사회적으로 통제되는 사적이익추구를 통한 북한 체제전환과정에 대한 대안을 고민하고자 한다. The purpose of this article is to analyze forest devastation of the DPRK (North Korea) after ‘Arduous March’. In this article, I examine the system of a public-owned forest to solve the issue of North Korea’s forest devastation through Elinor Ostrom’s 8 Design Principles and Janos Kornai’s Socialist System in a complimentary way. I assume that North Korea’s forest devastation is the result of ruthless pursuit of profits that have not been controlled by the regime. Therefore, I try to seek an alternative to pursue personal gain that can be controlled by the regime or society through the system of a public-owned forest in the middle of transition process of North Korea.

Bronchoscopic Ethanolamine Injection Therapy in Patients with Persistent Air Leak from Chest Tube Drainage

Lim, Ah-Leum,Kim, Cheol-Hong,Hwang, Yong-Il,Lee, Chang-Youl,Choi, Jeong-Hee,Shin, Tae-Rim,Park, Yong-Bum,Jang, Seung-Hun,Park, Sang-Myeon,Kim, Dong-Gyu,Lee, Myung-Goo,Hyun, In-Gyu,Jung, Ki-Suck,Shin, The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2012 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.72 No.5

Background: Chest tube drainage (CTD) is an indication for the treatment of pneumothorax, hemothroax and is used after a thoracic surgery. But, in the case of incomplete lung expansion, and/or persistent air leak from CTD, medical or surgical thoracoscopy or, if that is unavailable, limited thoracotomy, should be considered. We evaluate the efficacy of bronchoscopic injection of ethanolamine to control the persistent air leak in patients with CTD. Methods: Patients who had persistent or prolonged air leak from CTD were included, consecutively. We directly injected 1.0 mL solution of 5% ethanolamine oleate into a subsegmental or its distal bronchus, where it is a probable air leakage site, 1 to 21 times using an injection needle through a fiberoptic bronchoscope. Results: A total of 15 patients were enrolled; 14 cases of spontaneous pneumothorax [idiopathic 9, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 3, post-tuberculosis 2] and one case of empyema associated with broncho-pleural fistula. Of these, five were patients with persistent air leak from CTD, just after a surgical therapy, wedge resection with plication for blebs or bullae. With an ethanolamine injection therapy, 12 were successful but three (idiopathic, COPD and post-tuberculosis) failed, and were followed by a surgery (2 cases) or pleurodesis (1 case). Some adverse reactions, such as fever, chest pain and increased radiographic opacities occurred transiently, but resolved without any further events. With success, the time from the procedure to discharge was about 3 days (median). Conclusion: Bronchoscopic ethanolamine injection therapy may be partially useful in controlling air leakage, and reducing the hospital stay in patients with persistent air leak from CTD.

국민학교 고학년 아동의 비만정도 및 관련행동 연구

박혜련,김사름 한국식생활문화학회 1995 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.10 No.1

The relationship of obesity and related behaviors was analyzed among 361 primary school children, 4th and 5th grade, in one of private school in Seoul in July 1994. Compared to 1985 Korean Children's Growth Standard, the surveyed children have shown remarkable growth, which is the secular trend in growth of Korean children accompanied with rapid economic growth. But the relative incremental weight was far larger than that of height and this trend was more evident among children over 50th percentile, which shows a wide prevalence of obesity of the surveyed children. By WLI index, 15% of the children was overweight and 13% was obese. The higher the WLI, the more frequent and stronger stress they had. The nutrition knowledge score of obese children was higher compared to others. They were especially sensitive to their physical fitness but many normal or underweight-children also experienced stress due to their body weight and have tried to lose weight by incorrect methods. On the other hand many obese children thought they were optimal or underweight. These results reasserts the importance of nutrition education focused on children aheading puberty. They need to know the correct degree of obesity and to get appropriate education through teachers, dietitians, parents and doctors. The findings of this study could be applied to a nutrition implementation policy to ensure better physical fitness of children aheading puberty in the future.

Quorum Quenching Bacteria Isolated from the Sludge of a Wastewater Treatment Plant and Their Application for Controlling Biofilm Formation

( A Leum Kim ),( Son Young Park ),( Chi Ho Lee ),( Chung Hak Lee ),( Jung Kee Lee ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2014 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.24 No.11

Bacteria recognize changes in their population density by sensing the concentration of signal molecules, N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs). AHL-mediated quorum sensing (QS) plays a key role in biofilm formation, so the interference of QS, referred to as quorum quenching (QQ), has received a great deal of attention. A QQ strategy can be applied to membrane bioreactors (MBRs) for advanced wastewater treatment to control biofouling. To isolate QQ bacteria that can inhibit biofilm formation, we isolated diverse AHL-degrading bacteria from a laboratory-scale MBR and sludge from real wastewater treatment plants. A total of 225 AHLdegrading bacteria were isolated from the sludge sample by enrichment culture. Afipia sp., Acinetobacter sp. and Streptococcus sp. strains produced the intracellular QQ enzyme, whereas Pseudomonas sp., Micrococcus sp. and Staphylococcus sp. produced the extracellular QQ enzyme. In case of Microbacterium sp. and Rhodococcus sp., AHL-degrading activities were detected in the whole-cell assay and Rhodococcus sp. showed AHL-degrading activity in cell-free lysate as well. There has been no report for AHL-degrading capability in the case of Streptococcus sp. and Afipia sp. strains. Finally, inhibition of biofilm formation by isolated QQ bacteria or enzymes was observed on glass slides and 96-well microtiter plates using crystal violet staining. QQ strains or enzymes not only inhibited initial biofilm development but also reduced established biofilms.

Simulating a Delayed Injection Electrodes to Improve the Mass Detection Range of a Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometer

최명철,A Leum Park,박규환,김현식 대한화학회 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.1

Postthyroidectomy obesity in a Korean population: does the extent of surgery matter?

Min-Young Park,Sang Eun Nam,박경식,Madhuri Saindane,Young-Bum Yoo,Jung-Hyun Yang,Ah-Leum Ahn,Jae-Kyung Choi,박원서 대한외과학회 2019 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.97 No.3

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of postthyroidectomy obesity, and the relationship between the extent of thyroidectomy and obesity. Methods: A survey conducted at an outpatient clinic from June to October 2014 and retrospective charts for patients undergoing thyroidectomy at Konkuk University Medical Centers from June 2009 to December 2013 were reviewed. We compared clinical characteristics and pre- and postoperative obesity-related factors in 227 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy or lobectomy. Results: Patients included 39 males and 188 females with a mean age of 46.0 ± 11.0 years; the mean follow-up period was 23.9 ± 16.7 months, and 90 of the 227 patients showed postthyroidectomy obesity. In effect of operative extent on postoperative obesity, patients who underwent TT (48.2 years) than those who underwent lobectomy (43.4 years). TT group had longer follow-up and the frequency of menopause was higher than in the lobectomy group. No differences in postthyroidectomy obesity, body weight change, or body mass index (BMI), change among 2 groups. The predictors of postthyroidectomy obesity were older age, female, heavy alcohol consumption (P = 0.029), higher preoperative BMI (P < 0.001), larger postoperative weight gain (P = 0.024), and larger BMI change. However, the extent of thyroidectomy did not affect postthyroidectomy obesity. Preoperative BMI (P < 0.001) and heavy alcohol consumption (P = 0.03) were independent factors of postthyroidectomy obesity. Conclusion: The extent of thyroidectomy does not affect postthyroidectomy obesity. Preoperative BMI and heavy alcohol consumption are risk factors for postthyroidectomy obesity. Studies are needed to suggest preoperative life style modification to prevent postthyroidectomy obesity

일부 원거리 통학 여대생의 체격지수와 영양섭취 실태조사 - 섭취열량과 소모열량과의 균형을 중심으로 -

김사름(Sa-Leum Kim),박혜련(Hae-Ryun Park),하애화(Ae-Wha Ha) 한국식품영양과학회 1997 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.26 No.3

일부 원거리 통학 여대생을 대상으로 Broca's index, BMI, 체지방량을 이용하여 비만도를 측정하였다. 또한 식이 섭취량을 조사하여 권장량과 비교하였으며 소모열량을 측정하여 섭취열량과 소모열량과의 균형상태를 분석하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다.<br/> 1. 조사대상자의 평균 신장과 체중은 158.0±17.8㎝, 51.7±7.8㎏으로 ‘84 한국인 성인 표준치 159.5㎝, 52.5㎏와 차이는 없었지만 개인간의 신장차이가 큰 것을 알 수 있다.<br/> 2. Broca's index를 기준으로 비만도를 측정하였을 때, 저체중군이 25.89%, 정상군이 67.0%와 과체중군이 7.06%로 나타났으며, BMI값을 기준으로 4개 그룹으로 분류하였을 때에는 저체중군이 40%, 정상군이 58.8%와 과체중군이 1.2%로 나타났다. 각 지수에 대한 유효성을 살펴 보았을 때, BMI가 Broca지수 보다 좀더 타당함을 알 수 있었다.<br/> 3. BIA에 의한 체위판정 결과는 저체중군이 7%, 정상군이 64.2%와 과체중군이 22%, 비만군이 6.1%로 BMI에 의한 체위판정결과와 다르게 나타났다. BIA에 의한 체위판정을 위해서는 제거가 용이하지 않은 치아교정기, 속옷에 부착된 금속 등에 대한 보정값이 마련되어서 측정상 오차가 발생하지 않도록 보완되어야 하겠다.<br/> 4. 식사기록법에 의해 식이 섭취량을 조사한 결과 영양소중 단백질, 인, 비타민 B군의 섭취는 비교적 충분한 반면 비타민 A를 제외한 칼슘과 철분을 포함한 나머지 영양소는 권장량 보다 낮게 섭취된 것으로 나타났다.<br/> 5. 1일 평균 섭취열량은 1545.5±395.4㎉, 생활시간 조사에 따른 1일 평균 소모열량은 1929.8±198.3㎉, 간이 소모열량측정기에 의한 1일 평균 소모열량은 1676.1±141.7㎉로 조사되었으며 섭취열량에 비해 소모열량이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. This study was aimed to investigate the nutritional status of Korean female college students who are attending school at a long distance. Physique classification by anthropomethic indexes, Body mass index(BMI) & Brocas' index and the body fat distribution were investigated. The energy balance was also examined comparing caloric intake with caloric expenditure. The results of this study are followings: (1) Average height and weight were 158.0±17.8㎝, 51.7±7.8㎏. This results were not quite different from '84 Korean Adult Standard of 159.5㎝, 52.5㎏. (2) By Broca's index, 25.89% of subjects was underweight, 67.0% was normal weight and 7.06% was overweight. By BMI, 40% of subjects was underweight, 58.8% was normal weight and 1.2% was overweight. (3) According to % fat measured By BIA, 7% in subjects was underweight, 64.2% was normal weight, 22% was overweight and 6.1% was obesity. This result differed from BMI's result. It may be measurement error due to the difficulty of removing metal sticking to underwear and tooth correction. (4) The intakes of the nutrients except protein, P, vitamin B₁ complexes, were lower than the intakes indicated by Korean Recommended Allowances. (5) Average caloric intake a day was 1545±395.4㎉, which was much lower than the RDA. The caloric expenditure was much more than caloric intake, which showed negative energy balance in the subjects of this study.

The Influence of Living Abroad Experience on Clothing Benefits Sought and Brand Attitude

Kirn, Ji-Young,Park, Ah-Leum,Cho, Hyun-Kyung,Lee, Kyu-Hye The Korean Society of Costume 2012 International journal of costume and fashion Vol.12 No.1

This study is to examine whether those who have experiences of living abroad are influenced by overseas culture in their seeking of clothing benefits and brand attitude, to analyze and summarize the differences from those who have no such experience, and to ultimately present marketing opportunities and directions based on the analysis. Based on respected previous studies, factors affecting cloth ing benefits sought were selected and sub-factors were developed, Then, a survey questionnaire was prepared based on the selected factors/sub-factors, along with questions to ask responders to evaluate their experiences of living abroad. Men and women aged from 18 to 39 participated in the survey. According to the survey result, one's experience of living abroad had influences on their self-expression, brand attitude, and domestic and overseas brand preference as she experienced cultural diversity and developed more flexible attitude. The brand attitude was also influenced by the country in which a responder lived, but not by the staying period.

원격판독 의료기관에서 시행한 원격판독의 동료평가: 세부전공분야와 촬영장비에 따른 판독 불일치 정도와 불일치 판독의 임상적 의의 비교

Seo Hyung Suk,Park Jai Soung,Oh Yu-Whan,Sung Dongwook,Lee A Leum 대한영상의학회 2021 대한영상의학회지 Vol.82 No.6

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rates of unacceptable diagnosis and clinically significant diagnostic discrepancy in radiology sections and imaging modalities through a peer review of teleradiology. Materials and Methods Teleradiology peer reviews in a Korean teleradiology clinic in 2018 and 2019 were included. The peer review scores were classified as acceptable and unacceptable diagnoses and clinically insignificant and significant diagnostic discrepancy. The diagnostic discrepancy rates and clinical significance were compared among radiology sections and imaging modalities using the chi-square test. Results Of 1312 peer reviews, 117 (8.9%) cases had unacceptable diagnoses. Of 462 diagnostic discrepancies, the clinically significant discrepancy was observed in 104 (21.6%) cases. In radiology sections, the unacceptable diagnosis was highest in the musculoskeletal section (21.4%) (p < 0.05), followed by the abdominal section (7.3%) and neuro section (1.3%) (p < 0.05). The proportion of significant discrepancy was higher in the chest section (32.7%) than in the musculoskeletal (19.5%) and abdominal sections (17.1%) (p < 0.05). Regarding modalities, the number of unacceptable diagnoses was higher with MRI (16.2%) than plain radiology (7.8%) (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in significant discrepancy. Conclusion Peer review provides the rates of unacceptable diagnosis and clinically significant discrepancy in teleradiology. These rates also differ with subspecialty and modality. 목적 동료평가를 시행하여 원격판독 불일치의 정도와 불일치 판독의 임상적 의의를 세부전공분야와 촬영장비별로 평가하고자 하였다. 대상과 방법 한 국내 원격판독 의료기관에서 2018년과 2019년에 시행한 동료평가를 대상으로 세부전공분야와 촬영장비별로 판독 불일치를 분석하였다. 동료평가 점수를 적격 진단과부적격 진단으로 분류하였고, 판독 불일치는 임상적 의의에 따라 무의한 불일치와 유의한 불일치로 분류하였다. 카이제곱 검증으로 통계를 시행하였다. 결과 총 1312건의 동료평가 중 부적격 진단은 117건(8.9%)이고, 총 462건의 진단 불일치 중유의한 불일치는 104건(21.6%)이었다. 세부전공분야에서 부적격 진단율은 근골격(21.4%)이가장 높았고(각각 p < 0.05), 복부(7.3%)는 신경두경부(1.3%)에 비해 높았다(p < 0.05). 유의한 불일치는 흉부(32.7%)가 복부(17.1%)와 근골격(19.5%)에 비해 높았다(각각 p < 0.05). 촬영장비에서 부적격 진단은 MR (16.2%)이 일반촬영(7.8%)에 비해 높았고(p < 0.05), 유의한불일치는 차이가 없었다. 결론 동료평가를 통해서 원격판독의 부적격 진단과 임상적 유의한 불일치의 정도, 세부전공분야와 촬영장비에 따른 차이를 알 수 있었다.