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박경식,강국희 한국낙농학회 1990 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.12 No.4
본 연구는 우리나라 미숙 분만아의 생후 한달간 식이별 경시적 장내 균총의 변화와 분리 균속의 동정에 관한 연구로서 그 결과를 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 1. 미숙 분만아의 모유 식이하의 장내 균총을 균속별로 보면 대체로 Bifidobacterium, Bacteroidaceae, Clostridium, Eubacterium, 그리고 Enterobacteriaceae의 순으로 나타났다. 2. 미숙분만아의 미숙아 분유 식이하의 장내균총을 균속별로 보면 Bifidobacterium, Enterobacteriaceae, Eubacterium, Bacteroidaceae 그리고 Clostridium의 순으로 나타났다. 3. 미숙 분만아의 미숙아 모유 및 미숙아 분유 혼합 식이하의 장내 균총을 균속별로 보면 대체로 Bifidobacterium, Bacteroidaceae, Streptococcus, Megasphaera 그리고 Clostridium의 순으로 나타났다. 4. 미숙 분만아의 정상아용 조제 분유 식이하의 장내 균총을 균속별로 보면 대체로 Bacteroidaceae, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, Eubacterium 그리고 Clostridium의 순으로 나타났다. 5. 미숙 분만아의 장내 균총에서 일반적으로 총 균수에서는 유익균이, 균속의 종류에서는 유해균이 우세하였다. 6. 34명의 국내 미숙 분만아의 분변 시료로부터 총 16속(Yeasts 제외)의 균을 분리하여 그 균속을 동정하였다. Due to the uniformity of the diet during early life, the composition of the intestinal microfloras is influenced dibectly by the kinds of nutrients during the first month after birth. Especially, in case of preterm infants, the first month after birth is the most important period for survival through their lifetime, and determination of intestinal microflora for this period is important to estimate their digestive diseases and metabolic disorders. This study made an attempt to classify the major intestinal microflora of Korean preterm infants on various milk feedings during the first month after birth. This results which were obtained are as follows: 1. Dominant genuses on total cell counts in gastrointestinal tracts, ranked from highest to lowest, from preterm infants fed preterm-formula-milk were Bifidobacterium, Bacteroidaceae, Clostridium, Eubacterium and Enterobacteriaceae. 2. Dominant genuses on total cell counts in gastrointestinal tracts, ranked from highest to lowest, from preterm infants fed preterm-formula-milk were Bifidobacterium, Enterobacteriaceae, Eubacterium, Bacteroidaceae and Clostridium. 3. Dominant genuses on total cell counts in gastrointestinal tracts, ranked from highest to lowest, from preterm infants fed mixture feeding(preterm-formula-milk and preterm-formula-milk) were Bifidobacterium, Bacteroidaceae, Streptococcus, Megasphaera and Clostridium. 4. Dominant genuses on total cell counts in gastrointestinal tracts, ranked from highest to lowest, from preterm infants fed term-formula-milk were Bacteroidaceae, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, Eubacterium, and Clostridium. 5. Dominant microflora on total cell counts in gastrointestinal tracts of preterm infants were lactic bacteria, and septic and pathogenic microflora were predominantly over kinds of species in the preterm infants guts. 6. Sixteen genuses(except on Yeast) were isolated and identified from fecal samples of 34 preterm infants in this experiment.
박경식 대한소화기내시경학회 2015 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.48 No.4
Diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is the most basic of endoscopy procedures and is the technique that trainee doctors first learn. Mastering the basics of endoscopy is very important because when this process is imprecise or performed incorrectly, it can severely affect a patient’s health or life. Although there are several guidelines and studies that consider these basics, there are still no standard recommendations for endoscopy in Korea. In this review, basic points, including proper endoscope insertion, precise observation without blind spots, and appropriate photographing, for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy will be discussed.
수태양소장경근(手太陽小腸經筋)의 해부학적(解剖學的) 연구(硏究)
박경식,Park, Kyoung-Sik 대한약침학회 2004 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.7 No.2
This study was carried to identify the component of Small Intestine Meridian Muscle in human, dividing the regional muscle group into outer, middle, and inner layer. the inner part of body surface were opened widely to demonstrate muscles, nerve, blood vessels and the others, displaying the inner structure of Small Intestine Meridian Muscle. We obtained the results as follows; 1. Small Intestine Meridian Muscle is composed of the muscle, nerve and blood vessels. 2. In human anatomy, it is present the difference between a term of nerve or blood vessels which control the muscle of Meridian Muscle and those which pass near by Meridian Muscle. 3. The inner composition of meridian muscle in human arm is as follows ; 1) Muscle ; Abd. digiti minimi muscle(SI-2, 3, 4), pisometacarpal lig.(SI-4), ext. retinaculum. ext. carpi ulnaris m. tendon.(SI-5, 6), ulnar collateral lig.(SI-5), ext. digiti minimi m. tendon(SI-6), ext. carpi ulnaris(SI-7), triceps brachii(SI-9), teres major(SI-9), deltoid(SI-10), infraspinatus(SI-10, 11), trapezius(Sl-12, 13, 14, 15), supraspinatus(SI-12, 13), lesser rhomboid(SI-14), erector spinae(SI-14, 15), levator scapular(SI-15), sternocleidomastoid(SI-16, 17), splenius capitis(SI-16), semispinalis capitis(SI-16), digasuicus(SI-17), zygomaticus major(Il-18), masseter(SI-18), auriculoris anterior(SI-19) 2) Nerve ; Dorsal branch of ulnar nerve(SI-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), br. of mod. antebrachial cutaneous n.(SI-6, 7), br. of post. antebrachial cutaneous n.(SI-6,7), br. of radial n.(SI-7), ulnar n.(SI-8), br. of axillary n.(SI-9), radial n.(SI-9), subscapular n. br.(SI-9), cutaneous n. br. from C7, 8(SI-10, 14), suprascapular n.(SI-10, 11, 12, 13), intercostal n. br. from T2(SI-11), lat. supraclavicular n. br.(SI-12), intercostal n. br. from C8, T1(SI-12), accessory n. br.(SI-12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17), intercostal n. br. from T1,2(SI-13), dorsal scapular n.(SI-14, 15), cutaneous n. br. from C6, C7(SI-15), transverse cervical n.(SI-16), lesser occipital n. & great auricular n. from cervical plexus(SI-16), cervical n. from C2,3(SI-16), fascial n. br.(SI-17), great auricular n. br.(SI-17), cervical n. br. from C2(SI-17), vagus n.(SI-17),hypoglossal n.(SI-17), glossopharyngeal n.(SI-17), sympathetic trunk(SI-17), zygomatic br. of fascial n.(SI-18), maxillary n. br.(SI-18), auriculotemporal n.(SI-19), temporal br. of fascial n.(SI-19) 3) Blood vessels ; Dorsal digital vein.(SI-1), dorsal br. of proper palmar digital artery(SI-1), br. of dorsal metacarpal a. & v.(SI-2, 3, 4), dorsal carpal br. of ulnar a.(SI-4, 5), post. interosseous a. br.(SI-6,7), post. ulnar recurrent a.(SI-8), circuirflex scapular a.(SI-9, 11) , post. circumflex humeral a. br.(SI-10), suprascapular a.(SI-10, 11, 12, 13), first intercostal a. br.(SI-12, 14), transverse cervical a. br.(SI-12,13,14,15), second intercostal a. br.(SI-13), dorsal scapular a. br.(SI-13, 14, 15), ext. jugular v.(SI-16, 17), occipital a. br.(SI-16), Ext. jugular v. br.(SI-17), post. auricular a.(SI-17), int. jugular v.(SI-17), int. carotid a.(SI-17), transverse fascial a. & v.(SI-18),maxillary a. br.(SI-18), superficial temporal a. & v.(SI-19).
Chlortetracycline Fluoresence 분석을 통한 수정능 획득 과정에서의 $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase 역할
박경식,Park, Kyoung-Sik 대한생식의학회 1998 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.25 No.3
It has been reported that the $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase and the $Ca^{2+}-Na^+$ exchanger play an important role for the regulation of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ in somatic cells, the $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase located in the plasma membrane helps the $Ca^{2+}$ concentration in maintain low $[Ca^{2+}]_i$. Roldan & Fleming reported that the spermatozoan $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase plays an important role in the capacitation and acrosome reaction. We used to assess $Ca^{2+}$ changes by chlortetracycline (CTC) patterns in the capacitation and acrosome reaction of human and hamster spermatozoa. In the present study applying quercetin which has been known as an ATPase antagonist, the enzymatic effect of $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase on capacitation and acrosome reaction was found to be remarkable: a significant increase of the transformation from the original type to the B type and the AR type of spermatozoa. This finding suggests that $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase play an important role in the efflux and the influx of the $Ca^{2+}$ which have been known to be an essential factor for the capacitation and acrosome reaction, and that the inhibitory action of the $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase might be a prerequsit step toward the capacitation and acrosome reaction. In conclusion, this study suggest the considerable evidence as follows: the increment of the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration occurred by controlling the slope of $Ca^{2+}$ concentration through $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase activites in both the intracellular and extracellulr fluid may be important procedures for the capacitation and the acrosome reaction, and finally for fertilization of the sperm and ovum.