Enhancing Fertilizer Use Efficiency through Microbial Inoculants for Agricultural Green Productivity

Tongmin Sa 한국토양비료학회 2010 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2010 No.5

Phosphorus Accumulation and Utilization Efficiency in Soybean Plant under Atmospheric CO₂ Enrichment

Sa, Tongmin,Kim, Jong-Soo 한국응용생명화학회 2001 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.44 No.1

Soybean plants(Glycine max [L.] merr.) inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum MN110 were grown in growth chambers under 400 or $800{\mu}l{\cdot}l^{-1}$ atmospheric $CO_2$ and harvested at 25, 28, 32, and 35 DAT to examine the effect of $CO_2$ enrichment on phosphorus accumulation, uptake, and utilization efficiency during vegetative growth. Phosphorus concentration in leaf was lower in high $CO_2$ plant by 47% at 25 DAT and 34% at 35 DAT than those in the control plant but phosphorus concentrations in stem, root and nodule were not affected by $CO_2$ enrichment. Total phosphorus accumulation increased 3.9-fold in high $CO_2$ plant and 3.2-fold in the control plant between 25 and 35 DAT. Elevated $CO_2$ caused a decrease in the whole plant phosphorus concentration by 35%, which was due almost entirely to a decrease in the phosphorus concentration of leaves. $CO_2$ enrichment increased phosphorus utilization efficiency in the whole plant by 70% during the experimental period. Plants exposed to high $CO_2$ had larger root systems than under ambient $CO_2$, but high $CO_2$ plants had lower P-uptake efficiency. Averaged over four harvests, plants at high $CO_2$ had 38% larger root mass that was more than offset the 20% lower efficiency of P-uptake and accounted for increased phosphorus accumulation by high $CO_2$ plant. These results suggest that the reduced phosphorus concentration in soybean plant under $CO_2$ enrichment may be an acclimation response to high $CO_2$ concentration or enhanced starch accumulation, resulting in the plants to have a lower phosphorus requirement on a unit dry weight basis or a high phosphorus utilization efficiency under these conditions.

Research Trends on Plant Associated Beneficial Bacteria as Biofertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture

Tongmin Sa(사동민),Puneet Singh Chauhan 한국토양비료학회 2009 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.42 No.S2

생물비료는 아직도 한국에서는 생소한 용어다. 한국에서 생물비료라 함은 식물추출액, 퇴비류- 다양한 형태의 미생물 혼합제 등으로 인식되고 있다. 그러나 최근에는 식물영양요소의 흡수나 이용도를 증진시키는 토양미생물 사용으로 언급하기도 한다. 본 개관은 식물성장을 증진시키는 것으로 알려진 PGPR 서로 다른 기작과 실질적 역할에 대하여 검토하였다. The sustainability of conventional agriculture which is characterized by input dependent an ecologically simplified food production system is vague. Chemicals and present practices used in agriculture are not only costly but also have widespread implications on human and animal health, food quality and safety and environmental quality. Thus there is a need for alternative farming practices to sustain food production for the escalating population and conserve environment for future generations. The present research scenario in the area of plant microbe interactions for maintainingsustainable agriculture suggests that thelevel of internal regulation in agro-ecosystems is largely dependent on the level of plant and microbial diversity present in the soil. In agro-ecosystems, biodiversity performs a variety of ecological services beyond the production of food, including recycling of nutrients, regulation of microclimate and local hydrological processes, suppression of undesirable organisms and detoxification of noxious chemicals. Controlling the soil microflora to enhance the predominance of beneficial and effective microorganisms can help improve and maintain soil chemical and physical properties. The role of beneficial soil microorganisms in sustainable productivity has been well construed. Some plant bacteria referred to as plant growthpromoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can contribute to improve plant growth, nutrient uptake and microbial diversity when inoculated to plants. Term PGPR was initially used to describe strains of naturally occurring non-symbiotic soil bacteria have the ability to colonize plant roots and stimulateplant growth. PGPR activity has been reported in strains belonging to several other genera, such as Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Burkhokderia, Methylobacterium, and Pseudomonas etc. PGPR stimulate plant growth directly either by synthesizing hormones such as indole acetic acid or by promoting nutrition, for example, by phosphate solubilization or more generally by accelerating mineralization processes. They can also stimulate growth indirectly, acting as biocontrol agents by protecting the plant against soil borne fungal pathogens or deleterious bacteria. Present review focuses on some recent developments to evolve strategies for better biotechnological exploitation of PGPR’s.

인산결핍 조건하에서 질소고정식물체내의 Ureide 분배

사동민 ( Tongmin Sa ) 한국응용생명화학회 1997 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.40 No.3

Soybean plants inoculated Bradyrhizobium japonicum MN 110 were grown in outdoor perlite pots with nitrogen free nutrient solution containing 1.0 mM-P(control) and 0.05 mM-P(stress) and harvested at 28, 35, 42 and 49 days after transplanting (DAT) to examine the effect of phosphorus deficiency on ureide concentration of and distribution to different plant organ in nitrogen fixing soybean plant during the vegetative growth. Total dry mass of control plants increased 8.9 fold and that of phosphorus deficient plant increased 2.7 fold during the experimental period. Phosphorus deficiency reduced total phosphorus and nitrogen accumulation by 80%, 40% respectively, at 28 DAT and 93%, 84%, respectively, at 49 DAT. Nitrogen concentration was reduced by phosphorus deficiency in all tissues with leaf and stem tissues affected to a greater degree than nodule and root tissues at every sampling date. Phosphorus deficiency significantly reduced soluble reduced-N and ureide-N concentration in leaf and stem but did not affect those in root. The proportion of soluble reduced-N in leaf was reduced from 60% to 50% but increased from 10% to 20% in the roots. The proportion of ureide-N in leaf of control plants was higher than that in phosphorus deficient plants, whereas, roots of phosphorus deficient plants contained a higher proportion of ureide-N than those of control plants. These indicated that phosphorus deficiency not only inhibit nitrogen fixation of nodules but also restrict the translocation of fixed nitrogen out of the root system into the xylem.

대기 CO2 상승시 인산공급이 식물체의 광합성 및 질소고정에 미치는 영향

사동민 ( Tongmin Sa ) 한국응용생명화학회 1997 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.40 No.2

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of phosphorus deficiency on nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis of nitrogen fixing soybean plant under CO₂ enrichment condition. The soybean plants(Glycine max [L.] Merr.) inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum MN 110 were grown with P-stressed(0.05 mM-P) and control(1 mM-P) treatment under control(400 ㎕/L CO₂) and enrichment(800 ㎕/L CO₂) enviromental condition in the phytotron equipped with high density lamp(1000 μEm ^(-2)S^(-1)) and 28/22℃ temperature cycle for 35 days after transplanting(DAT). At 35 DAT, phosphorus deficiency decreased total dry mass by 64% in CO₂ enrichment condition, and 51% in control CO₂ condition. Total leaf area was reduced significantly by phosphorus deficiency in control and enriched COL condition but specific leaf weight was increased by P deficiency. Phosphorus deficiency significantly reduced photosynthetic rate(carbon exchange rate) and internal CO₂ concentration in leaf in both CO₂ treatments, but the degree of stress was more severe under CO₂ enrichment condition than under control CO₂ environmental condition. In phosphorus sufficient plants, CO₂ enrichment increased nodule fresh weight and total nitrogenase activity(acetylene reduction) of nodule by 30% and 41% respectively, but specific nitrogenase activity of nodule and nodule fresh weight was not affected by CO₂ enrichment in phosphorus deficient plant at 35 DAT. Total nitrogen concentrations in stem, root and nodule tissue were significantly higher in phosphorus sufficient plant grown under CO₂ enrichment, but nitrogen concentration in leaf was reduced by 30% under CO₂ enrichment. These results indicate that increasing CO₂ concentration does not affect plant growth under phosphorus deficient condition and phosphorus stress might inhibit carbohydrate utilization in whole plant and that CO₂ enrichment could not increase nodule formation and functioning under phosphorus deficient conditions and phosphorus has more important roles in nodule growth and functioning under CO₂ enrichment environments than under ambient condition.

Research Trends on Plant Associated Beneficial Bacteria as Biofertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture: An Overview

사동민,Sa, Tongmin,Chauhan, Puneet Singh 한국토양비료학회 2009 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.42 No.S2

생물비료는 아직도 한국에서는 생소한 용어다. 한국에서 생물비료라 함은 식물추출액, 퇴비류-다양한 형태의 미생물 혼합제 등으로 인식되고 있다. 그러나 최근에는 식물영양요소의 흡수나 이용도를 증진시키는 토양미생물 사용으로 언급하기도 한다. 본 개관은 식물성장을 증진시키는 것으로 알려진 PGPR 서로 다른 기작과 실질적 역할에 대하여 검토하였다. The sustainability of conventional agriculture which is characterized by input dependent and ecologically simplified food production system is vague. Chemicals and present practices used in agriculture are not only costly but also have widespread implications on human and animal health, food quality and safety and environmental quality. Thus there is a need for alternative farming practices to sustain food production for the escalating population and conserve environment for future generations. The present research scenario in the area of plant microbe interactions for maintaining sustainable agriculture suggests that the level of internal regulation in agro-ecosystems is largely dependent on the level of plant and microbial diversity present in the soil. In agro-ecosystems, biodiversity performs a variety of ecological services beyond the production of food, including recycling of nutrients, regulation of microclimate and local hydrological processes, suppression of undesirable organisms and detoxification of noxious chemicals. Controlling the soil microflora to enhance the predominance of beneficial and effective microorganisms can help improve and maintain soil chemical and physical properties. The role of beneficial soil microorganisms in sustainable productivity has been well construed. Some plant bacteria referred to as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can contribute to improve plant growth, nutrient uptake and microbial diversity when inoculated to plants. Term PGPR was initially used to describe strains of naturally occurring non-symbiotic soil bacteria have the ability to colonize plant roots and stimulate plant growth PGPR activity has been reported in strains belonging to several other genera, such as Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Arthrobacter Bacillus, Burkhokderia, Methylobacterium, and Pseudomonas etc. PGPR stimulate plant growth directly either by synthesizing hormones such as indole acetic acid or by promoting nutrition, for example, by phosphate solubilization or more generally by accelerating mineralization processes. They can also stimulate growth indirectly, acting as biocontrol agents by protecting the plant against soil borne fungal pathogens or deleterious bacteria. Present review focuses on some recent developments to evolve strategies for better biotechnological exploitation of PGPR's.

자연녹지 토양 미생물 생태 변화 연구

양순혜,사동민 선문대학교 자연과학대학 1999 자연과학대학 논문집 Vol.2 No.-

자연녹지의 미생물 생태 변화를 살펴보기 위하여 오대산, 남산, 청량산, 마니산 및 창덕궁 후원의 신갈나무림 서어나우림, 소나무림, 리기다 소나무림 및 아까시나무심의 표토와 심토를 채취하여 미생물 밀도, 분포 및 다양성 지수를- 조사하였다. 총균수는 표토에서 서어나무림 1,97×10^(7), 신갈나무림 2.64×10^(7), 소나무림 3.32×10^(7), 아까시나무림 5,37×10^(7), 리기다소나무림 2,60×10^(7) c.f.u,/g soil였다. 사상균의 총균수 는 지역별로 남산 3.54×10^(6), 오대산 0.69×10^(6), 마니산 0,32×10^(6), 청량산 0.29×10^(6), 창덕궁 0.21×10^(6) c.f.u/g soil이었다. 다양성 지수는 지역별로는 오대산(0.4897) > 마니산(0.4638) > 남산(0.3699) > 창덕궁 (0.3577) > 청량산(0,2847) 순서였으며, 서식림별로는 소나무림((),4772) > 서어나무림(0.4517) > 신갈나무림 ((),4316) > 리기다소나무림(0.3366) > 아까시나무럼(0,3232)으로 나타났다. Microbial density, proportion and diversity in surface and sub soil under Queraus mongolica, Carpinus laxiflora, Pinus densiflora, Robinia Pseudoacacia, Pinus rigida of Mt. Nam, Mt. Odea, Mt. Manee, Mt, Chungyand and Chanduckgung were examined. Total microbial density were Carpinus laxiflora 1.97×10^(7) c.f.u./g-soil, Quercus mongolica 2.64×10^(7) Pinus densiflora 3.32×10^(7) Robinia Pseudoacacia 5.37×10^(7) Pinus; rigida 2.60×10^(7) c.f.u./g soil in surface soil. Density of fungi were Mt. Nam 3.54×10^(6), Mt. Odea 0.69×10^(6), Mt. Manee 0.32×10^(6). Mt. Chungyang 0.29×10^(6) Changduckgung 0.21×10^(6) c.f.u./g soil in location. Microbial diversity were Mt. 0dea(0.4897) > Mt. Manee(0.4638) > Mt. Nam(0.3699) > Changduckgung(0.3577) > Mt. Chungyang(0.2847) in location and Pinus densiflora(0.4772) > Carpinus laxifloa(0.4517) > Quercus mpgolica(0.43l6) > Pinus rigida(0.3366) > Robinia Pseudoacacia(0.3232) in forest.

아산지역 논 토양의 이화학적 특성 연구

허진욱,사동민 선문대학교 자연과학대학 1998 자연과학대학 논문집 Vol.1 No.-

충남 아산지역 논 토양의 양분특성 및 중금속함량을 조사하기 위하여 50개 지역의 토양을 채취하여 유효인산량, 토양 pH, 유기물함량, 치환성 양이온함량 및 중금속함량을 측정하였다. 조사토양의 pH는 4.68~6.08 범위에 있었으며 유기물함량 및 유효인산의 평균치는 각각 1.95% 및 566ppm으로 나타났다. 치환성 양이온함량의 평균치는 Ca: 5.19, Mg: 1.54 및 K: 0.66me/100g · soil 이었다. 또한 토양중금속함량은 Cd: 0.74-0.38, Pb: 0.03-0.32 및 Zn: 1.4-5.6 mg/kg으로 조사되었다. 이상의 결과로 아산지역의 논 토양은 이화학적 성질이 전국토양 평균치보다 우수하였으며 작물 생산에 유해할 정도의 중금속 오염은 없는 것으로 판단되었다. Soil-pH, available-P concentration, organic matter content, exchangeable cation and heavy metal contents were measured to examine the physicochemical properties in poddy soils of Asan area. Soil-pH ranged from 4.68 to 6.08 and organic matter and available-P content were 1.9% and 566ppm, respectively. The concentrations of exchangeable Ca, Mg and K were 5.19, 1.54 and 0.66me/100g soil. respectively. The heavy metal Concentration were Cd; 0.74-0.38, Pb; 0.03-0.32 and Zn;1.4~5.6mg/kg, respectively. These results showed that the nutrient content in Asan area were higher than those of the average in Korean soils and the heavy metal concentrations were lower than the critical level for crop production.

Humate 첨가 UF 비료가 고추생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향

양진철,사동민 선문대학교 ·중소기업기술지원연구소 1999 선문공대 연구/기술 논문집 Vol.4 No.1

Humate를 첨가하여 제조한 Humate-Ureaform(HUF)비료가 고추생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향을 Ureaform(UF)복비, 및 단비처리와 비교하기 위하여 전량기비처리하여 고추정식후 33, 74 및 113일후에 각 부위별 건물생산량, 인산과 질소의 농도 및 축적량을 측정, 비교하였다 UFH 및 UF처리가 기타시비보다 고추의 생육 및 수량이 우수하였고 HUF 처리가 UF 처리에 비하여 건고추 최종수량이 11% 높았다. 전질소 및 전인산의 축척량은 UFH처리가 UF처리에 비하여 8%(전식물체), 6 8%(고추) 및 6%(전식물체), 9 5%(고추)가 높은 것으로 나타났다 이상의 결과에서 Humate첨가가 UF의 완효성을 크게하여 비효의 지속성을 높여 고추의 생육 및 수량을 높이는 것으로 생각된다 The objective of this experiment was to compare the effect of Humate/Ureaform (HUF) on red pepper growth and yield with ureaform (UF), single and mixed fertilizer basal dressing The dry matter production, nitrogen, phosphorus concentration and accumulation of leaf, stem, root and fruit were measured at 33, 74 and 113 days after transplanting (DAT) The red pepper plant with HUF and UF treatments grew better than single and mixed fertilizer treatment during the whole experimental period The red pepper yield treated with HUF was higher (11%) than that treated with UF Comparing between HUF and UF treatments, HUF treatment increased nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation in whole plant by 8% and 6% respectively, and in red pepper by 6% and 9.5% respectively at 113 DAT The results showed that humate enhaned fertilizer utilization efficiency in red pepper growth and production by reducing fertilizer releasing rate

Ca 엽면시비가 토마토의 수량 및 품질에 미치는 영향

정종배,사동민 선문대학교 ·중소기업기술지원연구소 1999 선문공대 연구/기술 논문집 Vol.4 No.1

칼슘의 엽면시비가 토마토의 수량 및 품질에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고저 칼슘비료를 0, 2 및 3회 처리한 후 수량 병해발생률, 칼슘함량 및 과육의 파괴강도를 측정하였다 칼슘의 엽면시비는 과실의 생체량 및 과실 개당 무게에는 유의성 있는 차이를 나타내지 않았으나 병해발생률 감소 및 칼슘농도 증가는 유의성 있는 차이를 나타내었다 이는 칼슘의 엽면시비가 수량에는 영향을 미치지 못하나 토마토 과육에 칼슘함량을 높여 파괴강도를 증가시키고 병해발생률을 감소시키는 것으로 생각된다. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of Ca foliar application on yield, disease occurrence, Ca content and texture of tomato after growing with Ca-foliar application (0, 2 and 3 times). The yield of tomato was not affected by Ca-foliar application but Ca-foliar application decreased the occurrence of disease and increased Ca-concentration of tomato significantly. These results showed that Ca-foliar application had no significant effect of yield but enhanced the quality (disease occurrence, texture) by increasing Ca concentration in tomato.