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임국환 高麗大學校 倂設 保健大學 保健科學硏究所 2001 保健科學論集 Vol.27 No.1
Wastes of animal hospitals was classified as infectious waste and managed by Ministry of Environment according to the Waste Management Act since August in 2000. This study was performed to investigate occurrence and management of wastes from the animal hospitals in Seoul area. The results obtained were as followers: 1. Most animal hospitals in Seoul area were 10-19 pyoung(55.2%) in size, with two veterinarian(55.2%) and having less than 4 inpatient animals(70.5%) per day. 2. The main disease of patient animals was gastrointestinal(45.8%), and were followed dermatological(27.1%) and respiratory(23.7%). 3. The treatment methods of animal hospital wastes included contractor(58.1%), incineration(21.9%), and waste bag(18.2%). 4. As for the cost of waste treatment, 48.8% of animal hospital spent less than 40,000won and 34.2%, 40,000-70,000won per month. 5. 72.3% of veterinarians understood the amendment of Waste Treatment Act and 10,9% of veterinarians did not know the treatment method at all.
임국환,오용식 한국항해항만학회 2022 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.46 No.2
Due to the global epidemic of infectious diseases, it has become important for all industries to respond to the risk of infectious diseases. Ports in each country are also responding to the risk of infectious diseases, but the occurrence of infectious diseases in ports of various countries is causing a lot of damage to the logistics of ports. Korea is in the same situation, and cases of infectious diseases in ports are steadily being announced. Therefore, this paper conducted semi-quantitative Bow-Tie risk assessment by substituting measures to cope with infectious disease risks in Korean ports into actual cases of port infectious diseases in Korea, deriving improvements and suggesting directions. As a result, it was concluded that it was necessary to standardize some of the countermeasures against infectious diseases and develop more countermeasures.
林國煥,李衒實,金營煥 대한보건협회 1994 대한보건연구 Vol.20 No.2
우리나라 의료폐기물의 발생량과 처리실태를 파악하기 위하여 서울시 일부 종합병원을 조사하고, 관계기관에서 간행한 통계자료를 분석하였다. 의료폐기물의 종류에 따른 우리나라의 관련법규를 살펴보았으며 적출물을 중심으로한 연도별, 지역별, 종류별 폐기물의 발생량, 적출물 처리시설의 현황, 그리고 적출물 종류에 따른 처리방법을 조사하였다. 연도별 적출물의 발생량은 1987년에 비해 1990년에는 약 2배로 증가하였고 1993년에는 약 8배인 7,268톤이 발생하였다. 서울시에 소재한 6개 종합병원에서 발생한 적출물은 병상당 1일 평균 480g이었다. 적출물의 구성을 내용별로 살펴보면 일회용주사기가 54.6%로 가장 많았고, 다음이 탈지면(38.2%), 태반(5.4%), 장기조직물(1.6%), 사태아(0.2%) 순으로 나타났다. 1993년 발생한 적출물 7,268톤 가운데 94.7%는 소각처리되었고, 기타 양여(2.7%), 재생(2.1%), 매몰(0.4%) 및 본인양도(0.1%) 순이었다. 이를 위한 처리비용은 1994년말 현재 사지는 6,300원, 장기는 2,480원으로 책정되는 등 21개 항목이 의료수가로 인정 받고 있었다. 우리나라의 1993년 적출물 처리시설은 지정업소수가 128개, 소각시설 127개, 화장장 36개, 매몰장 3개소이었으며, 적출물 처리에 관한 지도단속 상황을 살펴보면 1993년도에 26,485개 대상의료기관을 점검하여 487건의 행정처분과 6건의 고발이 이루어졌으며, 123개 적출물처리 업소를 대상으로 점검이 이루어져 16건의 행정처분과 4건의 고발조치건이 있었다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the management of medical waste in Korea. For this research six hospitals were surveyed pertaining to the amount of infectious waste produced and disposal systems, and the data collected from medical facilities were analyzed. The results were as follows: 1. The amount of infectious medical waste in 1987 was 886 tons, and it increased to 1,857tons and to 7,268tons in 1990 and in 1993 respectively. 2. In 1993, the total amount of medical waste produced by all medical institutes in Korea was 7,268tons. Disposable syringes constituted 54.6% of the total amount, followed by cotton;38.2%, placenta;5.4%, human tissue;1.6%, and still born fetus;0.2%. 3. In 1993, 2,995tons of medical waste were produced by 70 general hospitals in Seoul, which means 277g per bed per day. In six general hospitals surveyed, the daily average were 480g per bed. 4. Considering the number of the disposal facilities investigated, licenced facilities were 128, combustion facilities 36, and landfill areas three. The number of incinerators was 127 in total, among which 114 were in hospitals and 13 were in licenced companies. 5. The disposal methods were combustion;94.7%, concession;2.7%, recyling;2.1%, landfill;0.4%, and donation for research;0.1%. 51.2% of placenta were conceded for phamacological purpose and 44.4% were combusted. Most of the disposable syringes and the cottons were combusted. 6. The government authorities inspected 26,845 medical institutes, and took administrative actions against 487 institutes, and prosecuted six institutes in 1993. Among 123 licenced facilities inspected, 16 licenced facilities were given administrative measures and four were prosecuted.
임국환,배은상,김영환,김광종 한국환경보건학회 1991 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.17 No.1
Interest in the studies of diesel exhaust emission has been increasing by the expected increase in the use of diesel powered automobiles out of concideration of fuel economy. It was well known that diesel exhaust emission was mutagenic in the bioassay as Ames test. The authors tried to find out the cytogenetic effect of diesel exhaust emission by the operational condition of engine such as speed and load. For the investigation of those effects, 66 male mice of ICR strain were used. The benzene-ethanol extracts of diesel exhaust emission were injected intra peritoneum 25rng/kg and 50mg/kg respectively. To evaluate the cytogenetic effect, mouse bone marrow micronucleus test was carried out. The frequency of micronucleus was different among the various groups according to the operational conditions of engine. The frequency of micronucleus in idling group was the highest of all the groups the subgroup of 50mg/kg showed the rate of 1.30%, 25rng/kg subgroup 0.55%. And the group of 2000rpm with 50% load showed the lowest rate of micronucleus appearance as 0.20% and 0.15%. In general, the frequency of micronucleus was shown higher in propotion to load and was shown inversely proportional to speed.
유산균 발효유가 콜레스테롤을 투여한 백서(흰쥐)에 미치는 영향
임국환,김종규,한정희 한국환경보건학회 1993 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.19 No.1
Effects of fermented milk were tested in Sprague-Dawley male rats. In six treatment 150 rats were fed for 12 months: (1) normal control synthetic pellets+water, (2) cholesterol control synthetic pellets containing 1% of cholesterol and 500, 000 IU of vitamin D2/100 g (cholesterol pellets) +water, (3) cholesterol pellets+25% fermented milk, (4) cholesterol pellets+50% fermented milk, (5) cholesterol pellets+75% fermented milk, (6) cholesterol pellets+100% fermented milk. In 3, 6, 9, 12 months, rats were sacrificed for analysis of samples. Rats received the fermented milk had significantly lower (p<0.05) serum cholesterol levels and higher ratios of HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol than did the water fed rats. Stomach, heart, abdominal aorta and kidney of rat from fermented milk group showed slighter calcification or necrosis than did those of rat from cholesterol control group. Weight gain, diet intake, and drink consumption were significantly different among groups. Results indicate that fermented milk had a helpful effect of experimental hypercholesteremia and atherosclerosis.