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생체 이식형 효소 기반 바이오 연료전지 연구의 최근 동향
이강진,Phan Gia Le,김문일 한국생물공학회 2021 KSBB Journal Vol.36 No.4
Enzymatic biofuel cell has been recognized as a sustainable and environmentally-friendly energy source, that is based on enzymatic catalysis to generate electric power from diverse bioresources rather than fossil energy sources. The biofuels for the enzymatic biofuel cell are generally carbohydrate relatives, such as glucose, sucrose, fructose, alcohols, organic acids, and organic salts, which are present within physiological fluids of living organisms. Thus, the enzymatic biofuel cell has been intensively investigated as a power source of implantable devices, which utilize the infinite biomoleculetype energy sources in living organisms, including plants, animals, as well as human. To highlight the research progress of implantable enzymatic biofuel cell, this review discusses the component and structure of biofuel cell, its electivity-generating mechanism, and recent research studies of implantable applications on plant, animal, and human. Finally, we address the current challenges with possible solutions, as well as future prospects of the implantable enzymatic biofuel cell.
The Usefulness of Rectified VEMP
이강진,김민수,손은진,임혜진,방정환,강재구 대한이비인후과학회 2008 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.1 No.3
Objectives. For a reliable interpretation of left-right difference in Vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP), the amount of sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) contraction has to be considered. Therefore, we can ensure that a difference in amplitude between the right and left VEMPs on a patient is due to vestibular abnormality, not due to individual differences of tonic muscle activity, fatigue or improper position. We used rectification to normalize electromyograph (EMG) based on pre-stimulus EMG activity. This study was designed to evaluate and compare the effect of rectification in two conventional ways of SCM contraction. Methods. Twenty-two normal subjects were included. Two methods were employed for SCM contraction in a subject. First, subjects were made to lie flat on their back, lifting the head off the table and turning to the opposite side. Secondly, subjects push with their jaw against the hand-held inflated cuff to generate cuff pressure of 40 mmHg. From the VEMP graphs, amplitude parameters and inter-aural difference ratio (IADR) were analyzed before and after EMG rectification. Results. Before the rectification, the average IADR of the first method was not statistically different from that of the second method. The average IADRs from each method decreased in a rectified response, showing significant reduction in asymmetry ratio. The lowest average IADR could be obtained with the combination of both the first method and rectification. Conclusion. Rectified data show more reliable IADR and may help diagnose some vestibular disorders according to amplitude- associated parameters. The usage of rectification can be maximized with the proper SCM contraction method.