改新敎 宣敎와 韓國女性 開化

李孝再 崇實大學校 1977 論文集 Vol.7 No.1

여성과 통일

이효재 한국여신학자협의회 1991 한국여성신학 Vol.- No.5

한국여성 운동사 100년

이효재 동덕여자대학교 1998 젠더연구 Vol.- No.3

[海外文獻抄錄] Alveolus에서의 전해질 이온의 수송

이효재 대한치과의사협회 1978 대한치과의사협회지 Vol.16 No.7

인간과 환경

이효재 이화여자대학교 환경문제연구소 1973 환경교육시리이즈 Vol.- No.1

家外活動女性의 出産行爲 및 態度에 關한 硏究

李效再,李東瑗 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1975 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.25 No.-

1. In this survey it was uncovered that the average age of first marriage of women with outside-home activities was 25 years and their average number of pregnancies was 4.0. The average number of their live births was 2.5 while the number of their living children, on average, was 2.4:1.3 sons and 1.2 daughters. The average number of induced abortion practiced was 0.98. In general this survey revealed that the fertility of women with outside-home activities was lower than average women. However, considering the high level of education of women in this survey, it seems somewhat early to conclude that their fertility is lower; this should be re-examined in a more controlled survey in the future. Between the employed women and those in voluntary organizational activities, there is a clear difference of fertility. Considering the fact that women participating in voluntary organizational activities are actually in similar conditions as the average women, it can be said women's occupational activities are closely related with their fertility behavior. 2. The degree of knowledge of contraceptives that women with outside-home activities have is higher than that of average women. Also, the order of contraceptive methods according to their degree of knowledge is different from that of average women. Women participating in outside-home activities know on the average of 5.1 kinds of contraceptive methods, which is higher than the average women (Seoul: 1.12, urbanities: 0.90, women with education higher than senior high school: 4.03). The contraceptives that women with outside-home activities know about fall in the following order: oral pills, the rhythm method, condom, and vasectomy, whereas the average women know about the loop, condom, and oral pills, in that order. 3. Both women of outside-home activities and the average women highly approve of contraceptives. Concerning induced abortion, however, they show opposite attitudes. The average women give a somewhat positive response to induced abortion as 46% of them approve of it, while 41% disapprove. In case of those women participating in outside-home activities, induced abortion is generally negated-only 17% of them approve and the majority (66.4%) disapprove. 4. Though women of outside-home activities are generally negative toward induced abortion, the rate of their actual practice of induced abortion is higher than that of average women. Furthermore, when questioned " Will you have an induced abortion when it is an unplanned pregnancy?", a large majority of them (66.0%) answered that would, and only 13.3% of them answered they would give birth. From this, it can be observed that even though those women with outside-home activities basically have a negative attitude toward induced abortion, they actually practice a high rate of induced abortion. 5. Much more women of outside-home activities use contraceptive methods than the average women. 80% of them have had the experience of using contraceptives while 44% of the average women have. Also, a higher rate of women with outside-home activities, than the average women, are at present using contraceptives. 6. Women of outside-home activities are somewhat more acceptant of sterilization as 13% of them practice it, which is higher than the 3% of the average women who do. Among these women, 4.9% (tubal ligation, 2.9% or 17 women, and vasectomy, 1.7% or 10 men) directly used the permanent contraceptive method without ever using other methods. 54.6% of those women in outside-home activities approved of vasectomy, higher than the 42.8% of them who approved of tubal ligation.

기자의 시각 / 시화호의 실패

이효재 한국지방행정연구원 1999 지방포럼 Vol.1 No.-

한국 여성 노동주기(Work Cycle)에 관한 연구

李效再 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1986 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.49 No.-

Introduction 1. Industrialization and Characteristics of Women's Labor Participation 2. Structure of Women's Work Cycle 3.Employment process of Single Migrant Women 4. Marriage and Work Cycle. 5. Changing Consciousness of Women Workers and Work Cycle Conclusion Bibliography The structural characteristics of women's labor participation in Korean industrialization which began early in 1960 has been that the bulk of young single women from the rural sector turned into a major labor force for export manufacturing and that their labor participation in the formal sector is limited to the lowest rank of simple, repetive skilled jobs. And also their employment is generally short and temporary until marriage. Women's marital status also their employment is generally short and temporary until marriage. Women's marital status is a crucial factor pushing women workers out of the formal sector and marginalizing most of them as informal workers of various categories. This trend evidences sex discrimination in employment and wage structure. Such a discriminatory structure of women labor has been a prevailing feature of working class women's work cycle at the individual level, particularly for migrants form the agricultural sector. Therefore, the experiences of young women workers who are going through the cycle of industrial labor, marriage and the reproductive role combined with income earning activities in the informal or formal sector, draws our research interest as a pertinent problem area as they are excluded from the benefits of development. This research takes a longitudinal approach to women's work cycle in order to supplement the understanding and knowledge of the structural characterics of women's work cycle, and also to provide clearer picture of women's labor particiation, which generally is analyzed only through statical data, with concrete and vivid stories of women's experiences. Furthermore, in view of the general educational level of young workers rising and the changing demoraphic structure affecting the supply of young workers declining already shown in workers seeking employment, it is expected that in the near future the export industries will have to change their employment policy form favoring young single girls to one focusing on married women. Therefore, the companies will have to improve their labor conditions making them favorable for job stability and continuity after marriage. In view of these changing factors, it is the concern of this research to understand to what extend industrial women workers are showing changes in their consciousness with regard to labor. How do they conceive their changing roles as industrial workers fr family and society, with their increased educational level? To what extent may one expect young women workers to adapt their life and work to the changing structural demands, breaking out of the constraints of the traditional work cycle? How aware and ready are they to demand changes in the discriminatory conditions that would allow then\m to attain job stability and continuity? What in their view, are the factiors hindering the improvement of discriminatory conditions and the realization of woman's rights as worker and citizen? These problems are dealt with by focusing particularly on production workers employed in high-tech industries as they are expected to spear-head such changes under the impact of the intensifying industrialization. With these problems to examine this research has selected the method of case study with in-depth interview in order to approach women's work cycle from the longitudinal perspective. In selecting the case samples, the following factors had to be taken into consideration. Assuming that the structural model of women's work cycle has emerged largely from the labor participation of young, single girl migrants from the rural areas, and that stages of Korean industrialization have changed form an emphasis on light export industries between 1962-75 to heavy industries with strategic intensification of high-tech from 1976 to the 80's, the interview cases are selected from two age groups, namely those in the thirties and those in their twenties. Expecting that those in the first age group have married and been pushed out of the formal sector, cases have been sought among the informal sector workers. And the young workers are selected form the formal sector purposely drawn from electronics and semi-conductor industries. Due to the time-consuming nature of in-depth interviews requiring a series of meetings with each worker, the interview sample is a small group of 36. Because of the sample size, the findings are not sued as the basis for any generalization about future trends of change in women's work cycle. They are presented as descriptive data to contribute to the understanding of possible changes taking place in the consciousness of young workers with regard to their work and life as sell as the changing demands of their relation to industry and the family.

Combine Harvest Scheduling Program for Rough Rice Using Max-coverage Algorithm

이효재,김훈,김의웅,한재웅 한국농업기계학회 2013 바이오시스템공학 Vol.38 No.1

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop an optimal combine scheduling program using Max-Coverage algorithm which derives the maximum efficiency for a specific location in harvest seasons. Methods: The combine scheduling program was operated with information about combine specification and farmland. Four operating types (Max-Coverage algorithm type, Boustrophedon path type, max quality value type, and max area type) were selected to compare quality and working capacity. Result: The working time of Max-Coverage algorithm type was shorter than others, and the total quality value of Max-Coverage algorithm and max quality value type were higher than others. Conclusion: The developed combine scheduling program using Max-Coverage algorithm will provide optimal operation and maximum quality in a limited area and time.

女性의 능력개발과 社會意識

李效再 한국외국어대학여자동창회 1975 비둘기 Vol.1 No.-