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홍석경,홍성관<SUP>1<.SUP>,홍석준,Suk Kyung Hong,M.D.,Sung Kwan Hong,M.D.<SUP>1<.SUP> and Suk Joon Hong,M.D. 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2003 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.3 No.2
Purpose: A retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy is theoretically the ideal procedure for an adrenalectomy. However, it is not popular due to its technical difficulty. Herein, we report our experience with retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomies and describe the difficulties encountered during the operations. Methods: From November 1996 to October 1999, a total of 41 retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomies were performed. Forty (40) patients had a unilateral adrenal tumor (size: 1∼6 cm): 21 aldosteronomas, 12 Cushing adenomas, 3 neurogenic tumors, 2 nonfunctioning adenomas, 1 vascular cyst, and 1 angiomyolipoma of the kidney. One (1) had bilateral hyperplasia. The operations were carried out in prone position in all cases with 3 trochars. Results: Thirty five (35) operations were completed endoscopically. Five were converted to open procedures, and one was converted to a transperitoneal laparoscopic approach. The causes of conversion were 1 severe subcutaneous emphysema, 2 technical difficulties, 1 bleeding, 1 partial nephrectomy, and 1 missing tumor. The average operating time for the complete endoscopic adrenalectomies was 183 minutes in the first 14 cases and 142 minutes in the next 21 cases. There was no operative morbidity or mortality. The average hospital stay was 4.3 days in the first 14 cases and 2.8 days in the next 21 cases. Conclusion: A retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy is a less invasive procedure than any other adrenalectomy procedure, and its only disadvantage is technical difficulty. However, the technical difficulty can be overcome with increasing experience. (Korean J Endocrine Surg 2003;3:178-182)
$(Na_{1/2}{\;}La_{1/2})TiO_3$ 세라믹스의 고주파 유전특성
윤중락,홍석경,김경용,Yun, Jung-Rag,Hong, Suk-Kyung,Kim, Kyung-Yong 한국재료학회 1993 한국재료학회지 Vol.3 No.5
Microwave dielectric properties of $(Na_{1/2}{\;}La_{1/2})TiO_3$ (NLT) ceramics which is an A site complex perovskite structure are investigated. Dense sintered bodies are obtained when calcined at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 4h and then sintered in the temperature range between $1350^{\circ}{\;}and{\;}1450^{\circ}C$. NLT shows the bulk density of $4.95g/\textrm{cm}^3$, relative density of 96.4%, and a simple cubic structure with lattice constant(a) of 3.873$\AA$. Dielectric Constant(${\varepsilon}_r$) and quality factor Q increase as bulk density and average grain size increase respectively. NLT has the dielectric ${\varepsilon}_r=125$, Q=2842(fo=3 GHz), ${\tau}_f=465{\;}ppm/^{\circ}C$ when sintered at $1400^{\circ}C$ for 4h. A site 복합 페로브스카이트 구조인 $(Na_{1/2}{\;}La_{1/2})TiO_3$ 세라믹스의 고주파 유전특성을 조사하였다. $1000^{\circ}C$에서 4시간 하소하고 $1350^{\circ}{\;}~{\;}1450^{\circ}C$에서 소결했을 때 치밀한 소결체가 되었다. NLT의 겉보기 밀도는 $4.95g/\textrm{cm}^3$, 상대밀도는 96.4%였으며, 격자상수(a)가 $3.873{\AA}$인 단순 입방정 구조였다. NLT의 유전율은 밀도가 높아짐에 따라 증가하였고 품진계수 Q는 평균 결정립 크기가 커짐에 따라 증가하였다. $1400^{\circ}C$에서 4시간 소결한 NLT는 ${\varepsilon}_r=125$, Q=2842(fo=3 GHz), ${\tau}_f=465$의 유전특성을 나타내었다.
혈역학적으로 불안정한 골반 골절 환자에 있어서 외상팀 유무에 따른 생존율 비교
김지완(Ji Wan Kim),홍석경(Suk-Kyung Hong),경규혁(Kyu Hyouck Kyoung),최지호(Ji Ho Choi),김정재(Jung Jae Kim) 대한정형외과학회 2012 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.47 No.3
목적: 혈역학적으로 불안정한 골반 골절 환자에 있어서 외상팀 치료를 시행한 시점을 전후로 시기를 나누어 각 시기별 치료 결과의 차이를 알아보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 혈역학적으로 불안정한 골반 골절 환자를 대상으로 외상팀 가동 시작인 2009년 3월 이전을 1기, 가동 이후를 2기로 하여 구분하였다. 의료진의 진료 시작까지 소요된 시간, 지혈을 위해 시행한 치료 방법 및 소요 시간, 수혈량, 사망률을 조사하였다. 결과: 진료 시작까지 소요된 시간은 1기의 경우 5시간 48분, 2기의 경우 57분으로 줄어들었으며, 환자가 응급실에 도착한 이후 지혈을 위한 처치 시행까지 소요된 시간은 1기의 경우 14.4시간, 2기의 경우 4.2시간이었다. 수혈량은 1기의 경우 41.1 unit인 반면, 2기의 경우 13.2 unit로 1/3 수준으로 감소되었다. 1기에서 7명의 환자 중 4명(57.1%)이 사망하였던 반면, 2기에는 7명 중 1명(14.3%)만이 사망하였다. 결론: 혈역학적으로 불안전한 골반 골절이 있는 외상 환자의 경우 외상팀의 진료는 환자의 치료 방침을 결정하는 데 시간을 단축시키고 적극적인 지혈 치료를 통해 수혈량을 감소시켜 사망률을 현저히 감소시킬 수 있었다. Purpose: To compare the clinical results of hemodynamically unstable patients diagnosed with pelvic ring injury according to the presence of a trauma team. Materials and Methods: Patients with hemodynamically unstable pelvic fracture were enrolled in the study and were divided into two groups: Group Ⅰ, patients who were managed before March 2009, when there was no trauma team; and Group Ⅱ, patients who were managed after March 2009, when emergent trauma team began to work. Data were collected regarding the time the trauma team began patient management, the treatment modality used to control bleeding, transfusion requirement, and patient mortality. Results: The time when the trauma team began patient management was fi ve hours and 48 minutes in Group Ⅰ and 57 minutes in Group Ⅱ. The time to definitive treatment in order to control bleeding in Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ was 14.4 hours and 4.2 hours, respectively. The amount of the transfusion was 41.1 unit in Group Ⅰ and 13.2 unit in Group Ⅱ patients. In Group Ⅰ, four patients (57.1%) died, although only one of the seven patients in Group Ⅱ (14.3%) died. Conclusion: Using a multidisciplinary approach, the trauma team has only a short amount of time to determine their treatment strategy and to achieve prompt management of bleeding, with the fi nal objective to decrease the mortality rate in patients with hemodynamically unstable pelvic fractures.
양성수 ( Song Soo Yang ),홍석경 ( Suk Kyung Hong ) 대한외상학회 2008 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.21 No.2
Purpose: Supraventricular arrhythmia is a well-known complication of cardiothoracic surgery, and is common in patients wirth underlying cardiovascular disease. Also, it`s treatment and prognosis are well known. However the incidence, the contributing factors, and the prognosis for supraventricular arrhythmias in noncardiothoracic surgical patients are less well known. This study was undertaken to investigate the incidence, the clinical presentation, the prognosis, and the factors comtributing to the prognosis for supraventricular arrhythmia in the surgical intensive care unit. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 34 patients with newly developed or aggravated supraventricular arrhythmias in the surgical intensive care unit between March 2004 and February 2005. The incidence, the risk factors, and the prognosis of supraventricular arrhythmias were analyzed. Results: During a 12month period, the incidence of supraventricular arrhythmia was 1.79% (34/1896). Most patients had pre-existing cardiovascular disease and sepsis. The mortality rate was 29.4%, and the most common cause of death was multiple organ failure due to septic shock. The mean value of the APACHE II score was 20.9, and the surgical intensive care unit and the hospital lengths of stay were 9.9 days and 25.8 days, respectively. The APACHE II score measured when the arrhythmia developed was a significant factor in predicting mortality, Conclusion: Supraventricular arrhythmias result in increased mortality and increased length of stay in both the surgical intensive care unit and the hospital. The arrhythmia itself did not cause death, but a high APACHE II score incicated a poor prognosis. This may reflect the severity of the illness rather than an independent contributor to mortality. (J Korean Soc Traumatol 2008;21:85-90)
혈역학적으로 불안정한 골반외상 환자의 치료를 통해 본 외상전문의의 필요성
신성 ( Sung Shin ),경규혁 ( Kyu Hyuk Kyung ),김지완 ( Ji Wan Kim ),김정재 ( Jung Jae Kim ),홍석경 ( Suk Kyung Hong ) 대한외상학회 2009 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.22 No.2
Purpose: Pelvic trauma is a serious skeletal injury with high mortality. Especially in cases of severe injury trauma, treatment outcomes depend on early diagnosis and intervention. We expect trauma surgeon to play an important role in the management of severe multiple trauma patients. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on pelvic trauma patients with hemodynamic instability between March 2005 and September 2009. We divided the time period into period I (March 2005~Feburary 2009) and period II (March 2009~September 2009). The trauma surgeon and team started to work from period II. Data were collected regarding demographic characteristics, mechanism of injury, type of pelvic fracture, ISS (injury severity score), treatment modality, transfusion requirement, time to definitive treatment, and mortality. Results: During period I, among 7 hemodynamically unstable patients, 4(57.1%) patients died. However during Period II, only one of 6(16.6%) patients died. The demographic data and injury scores showed no differences between the two time periods, but the time to definitive treatment was very short with trauma team intervention(14.4 hrs vs. 3.9 hrs). Also, the amount of transfusion was less(41.1 U vs. 13.9 U). With arterial embolization, early pelvic external fixation led to less transfusion and made patients more stable. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the importance of the trauma surgeon and the trauma team in cases of hemodynamically unstable pelvic trauma. Even with the same facility and resources, an active trauma team approach can increase the survival of severely injured multiple trauma patients. (J Korean Soc Traumatol 2009;22:254-259)