Effects of Frequency of Meals on Energy Utilization and Body Composition of Sheep Ingesting Diets of Equal Amount

한인규,Han, In-K. 한국응용생명화학회 1967 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.8 No.1

등량(等量)의 사료(飼料)로서 급식회수(給食回數)를 달리 했을때 면양(緬羊)의 증체(增體), 영양소(營養素)의 소화율(消化率), 열량이용성(熱量利用性), 체조직(體組織)의 화학성분(化學成分)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 연구(硏究)하기 위하여 32두(頭)의 면양(緬羊)으로 두개(個)의 실험(實驗)을 하였든바 그 성적(成績)은 다음과 같다. (1) 영양소(營養素)의 소화율(消化率) 및 ME가(價)에 있어서 1 일(日) 1회(回) 8급식구(給食區), 1 일(日) 8회급식구(回給食區), 1 일(日) 1회급식(回給食)+7회첨수구(回添水區)사이에 하등(何等)의 차이(差異)가 발견(發見)되지 않았다. (2) 매대사체중당(每代射體重當) 열발생량(熱發生量)은 1 일(日) 8회구(回區)가 1회구(回區)보다 훨씬 적었다. (3) 1 일(日) 8회구(回區)보다 증체량(增體量)이 더 많았다. (4) 1 일(日) 8회구(回區)의 경우 체단백질(體蛋白質), 지방(脂肪), 에너지의 증가(增加)가 1회구(回區)보다 훨씬 왕성하였다. (5) 증체(增體)된 부분(部分)의 체조성(體組成) 변화(變化)를 보면 1회구(回區)의 경우에 훨씬 많은 량(量)의 지방(脂肪), 단백질(蛋白質), 광물질(鑛物質)이 비축되었다. (6) 급식회수(給食回數)가 위에서 본바와 같은 영향을 일으키는 생리적기전(生理的機轉)의 일부(一部)가 설명(說明)되었다. Two experiments with 32 sheep were conducted to study the effects of feeding the same amount of diet per day at different meal frequencies on ration digestibility, energy utilization, rate of gain, body composition and efficiency of gain. The results obtained are as follows: (1) The ingestion by sheep of the same amount of feed per day in 8 meals, 1 meal plus 7 ruminal inflations-deflations, and in 1 meal caused no different effect in the digestibility of the nutrients and energy, or the ME value of the diet. (2) Heat production per unit of metabolic size per unit of dietary intake was markedly lower for sheep ingesting 8 meals or administered 1 meal plus 7 ruminal inflations-deflations per day than for sheep fed 1 meal per day. (3) Body weight gain was significantly greater by sheep fed 8 meals per day or 1 meal plus 7 ruminal inflations-deflations than by those fed 1 meal per day. However, the gain in DM and energy of wool was not affected by frequency o( meals. (4) Sheep ingesting 8 meals or administered 1 meal plus 7 ruminal inflations-deflations per day gained body protein, fat and energy at a more rapid and efficient rate than sheep fed 1 meal per day. (5) Sheep fed 8 meals per day gained greater proportion of fat, protein and ash in the gained portion of the bodies than did 1 meal fed sheep. (6) An attempt was made to establish the possible explanations by which the frequency of ingesting meals exerts its effects.

액상사료의 효율적인 이용과 문제점

한인규,Han, In-Gyu 대한양돈협회 1987 養豚 Vol.9 No.12

한국 산야초의 성분

한인규,Han, In-Gyu 한국과학기술단체총연합회 1971 과학과 기술 Vol.4 No.4

폐쇄적플랫폼에서 오픈환경으로진화

한인규,Han, In-Gyu 한국데이터베이스진흥원 2005 디지털콘텐츠 Vol.11 No.-

이동전화가단순히음성을송수신하는데에서데이터를전송하는방향으로진화하면서 인터넷과이동통신이결합되는현상이나타나게됐다. 초기에는데이터전송속도가 14.4Kbps(IS-95A)에불과했지만퀄컴의MSM3000 칩이출시된이후1999년에는 평균64Kbps, 최대전송속도115Kbps의IS-95B로발전하게됐다.

산란계에 대한 칼슘 공급제의 사료가치 비교시험 2 . 칼슘 공급수준이 산란율 , 난각질 및 사료효율에 미치는 영향

한인규,이규호,이상진,강태홍,권관 ( In K . Han,Kyu H . Lee,Sang J . Lee,Tae H . Kang,K . Kwon ) 한국축산학회 1981 한국축산학회지 Vol.23 No.3

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of various levels of dietary calcium (1.75%, 2.25%, 2.75%, 3.25% and 3.75%) on laying performances. Experiment was carried out with 1500 White Leghorn layers for a period of 22 weeks. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1 . Egg production rate and feed. efficiency were significantly (p$lt;0.05) improved as the calcium level of diet increased, however, there were no significant differences between 3.25% and 3.75% of calcium level in egg production rate and feed efficiency. 2. Average egg weight was not influenced by the levels of calcium in the diets. 3. Ratios of egg shell thickness and shell weight to egg weight were significantly (p$lt;0.05) increased as the calcium level of diet increased, however, there were no significant differences in egg shell qualities between 3.25% and 3.75% of calcium level. 4. No difference was found either in calcium and phosphorus contents of tibia or in nutrient utilizability of experimental diets. However, calcium utilizability was highest at 2.75% of dietary calcium level. Based on the above results it may be concluded that the laying performance and feed efficiency could be improved by increasing the calcium level in diet up to 3.25%.

이유자돈 및 육성비육돈사료에 있어서 L - lysine 의 첨가에 의한 단백질 절약효과

한인규,권관,나기현,유문일 ( In K . Han,K . Kwon,Ki H . Ra,Moon I . Yoo ) 한국축산학회 1978 한국축산학회지 Vol.20 No.6

In order to study the protein sparing effect of l-lysine from weanling pig to market weight, a series of feeding and metabolism trials was conducted. In experiment 1, a total of 192 three way crossbred pigs (Landrace x Large White x Duroc) weighing app. 10 ㎏ initially were used for four weeks to determine the effect of supplemental lysine when added to a low protein diets. In experiment 2, a total of 120 three way crossbred pigs were used for 11 weeks from 28 ㎏ to 90 ㎏. The results obtained are as follows: (1) It was found that the dietary protein level of 18% fed during period of 10 to 23㎏ was adequate for the daily gain and feed efficiency. Pigs fed the dietary protein level of 20% were not different in rate of gain and teed efficiency with pigs fed the dietary protein level of 18%. When pig were fed the dietary protein level of 16% + 0.2% l-lysine, rate of gain was similar to pigs fed the dietary protein level of 18%, but feed efficiency was slightly improved, In economic analysis, feed cost required per ㎏. of body weight gain was less for pigs fed the dietary protein level of 16% + 0.2% l-lysine than other levels. Therefore, it was apparent that weanling pig diets supplemented with 0.2% l-lysine was able to spare 2% of dietary protein. (2) The dietary protein level of 16% was adequate for growing pigs from 28 to 53 ㎏. Rate of gain and feed efficiency of pigs fed the dietary protein level of 14% + 0.2% l-lysine was similar to pigs fed dietary protein level of 16%.There were no difference in digestibility and nitrogen retention of diets supplemented with 0.2% l-lysine with other dietary protein level. Therefore, diets supplemented with 0.2% l-lysine could spare 2% of dietary protein for the growers. (3) The dietary protein level of 14% was adequate for finishing pigs from 53 to 90 ㎏. In the rate of gain, pig fed the dietary protein level of 12% supplemented with 0.2% l-lysine was slightly higher, but improved effect in rate of gain during finishing period was somewhat lower than growing period. However, improvement in feed efficiency during finishing period for l-lysine fed group was more remarkable than in rate of gain. Digestibility and nitrogen retention of diets by adding 0.2% l-lysine were not affected. (4) Although there was no significant difference, dressing percentage and back fat thickness was slightly increased, and loin aye area was slightly decreased when pigs were fed dietary protein level of 14% supplemented with 0.2% l-lysine from 28 to 53 ㎏ and 12% supplemented with 0.2% l-lysine from 53 to 90 ㎏. (5) In economic analysis feed cost required per ㎏ of body weight gain for pig fed the dietary protein level of 14-12% supplemented with 0.2% l-lysine was less than that for those fed the other dietary proten levels. Based on the above mentioned results, it may be concluded that adequate level of dietary protein for weanling-growing-finishing pig would be 18-16-14%. It would also be clear that supplementation of l-lysine at 0.2% level in the pig rations from weanling to market weight might be able to spare 2% of dietary protein.

육성돈에 대한 Mecadox 의 단백질절약 및 성장촉진효과

한인규,유문일,권관 ( In K . Han,Moon I . Yoo,K . Kwon ) 한국축산학회 1979 한국축산학회지 Vol.21 No.6

In order to study the protein sparing and growth promoting effect of mecadox for growing pigs, a total of 160 three way crossbred pigs (Landrace x Duroc x Large White) weighing approximately 11 ㎏ initially were used for a period of 12 weeks of feeding trial and metabolism trial. Experimental diets of two different level of dietary protein (high-19% or low-17% for weaned pig and high -17% or low-15% for growers) were fed with (50 ppm) or without (0 ppm) mecadox (carbodox : methyl- 3 - (2 -quinoxalinylmethylene carbazate-N¹, N⁴-dioxide)). (1) Although there was no statistically difference, pigs fed diets with 50 ppm of mecadox gained faster and more efficient than pigs fed unsupplemented diets regardless of protein level in the diet. Pigs fed the high protein level supplemented with mecadox resulted in best effects of gain and feed efficiency. (2) Rate of gain and feed efficiency of pigs fed the high dietary protein level of 19 % in weaning diet. and 17% in grower ration unsupplemented with mecadox were similar to pigs fed the low dietary protein level of 17% in weaning ration and 15% in grower ration supplemented with mecadox. The growth promoting effect of mecadox was remarkable for younger pigs than growers. (3) Digestibility of crude protein and crude fat was slightly improved and that of crude fiber was decreased when mecadox was added to growing diets. It was apparent that nitrogen retention rate of pigs receiving mecadox was slightly higher than unsupplemenred pigs. Based on the above results, it may be concluded that the addition of mecadox at 50 ppm level could improve the growth rate and feed efficiency from weanling pig to growing pig and that mecadox might have protein sparing effect up to 2% of total dietary protein for growing pigs.

옥피사료의 개발에 관한연구 1 . 옥피사료의 반추 미생물에 의한 in vitro 발효 및 in vivo 소화율 및 질소균형에 미치는 영향

한인규,손광수,정정수,박홍석 ( In K . Han,K . S . Sohn,C . S . Chung,H . S . Park ) 한국축산학회 1979 한국축산학회지 Vol.21 No.6

In an effort to develope a corn bran-based concentrate feed for growing Korean cattle, corn bran was used at the levels of 50%, 40, and 30% and the rest was supplemented with proper nutrients. Energy and nitrogen were supplemented with corn starch, molasses, corn germ meal and urea. Vitamines and mineral sources were also added in the mixture. As a preliminary step of evaluating the feeding value of these corn bran feed, an in vitro fermentation and an in vivo digestibility experiment were conducted. The results obtained were as follows 1. During the first 12 hours of in vitro fermentation production of acetic, propionic and butyric acid from the feed containing 50% corn bran was significantly (P$lt;0.05) lower than the control or other cornbran feeds. However, after 24 hours of fermentation there was no difference in the production of these acids except acetic and propionic acid that were significantly (P$lt;0.05) higher for the feed containing 30% corn bran than other. 2. Digestibility of crude fiber and ash was higher and ether extract v, as lower for the corn bran feeds than the control feed in general. As the corn bran level was lowered, digestibility of crude protein and nitrogen free extract was increased but digestibility of crude fiber and ether extract was decreased. 3. Total digestible nutrients (TDN) of the control, the feeds containing 50%, 40% and 30% corn bran were 56.68, 55.59, 58.02 and 58.27%, respectively. As the corn bran level was lowered, digestible nitrogen free extract was increased and that made TDN value higher but significantly lowered digestible crude fiber of the feed containing 30%, corn bran made its TDN value similar to that of the feed containing 40% corn bran. 4. During the collection period of the digestion trial, fecal excretion of nit rogen was lowest for the feed containing 30 % corn bran but urinary excretion of nitrogen was highest for the diet containing 50% corn bran. Nitrogen retention was about 12.0% of intake for the diet containing 50 % corn bran and about 20.0 % for the rest corn bran feeds and control feed. 5. Over all results, considering the fact that the digestibility of crude fiber was depressed and scouring problem was observed with the diet containing 30% corn bran, indicate that corn bran can be succesfully used at the level of 40% on more in a corn bran-based concentrate mixture for cattle feeding.

번식돈의 영양(1)

한인규,Han, In-Gyu 대한양돈협회 1984 養豚 Vol.6 No.9

돼지에 대한 비타민의 영양(2)

한인규,Han, In-Gyu 대한양돈협회 1984 養豚 Vol.6 No.8

비타민은 미량영양소로서 체내에서 여러가지 중요한 작용을 하여 가축이 정상적인 발육과 성장과 번식을 할 수 있도록 하여 준다. 앞으로 이들 미량영양소의 요구량에 대한 실제적인 권장량이 결정되어서 이들의 결핍에 의한 손실을 줄여야 되겠다.