임플란트 매식조건에 따른 상, 하악골의 응력분포 양상에 대한 3차원 유한요소분석 연구

최정화,서기열,최주호,한중석,Choi, Jeong-Hwa,Seo, Ki-Youl,Choi, Joo-Ho,Han, Jung-Suk 대한치과보철학회 1999 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.37 No.5

A finite element analysis has been utilized to analyze stress and strain fields and design a new configuration in orthopedics and implant dentistry. Load transfer and stress analysis at implant bone interface are important factors from treatment planning to long term success. Bone configuration and quality are different according te anatomy of expecting implantation site. The purpose of this study was to compare the stress distribution in maxilla and mandible accord-ing to implant length and bone engagement types. A three dimensional axi-symmetric implant model(Nobel Biocare, Gothenburg, Sweden) with surrounding cortical and cancellous bone were designed to analyze the effects of bone engagement and implant length on stress distribution. ANSYS 5.5 finite element program was utilized as an interpreting toot. Three cases of unicortical anchorage model with 7, 10, 13 mm length and four cases of bicortical anchorage model with 5, 7, 10 and 13 mm length were compared both maxillary and mandibular single implant situation. Within the limits of study, following conclusions were drawn. 1. There is a difference in stress distribution according to cortical and cancellous bone thickness and shape. 2. Maximum stress was shown at the top of cortical bone area regardless of bone engagement types. 3. Bicortical engagement showed less stress accumulation when compared to unicortical case overall. 4. Longer the implant future length, less the stress on cortical bone area, however there is no difference in mandibular bicortical engagement case.

화공안전분야 : 입도에 따른 셀룰로오스 단열재의 연소특성에 관한 연구

최정화,김홍 ( Jeong Hwa Choi,Hong Kim ) 한국안전학회(구-한국산업안전학회) 1996 `96 추계학술연구발표회 Vol.- No.-

當歸飮子加蟾수가 皮膚癌細胞(A431)의 細胞毒性에 미치는 影響

최정화,Choi, Jeong-Hwa 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 1996 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.9 No.1

The purpose of this research was to investigate effect of water extract of DangKwi-Eum-Ja ka Sumsoo(DESE) on the cytotoxicity of human epidemloid cell, A431 cells. The effects of DESE on the proliferation of A431 cells, Balb/c 3T3 cells, mouse thymocytes and splenocnes were estimated by MTT colorimetric assay, and nitric oxide production from mouse peritoneal macrophage was estimated by Griess method. DESE inhibited the proliferation of A431 cells at $10{\mu}g/ml$, and did not affect the proliferation of Balb/c 3T3 cells. DESE decreased the cytotoxicity of mitomycin C or cisplatin on A431 cells, increased the cytotoxicity of mitomycin C or cisplatin on Balb/c 3T3 cells. DESE inhibited the proliferation of mouse thymocytes and splenocytes at $100{\mu}g/ml$. DESE did not affect the nitric oxide production from mouse peritoneal macrophage in vitro, but decreased the nitric oxide production from DESE-treated mouse peritoneal macrophage.

논문 : 루돌프 오토의 『성스러움』이 탄생되기 전후의 맥락 -누미노제 개념의 기원을 찾아서

최정화 ( Jeong Hwa Choi ) 서울대학교 종교문제연구소 2012 종교와 문화 Vol.0 No.22

This article is concerned with the following question: Is "das Numinose" the core concept of Rudolf Otto`s main work Das Heilige ultimately Otto`s own invention or can it be traced back to the influence of other, previous scholars? It is the author`s aim to reconstruct the origin of this core concept and to thereby contextualize Otto`s work and his thoughts more profoundly. To find an answer to this question of origin I first attempt to review Otto`s own remarks and explanations on the concept of "das Numinose", turning my attention especially on his work Das Gefuhl des Uberweltlichen (Sensus Numinis). Second, I consider Otto`s journey to North Africa as the crucial moment of inspiration in his pursuit of understanding "the holy" and in eventually writing Das Heilige. Third, I propose a way to explain the historical embeddedness of the thoughts expressed therein within the Study of Religion as an academic field. By analyzing Das Heilige and Das Gefuhl des Uberweltlichen I came to realize that the category of "das Numinose" itself was preceeded by the idea of a "Sensus Numinis". The latter concept had been used for the first time by Nikolaus von Zinzendorf (1700-1760), leading figure of the Herrnhut Brethren, thus stemming from within the tradition of 18th century pietism. In this regard the origin and development of Das Heilige should be seen and understood as being rooted in and belonging to the tradition of Zinzendorf and Schleiermacher. Besides this connection I realized that Otto`s stay in North Africa should be regarded as the crucial moment when he, deeply impressed by his experience in a Moroccan synagogue, concluded that despite all observable differences between various religious traditions they were all at core related to each other by the notion of "the holy". Finally, I try to locate Otto within the history of the Study of Religion as an opponent to all theorizing about "primitive religion" as well as to Darwinism. His critique of these approaches is aimed mainly at the idea, that the origin of religion is to be found in primal human imagination. By formulating the concept of "das Numinose" Otto tried to find a way to develop a counter-concept against any such stances of anthropocentrism, thus emphasizing the idea that at the core of religion one is not to find human imagination but the eternal and uncreated "holy", that is "das Numinose".

임상간호사의 억압된 분노, 용서 및 삶의 질 간의 관계

최정화 ( Jeong Hwa Choi ),태영숙 ( Young Sook Tae ),허제은 ( Je Eun Heo ),김영숙 ( Young Suk Kim ) 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 2016 동서간호학연구지 Vol.22 No.1

Purpose: The study was to identify relationships among the Anger-in, Forgiveness, and Quality of Life in Clinical Nurses. Methods: Data were collected by questionnaires from 205 clinical nurses who worked at the 4 hospitals located in Busan. Data were collected from September 26 to October 10, 2013. Anger-in, Forgiveness, and Quality of Life were measured using a structured questionnaire. The instruments included Anger-in Scale, Forgiveness Scale, Quality of Life Scale. The collected data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, Scheffe test and Pearson’s correlation coefficients by SPSS/WIN 18.0 for windows. Results: There were significant correlations among anger-in and forgiveness(r=-.34, p<.001), anger-in and quality of life(r=-.33, p<.001), forgiveness and quality of life(r=.27, p<.001). There was a statistically significant difference in Anger-in of participants according to nurse’s satisfaction of job. Forgiveness showed significant different according to nurse’s perceived health status, belief of religion, turnover intension, and job satisfaction. Quality of life was significantly different according to nurse’s age, perceived health status, work period, work pattern, night duty, turnover intention, motivation of choice in nursing and job satisfaction. Conclusion: These results suggested that reducing anger-in level and enhancing forgiveness level would increase quality of life among clinical nurses.

르네 마그리트 회화의 영향을 받은 포스터 일러스트레이션에 관한 연구

최정화 ( Choi Jeong Hwa ) 한국디자인트렌드학회 2007 한국디자인포럼 Vol.16 No.-

초현실주의는 이성의 통제를 받지 않는 상태에서 사고의 참된 움직임을 표현하는 것으로 자신이 겪고 있는 좌절이나 갈등, 불안 등의 문제점들을 자유연상을 통하여 표출하게 되는 오토마티즘으로부터 기인한다. 이는 데페이즈망으로 연결되는데 오토마티즘을 보다 정교하게, 효과적으로 다듬어가는 과정에서 싹튼 것이라 할 수 있다. 이러한 데페이즈망을 르네 마그리트는 일상적 사물과 이미지의 비논리적인 병치를 보이는 초현실주의 회화를 통해 외부적 리얼리티의 세계를 넘어 절대적인 리얼리티의 세계인 초현실의 세계, 또는 그가 말한 `신비`의 세계로 들어갈 수 있도록 이끌었다. 초현실주의는 현재까지 다양한 형태로 우리 주위에서 접할 수 있을 만큼 예술전반에 지대한 영향을 미쳤는데 그 가운데에서도 포스터 일러스트레이션은 다른 무엇보다도 초현실주의적 기법을 가장 빈번하게 접할 수 있는 분야라고 볼 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 초현실주의 르네 마그리트 회화의 데페이즈망 기법을 분석하고, 이 기법의 이미지 결합방식에 초점을 두었다. 따라서 데페이즈망 표현기법을 이용하여 내적인 것을 시각화하는 창작의 방법론이 제시됨을 알 수 있으며, 향후 포스터 일러스트레이션의 아이디어 발상에 많은 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다. 초현실주의는 이성의 통제를 받지 않는 상태에서 사고의 참된 움직임을 표현하는 것으로 자신이 겪고 있는 좌절이나 갈등, 불안 등의 문제점들을 자유연상을 통하여 표출하게 되는 오토마티즘으로부터 기인한다. 이는 데페이즈망으로 연결되는데 오토마티즘을 보다 정교하게, 효과적으로 다듬어가는 과정에서 싹튼 것이라 할 수 있다. 이러한 데페이즈망을 르네 마그리트는 일상적 사물과 이미지의 비논리적인 병치를 보이는 초현실주의 회화를 통해 외부적 리얼리티의 세계를 넘어 절대적인 리얼리티의 세계인 초현실의 세계, 또는 그가 말한 `신비`의 세계로 들어갈 수 있도록 이끌었다. 초현실주의는 현재까지 다양한 형태로 우리 주위에서 접할 수 있을 만큼 예술전반에 지대한 영향을 미쳤는데 그 가운데에서도 포스터 일러스트레이션은 다른 무엇보다도 초현실주의적 기법을 가장 빈번하게 접할 수 있는 분야라고 볼 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 초현실주의 르네 마그리트 회화의 데페이즈망 기법을 분석하고, 이 기법의 이미지 결합방식에 초점을 두었다. 따라서 데페이즈망 표현기법을 이용하여 내적인 것을 시각화하는 창작의 방법론이 제시됨을 알 수 있으며, 향후 포스터 일러스트레이션의 아이디어 발상에 많은 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다. Expressing the true movement of thinking in the state of not being controlled by reason, surrealism originated from automatism, with which one expresses through free association problems like frustration, confliction, and anxiety etc. that he is undergoing. This is connected to Depaysment, which is given birth in the process of elaborating automatism more ingenuously and more efficiently. Through surrealistic paintings that show illogical parallelism between routine objects and images, Rene Magritte has led Depaysment as such to go beyond the world of external reality and enter into the surreal world, which is the world of absolute reality, or into what he has said to be the world of `mystery.` Surrealism has had such great influence on entire arts that we can meet it even currently in various forms, of which the poster illustration is the most frequently encountered field with surrealistic techniques. This paper analyzes Rene Magritte`Depaysment technique in his surrealistic paintings and has focused on it`s Image combination method. Thus, we can notice that Rene has presented the method of visualizing internal and mental things by using expression techniques of Depaysment. Furthermore, I hope that this paper would be helpful to the development of idea creation in poster illustration .

정기적인 찜질방 노출시의 노년남성과 노년여성의 생리반응 비교

최정화(Jeong-Hwa Choi),송은영(Eun-Young Song),김명주(Myung-Ju Kim) 한국생활환경학회 2010 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.17 No.1

Jjimjilbang is a kind of Korean style sauna with high temperature and dry humidity. This study was to investigate the effects of regular Jjimjilbang exposure with elderly physiological reactions. Twelve healthy volunteers were participated in this study. They were consisted of seven elderly females and five elderly males. Jjimjil training group took a bath in Jjimjilbang 19 times once a week (from May to November, 2005) in females and 26 times once a week (from May to December, 2006) in males. As the result, the degrees of the rectal temperature elevation have been decreased according to the exposure period. When the blood pressure between before and after exposure of Jjimjilbang were compared, the blood pressure after exposure of Jjimjilbang has been more decreased than that of before. The total sweat rates and % body fat of elderly females had reduced during the nineteen weeks. The lactate concentration in blood was get down after Jjimjilbang exposure rather than before.

대학생들의 정신건강과 인성교육을 위한 `건강생성론`과 그 적용 -안토노브스키의 `통합력(Sense of Coherence)`을 중심으로-

최정화 ( Choi Jeong-hwa ) 한국윤리교육학회 2017 윤리교육연구 Vol.0 No.44

대학생들의 정신건강과 인성교육을 위한 이론적 근거를 찾으며 본고에서는 아론안토노브스키가 창안한 `건강생성론(Salutogenesis)`에 주목한다. 건강생성론은 심신 건강에 관한 새로운 패러다임을 제시하여 건강을 증진시키는 요소에 대하여 관심을 기울인다. 대학생들이 받는 스트레스 상황과 인생 문제와 관련하여 일반적 내성자원과 강한 `통합력(Sense of Coherence)`을 가지고 문제를 해결할 수 있다. 통합력은 이해력, 관리력, 의미부여의 세 가지 측면으로 이루어진다. 강한 통합력을 지닌 사람은, 약한 통합력과 고착화된 통합력을 가진 사람들에 비해서 자신이 가진 다양한 내성자원을 사용하여 당면한 문제를 자율적으로 해결한다. 대학생들은 스트레스 직면 상황에서 빈곤한 내성자원에 대하여 불안감을 느끼고, 그들이 처한 다양한 현실에 대해서 효율적으로 대처하지 못하는 느낌을 가진다. 강한 통합력을 가진 사람은 문제를 해결한 후 긍정적인 피드백을 받고 그로 인해서 강인한 존재감과 자신감을 가지게 되고 차후의 문제에 직면하여 더 잘 해결하게 되는 선순환을 경험한다. 대학생들의 인성과 정신건강을 위하여 다양하고 구체적인 일반적 내성자원을 기르고 스트레스, 그리고 보다 큰 인생의 문제에 대하여 능동적으로 대처할 것이 권장된다. 교육자와의 긍정적 피드백 과정을 거치며 대학생들은 당면한 문제점을 직시하고 각자가 지닌 건강을 증진하는 요소와 강점들을 발견하게 된다. In order to develop a theoretical basis for the development of mental health and moral education of college students this article explores Aaron Antonovsky`s concept of `Sense of Coherence (SoC).` Antonovsky`s salutogenetic approach offers a new paradigm of mental and physical health inasmuch as it is focused on the various elements that are at play in the maintenance of a healthy state of being. The stress and manifold challenges which college students are confronted with in their lives can be overcome by means of what Antonovsky termed `Generalized Resistance Resources (GRR)` and a strong `Sense of Coherence.` The `Sense of Coherence` consists of three elements, which are 1) comprehensibility, 2) manageability and 3) meaningfulness. Having a strong SoC is shown to enable a person to use and apply his or her Generalized Resistance Resources (GRR) much more efficiently compared with persons possessing only a weak or damaged SoC. College students in stressful situations generally feel more anxious as they have fewer GRR and therefore often feel that they are more or less incapable of solving the problems that manifest themselves in these stressful situations. But those with a strong SoC can build up a stable personal identity and self-esteem through positive feedback, which is why in the next challenging situation they have to face they are better equipped with the power to overcome it and can make the experience of entering into a health-bolstering upward spiral. This article`s intention is to provide college students with advice on how to acquire various and concrete GRR and how to promote their personality development and mental health in order to overcome the ever tightening grip of stress and to become able to solve greater life challenges autonomously. Thus the students themselves will find health-maintaining - that is `salutogenetic` - life elements and personal strength in the actual process of solving problems.

종교사(history of religions)의 재발견. 역사적 종교연구의 학적전통과 방법론

최정화(Jeong-Hwa Choi) 한신대학교 종교와문화연구소(구 한신인문학연구소) 2013 종교문화연구 Vol.- No.20

이 논문은 종교학의 한 분과학문인 ‘종교사(history of religions)’의 전통과 방법론을 다루고 있다. 종교사는 개별 종교전통을 통시적으로 다루는 역사적인 방법으로서, 초창기 종교연구에서 중요한 역할을 담당했다. 이루 담론을 적극적으로 생산했던 종교현상학이나 비교종교학과 같은 종교학(science of religion)이 주도적인 위치를 담당하게 된 결과, 오늘날에는 방법론과 학적전통으로서의 ‘종교사’가 그다지 주목을 받고 있지 못하다. 그러나 종교에 대한 역사적인 접근은 실질적으로 종교학자들이 가장 많이 사용하는 방법 중 하나이기에, 학적전통으로서나 방법론으로서 종교사를 재조명하는 것은 전체 종교학의 정체성과 방법론에 대한 의미 있는 과제가 될 것이다. <br/> 본고는 종교사의 중요성을 이해하고 활성화를 바라는 입장에서, 첫째, 독일을 중심으로 해서 종교사의 자료가 편찬되고 종교학과가 설치되는 과정을 살펴보고, 둘째, 종교사 연구의 범위를 한정하고, 셋째, 사실과 해석에 대한 역사학 논의를 참고로 해서 해석을 하는 종교사가(宗敎史家)와 종교자료와의 관계를 고찰해 본다. 자료(종교)를 다루는 역사가(종교사가)는 늘 긴장관계에 있기 마련이다. 자료를 해석하는 과정에서 공시적인 연구의 대명사인 종교현상학과 대비시키면서 종교사의 특징을 부각시켜 보고자 한다. 끝으로 종교학자들이 다루는 사료의 종류와 그에 대한 필자의 접근방식을 하나의 예로 들고자 한다. This article is concerned with the tradition and methodology of the ‘history of religions’ as a subdiscipline within the study of religion. This academic discipline takes on an historical approach, which means that research on religious traditions is conducted to reconstruct and order its results in a diachronic way. it played a particularly important role during the founding years of the academic study of religion and has a longer history than the ‘science of religion’ or Religionswissenschaft, which comprises the comparative study of religion and the phenomenology of religion, which in turn increasingly held a leading position in actively producing discourses about religion in the field of academic research on religions. This, however, took away from the attention formerly given to the historical approach as a method and an academic tradition in its own right because it contributed less to the general discussions. Nevertheless this method is one of the most widely used in studying religions by scholars in the field of the study of religions. To shed new light on the history of religions it is necessary to inquire deeply into the identity and the most crucial methods of this discipline. First of all this article analyses the complications which arose in the project of the Quellen der Religionsgeschichte and the establishment of the study of religions as an academic discipline in the German context. Second, a definition of the ‘history of religion’ as a subdiscipline will follow. Third, the relation between fact and interpretation will be addressed before the background of the general discussions in the field of historiography. There is a persisting tension between the source materials and the historian who is to make his interpretations. To highlight the characteristics of the ‘history of religions’ it will be contrasted with the phenomenology of religion. Various types of historical materials will be discussed in the context of my own research as an example of how they may be approached.

철학 : 대학생들의 자아 중심적 행복관에 대한 로고테라피적 접근

최정화 ( Jeong Hwa Choi ) 조선대학교 인문학연구소 2016 인문학연구 Vol.0 No.51

본 논문은 두 학기에 걸쳐서 진행된 ‘나는 누구이며 어떻게 살아야 하는가?’에 관한 대학 교양강좌에서 학생들이 제출한 글과 토론을 자료로 삼아서 대학생들의 행복관을 분석한다. 이를 통해서 현재 대학생들의 자아 중심적인 행복관이 도출된다. 수업에 참여했던 대학생들은 개인적 ‘행복’과 직업적, 사회적 성취를 통한 ‘자아실현’을 삶의 궁극적인 목표로 삼는다. 삶의 목표를 설정하면서 그들이 속한 공동체와 사회에 대한 관심이 결여된 상태로 개인적인 차원의 성실성과 심리문제를 해결하면서 자기계발하려는 경향을 보인다. 빅터 프랑클(Viktor Frankl)이 제안한 로고테라피의 인간학을 도입하여 우리 세대 청년들의 이러한 자아 중심성이 왜 문제가 되는지, 그리고 그러한 행복의 추구가 왜 목적을 달성할 수 없는지 비판적인 의문을 제기한다. 자아에 대한 과도한 관심은 로고테라피의 역설의도와 탈성찰을 통해서 완화될 수 있다. 아울러 이러한 자아 중심성을 넘어서는 치유로 ‘자아초월’로 향하는 대안적인 인간관을 제시하고자 한다. In this article the results of a survey on the question “Who am I and how should I live” done among Korean university students are being analyzed. These results show that the students involved have a very egocentric understanding of happiness. In order to understand these findings and to find a therapeutical approach suitable to heal the frustrations entailed by this narrow and closed understanding of happiness, the anthropological views of Logotherapy as it was established by the philosopher and psychotherapist Viktor E. Frankl have been taken into special consideration. According to the basic tenets of Logotherapy the problems of hyper-intention and hyper-reflection can be solved by the methods of paradoxical intention and dereflection. In addition, a self-transcendent view of mankind is being proposed as an alternative.