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최용,이승희 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2019 한국폐기물자원순환학회지 Vol.36 No.8
Globally, mercury management at the national level in Korea (Republic of) has been required by ratifying to the MinamataConvention. In particular, it is necessary to identify the sources of mercury waste. Red stamping inks in Asian countries suchas China, Japan and Korea have been used to prove identification. However, there is a lack of information on mercury contentand hazardous characteristics of mercury in red stamping ink. To evaluate hazardous characteristics of mercury in red stampingink, leaching tests such as Korea Extraction Test (KET) and Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) were carriedout as well as mercury content analysis. The mercury content in red stamp ink was estimated to be 0.664 mg/kg. The leachingconcentrations of mercury were detected to be 0.4 μg/L or less in KET and 2.1 μg/L or less in TCLP. From these results, itwas found that the leaching concentration of mercury in red stamping ink was satisfied with the regulatory level prescribedby KET and TCLP. Hence, the red stamping inks in Korea were generally verified to be non-hazardous wastes.
요드분위기에서 지르칼로이 피복재의 저변형율속도 의존성(I)
최용,강영환,류우석,임창생,Choi, Y.,Kang, Y.H.,Ryu, W.S.,Rim, C.S. Korean Nuclear Society 1985 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.17 No.3
온도 및 연신율 변촤가 Zircaloy-4의 요드 응력부식 거동에 미치는 영향을 30$0^{\circ}C$에서 일정 하중법과 300, 350, 40$0^{\circ}C$에서 일정 연신율법으로 ($10^{-5}$sec~$10^{-6}$ sec) 3.34mg $I_2$/㎤의 요드분위기에서 연구하였다. 요드 응력부식균열에 대한 저항성은 온도가 상승하거나 변형속도가 감소하면 감소했고 파손 시간과 응력과의 관계는1/tf∝exp (0.3$\sigma$/$\sigma$uTs-31.5)로 표시할 수 있었다. 30$0^{\circ}C$에서 요드 응력 부식 균열에 대한 저항성을 불활성 분위기에서의 파손에너지에 대한 요드분위기에서의 파손 에너지의 비율로 표시할 때 변형속도가 7.6$\times$$10^{-6}$ sec 부근에서 저항성이 가장 낮았고 온도가 35$0^{\circ}C$, 40$0^{\circ}C$ 로 증가함에 따라 보다 높은 변형속도에서 최저 저항성을 나타내는 경향을 보였다. 요드 응력부식 균열의 파단면에서 준-벽계 파면(quasi-cleavage fracture)을 관찰했다. 전술한 결과에 의하면 Zircaloy-4의 요드 응력부식균열의 기구에 있어서 보호 피막파손단계 (film rupture step)가 중요한 과정으로 추정된다. The effects of temperature and strain rate on the I-SCC behaviors of Zircaloy-4 were investigated by constant load test at 30$0^{\circ}C$ and constant elongation rate test at 300, 350 and 40$0^{\circ}C$ in 3.34mg $I_2$/㎤. The results showed that I-SCC susceptibility increased as the strain rate decreased or the temperature increased. The empirical relation between the stress and the time to failure at 30$0^{\circ}C$ was given by 1/ $t_{f}$∝exp (0.3$\sigma$/$\sigma$$_{UTS}$-31.5) When the I-SCC susceptibility was expressed by the ratio of fracture energy in iodine atmosphere to that in the inert atmosphere, severe I-SCC susceptibility was found near 7.6$\times$10$^{-6}$ sec at 30$0^{\circ}C$ and the maximum point of I-SCC susceptibility tended to shift to the higher strain rate with increasing the temperature. The quasi-cleavage fracture was observed in I-SCC fracture surface. From these results, it was certain that the film repture step was involved as an important process in the I-SCC mechanism of Zircaloy-4.4.
최용,백열,문병문,손동성 한국원자력학회 2017 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.49 No.3
A dynamic nanoindentation method was applied to study an Fe-18 at.% Gd alloy as aneutron-absorbing material prepared by vacuum arc-melting and cast in a mold. The Fe-18at.% Gd cast alloy had a microstructure with matrix phases and an Fe-rich primarydendrite of Fe9Gd. Rietveld refinement of the X-ray spectra showed that the Fe-18 at.% Gdcast alloy consisted of 35.84 at.% Fe3Gd, 6.58 at.% Fe5Gd, 16.22 at.% Fe9Gd, 1.87 at.% Fe2Gd,and 39.49 at.% b-Fe17Gd2. The average nanohardness of the primary dendrite phase and thematrix phases were 8.7 GPa and 9.3 GPa, respectively. The fatigue limit of the matrix phasewas approximately 37% higher than that of the primary dendrite phase. The dynamicnanoindentation method is useful for identifying local phases and for analyzing localmechanical properties.
구리-니켈 다층 나노 도막 제조와 전자파 차폐 효과 평가
최용 대한금속·재료학회 2020 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.58 No.9
Thin copper-nickel foil with multi-nano layers was prepared by pulse-electroforming to develop a high performance electromagnetic shielding material for electronic devices. The pulse electroforming conditions of the aqueous solution chemistry were selected based on the aqueous copper-nickel-sulfur phase diagram and an evaluation of the deposition rate using the finite element method based on the current distribution in front of a cathodic electrode. The thermodynamic stability diagram revealed that the coppernickel multi-nano layers could be formed at pH<4 and ΔE>1.0 V in a modified sulfide bath. The electro-formed copper-nickel multi-layer was well produced at the pulse plating conditions of –0.2VSHE, –0.5 mA/cm2, and 25 seconds for copper layer and –1.7 VSHE, –50 mA/cm2 and 80 seconds for nickel layer, which was composed of about 25 nm thick copper and about 30 nm thick nickel rich phases, respectively. The average deposition rate of the copper-nickel foil with multi-nano layers was estimated by the finite element method to be about 0.115 mm/sec, which was in good agreement with the real value of the thin multi-nano layered copper-nickel foil. The effectiveness of the electromagnetic shielding of the copper-nickel mesh with multi-nano layers was more than 30% higher than that of copper mesh in the frequency range of 8.2 and 12.5 GHz.