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차강진(Cha Kang-Jin) 한국비교공법학회 2004 공법학연구 Vol.5 No.3
On May 15, 2004, the Constitutional Court ruled that while President Roh Moo-hyun had violated election laws, that was insufficient ground for his impeachment. The court said that Mr. Roh had violated Article 9 of the Act on the Election of Public Officials and the Prevention of Election Malpractices on two occasions in February 2004. The article compels both elected and career government employees to maintain political neutrality. The Constitutional Court decided that the president had violated Articles 66 and 69 of the Constitution by expressing regret over the National Election Commission's warning to him. The two articles stipulate that a president should abide by and uphold the Constitution. The Court said the third violation was Mr. Roh's Oct. 13 proposal for a national referendum on his presidency, interpreting Article 72 of the Constitution as stipulating that a national referendum can be held only on important policy issues involving foreign affairs, defense and reunification. The court dismissed two other charges: implication of Mr. Roh's aides in corruption cases, and economic mismanagement. I think that the Court's ruling does not have persuasive argument in that following points of view. First, is the president a civil servant who falls into the category of civil servants-who need to be politically neutral as defined in the act? The president is the head of the executive branch and hence bears the responsibility of stable policy fulfillment. In order to execute this kind of responsibility, the president, as a political civil servant, needs the support of legislative majority. Hence the president can give his support to a specific political party and ask for support from the people to get legislative majority by expressing his political opinion. Second, the Constitutional Court sentenced that the president's reaction to the National Election Commission ruling on the violation of election laws was not in line with his duty to abide by the Constitution and election law. But even if his remark was intended to express his discontent over the National Election Commission ruling, it is just expression of his political opinion on the possibility of new interpretation of election laws and on the direction of an amendment of current laws. Thus his remark is neither against the principles of law-governed country nor a violation of his duty to protect the Constitution. Third, article 72 of the Constitution states, “The president can put issues related to national security such as diplomatic, defense and unification issues to a national referendum if necessary.” A national referendum applies to making decisions on specific national policies. Thus, a national referendum for confidence vote cannot be regarded as issues related to national security. It means that the president is not endowed with exercising the power to call a national referendum for confidence vote. But the president only suggested a national referendum and did not enforce it. Making the suggestion itself is not against the Constitution until making an announcement of a national referendum for confidence vote and of the date of a national referendum.
강진경 ( Jin Kyung Kang ),차홍도 ( Hong Do Cha ),서정삼 ( Chung Sam Suh ) 대한내과학회 1969 대한내과학회지 Vol.12 No.11
Cardiac catheterization of the right heart was first carried out in man by Forssmann in 1929. It is now a recognized and accepted procedure and has proved its great value both as a research tool in cardiovascular physiology and as a diagnostic aid in certa
강희동,이경일,차상원,윤계남,이동준,한지환,강진한,황경태,Kang, Hee-Dong,Lee, Kyung-Yil,Cha, Sang-Won,Yoon, Kye-Nam,Lee, Dong-Joan,Han, Ji-Whan,Kang, Jin-Han,Whang, Kyung-Tai 대한소아감염학회 1999 Pediatric Infection and Vaccine Vol.6 No.2
목 적 : 볼거리(mumps, 유행성 이하선염)는 최근 국외 및 국내에서 지역적인 유행(outbreaks)이 보고되고 있으며, 1998년 들어 남부지방으로부터 볼거리의 발생이 급격히 증가한 양상을 보이고 있다. 이에 저자들은 1989년부터 1998년까지 볼거리로 입원한 환아를 대상으로 10년간 발생빈도를 알아보고 1998년에 대전성모병원에 입원한 볼거리 환아들의 임상양상과 검사실 소견을 분석해 보았다. 방 법 : 1998년 1월부터 1998년 12월까지 가톨릭대학교 대전성모병원 소아과에 볼거리로 입원한 35명의 환아를 대상으로 볼거리 발생시기, 성별 및 연령별 분포, 임상증상, 합병증 발생 유무 및 실험실 검사소견 등을 분석하였으며 1989년부터 1999년까지의 10년간의 발생추이를 알아보았다. 결 과 : 1998년 월별 발생수는 3~5월에 11명(31.4%), 6~8월 20명(57.1%), 9~10월에 4명(11.5%)이 발생하였다. 환아의 성별은 남아가 24명(69%)으로 남녀비는 2.2:1 이였다. 연령별로는 5~9세가 12명으로 34%, 10~12세 37%, 13~15세 29%으로 대부분 학동기 연령이었고, 평균연령은 $10.5{\pm}2.8$세 이었다. 35명중 33명(94.3%)이 생후 15 개월에 MMR 접종을 받았으며, 추가접종을 받은 경우는 한명도 없었다. 임상증상으로는 이하선 종창 100%, 발열 91.4%, 구토 77.1%, 복통 74.3% 및 두통 65.7%의 순으로 나타났다. 합병증으로는 수막염이 20명(57%), 췌장염 3명(8.6%), 부고환염이 2명(57%)에서 발생하였다. 아밀라제는 35명중 32명(91.4%)에서 증가를 보였으며 평균 $473{\pm}294IU/dL$를 보였으며, 18명에서 실시한 anti-mumps IgG는 15명에서, anti-mumps IgM은 12명에서 양성을 보였다. 최근 10년간 입원한 환자수는 1997년도까지는 산발적으로 발생하였으나 1998년도에 폭발적인 증가를 보였으며 1998년도 이전까지의 볼거리 환자의 평균 입원 환아수는 연간 $3.4{\pm}2.9$명이었다. 결 론 : 1998년 봄부터 대전지역에서도 볼거리의 유행이 있었음을 알 수 있었으며 볼거리 예방접종의 접종 실패 및 방법에 대한 전반적인 연구가 필요한 것으로 사료된다. Purpose : In 1998, there was an outbreak of mumps in Taejon, Korea. We analyzed the monthly incidence, clinical manifestations, and complications during the outbreak and the annual incidence of the recent ten years. Methods : We reviewed the clinical records of 35 mumps patients who had been admitted to Taejon St. Mary's Hospital from January to December, 1998. Results : Mumps was prevalent in summer(from June to August) with 20 cases(57%). Thirthy-three patients(94.3%) received MMR at 15 months of age and no patients received a booster mumps vaccine. The mean age of the mumps patients was 10.5 years-old and the majority of mumps(71%) occurred between 5 and 12 year of age. The male female ratio was 2.2 : 1. The clinical manifestations were swelling of parotid gland(100%), fever (91%), vomiting(77%), abdominal pain(74%) and headache(66%) in order of frequency. Meningitis occurred in 20 cases(57%) and the mean WBC count of CSF was $464{\pm}263/mm^3$. In serology, the mean serum amylase level was $483{\pm}294IU/dL$ and anti-mumps IgM and IgG were positive in 11 and 15 out of 18 cases, respectively. From 1989 to 1997, the mean number of inpatients with mumps was 3.4 per year. Conclusion : We experienced an outbreak of mumps in 1998. It is suggested that there was a primary mumps vaccine failure in Korea and that further studies for vaccine faiure and method of booster mumps vaccine are necessary.
김흥식,강진무,차홍대 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1986 계명의대학술지 Vol.5 No.2
This report is a presentation of a rare case of wilms tumor involved rigth kidney, right renal vein, ingerior vena cava and right atrium seen in a girl of 4 years of age, who presented abdominal distention and hematuria for last 1 month. Ultrasonography of the abdomen revealed dilatation of right renal vein and inferior vena cava and mass iesion in the right atrium was seen on Echocardiogram. A mass of the right upper quadrant which invaded inferior vena cava and right atrium through the right renal vein was found on CT scan of the chest and abdomen, which suggested the wilms tumor of right kidney propagated into the right renal vein, inferior vean cava and right atrium as a tumor thrombosis. A brief review of literature was made.