국민참여형 국가연구개발사업의 의미와 한계: X-프로젝트 사례를 중심으로

박성원,진설아,Park, Seongwon,Jin, Seola 기술경영경제학회 2016 Journal of Technology Innovation Vol.24 No.4

이 연구는 국가연구개발사업에 국민을 참여시킨 X-프로젝트를 분석, 국민이 국가연구개발사업에 적극적인 관심을 갖게 하는 과정과 실제적 참여, 그리고 사회적 효과와 한계는 무엇인지 논의한다. X-프로젝트는 2015년 12명의 민간 위원이 추진하고 미래창조과학부가 후원하며 과학기술정책연구원이 지원한 사업이다. 국민은 일상에서 겪는 아픔이나 문제를 반영한 6,212개의 질문을 제기했으며, X-프로젝트 위원, 학계와 출연연 전문가, 정부정책담당자가 모여 50개 질문으로 국민의 요청을 연구과제화하고 연구팀을 공모했다. 대학, 정부출연연 연구자뿐 아니라 고등학생, 대학원생, 일반인, 기업인 포함 310개 연구팀이 신청했고 최종 54개 연구팀이 선정됐다. X-프로젝트 참여자, 비참여자 및 전문가 인터뷰 등을 통해 이 연구는 첫째, 국민참여형 국가 연구개발 사업의 필요성과 의미에 대해 광범위한 사회적 공감대를 발견했다. 대중의 아픔, 불편을 해결하기 위한 과학기술 연구의 필요성은 물론 이 연구에 대중의 직접 참여가 가능함을 발견했다. 둘째, 시민들이 생산한 지식이 전문가들의 시각에서도 유용하다는 발견이다. 전문 연구자들은 국민이 제기한 질문이 매우 참신하고 유용하다고 평가했다. 셋째, 국민참여형 국가연구개발 사업의 실행으로 시민들이 과학기술 발전의 수혜자가 아닌 발전에 기여하는 주체로 생각할 수 있는 기회를 인식했다는 발견이다. 그러나 국민의 참여를 지속적으로 이끌어 낼 수 있는 다양한 동기 부여, 국가 연구개발 사업의 아이디어 제기부터 연구에 이르는 전과정에 쉽게 참여할 수 있는 방법의 개선, 일반인 연구자와 전문 연구자가 협업할 수 있는 방법 및 제도의 개선은 앞으로의 과제로 지적되었다. The paper investigates X-project, in which the public was invited to participate in a national R&D project, examines how X-project attracted the public's attention and involved them in a national R&D project, and discusses the significance and limitations of X-project. X-project was executed by a 12 citizen-led committee, financially supported by the Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning, and backed by the Science and Technology Policy Institute. People raised 6,212 questions that reflected the severe needs they experienced in their daily lives through the online and offline platforms of X-project. In addition, the committee members, scholars, experts, government officials, and citizens gathered together to select the fifty most provocative and novel of the questions raised by the public, and invited public participation to answer the questions in innovative ways. 310 research teams including professional researchers from universities and institutes, high-school students, lay persons, and corporate workers applied for X-project, and 54 of these teams were finally selected to receive funding from the government. Through planning and conducting X-project, as well as interviewing and surveying the participants in X-project and non-participants, we found that there was an enormous social consensus on the necessity of public participatory national R&D projects. People asserted that science and technology should put a greater focus on solving social problems and satisfying public needs. We also confirmed that the public could take part in national R&D projects. Most of all, we found that the questions raised by the public were very challenging, novel, and complex, and thus researchers need break-through approaches to address them. It can be also argued that through experiencing the X-project citizens can regard themselves as ones who are not only recipients of the benefits of the development of science and technology, but also contributors of the development of them. We finally argue that there are some limitations to X-project in terms of how to provide diverse incentives that attract more participation, how to develop the process in which people got involved in the project in more easy ways, and how to create new ways for lay persons and professional researchers to cooperate in solving social problems.

한국인의 미래 인식, 사회분위기, 미래 적응력 조사 (3차년도)

박성원(Seongwon Park),진설아(Seola Jin),황윤하(YunHa Hwang),조규진(Kujin Cho),송민(Min Song) 과학기술정책연구원 2015 조사연구 Vol.- No.-

트랜스휴먼 시대에 따른 미래직업세계 연구

박성원(Seongwon Park),박가열,최영순,진설아(Seola Jin),황윤하,홍성민(Seongmin Hong) 과학기술정책연구원 2017 정책연구 Vol.- No.-

The purpose of this study is to present a process by which we can forecast how the world of work will change with the development of technologies. Generally, studies discussing changes in technologies and works have been considered the effect of technologies on an increase or decrease in the number of jobs and the effect of technologies on worker duties. Studies forecasting an increase or decrease in the number of jobs assert that technologies will advance a specific industry, creating new demand for employment; or, that technologies replace a certain job, reducing the number of workers required. Meanwhile, studies emphasizing a change in one"s duties focus on which types of work technologies are causing a change rather than the replacement of jobs by technologies. Those studies present what could be described as an optimistic view regarding technological advancement, in which people are able to do their work more safely and under better conditions by using technologies. We assert that technologies gain a certain social direction through the interaction between the technologies and society, and such preceding studies lack a perspective regarding the change in works required as a result. The methods through which technologies are used vary based on region, culture and social needs. For example, while the Facebook social network is used in the US as a means of finding old friends or establishing new social relations, it has been used in the Middle East and North Africa to organize or spread protests against the government. In order to forecast how work will change with the development of technologies, we believe that following notions should be considered: 1) technologies are the means to realize certain norms and public values in a society; 2) and it is necessary to understand which vision of the future the society imagines and how this vision evolves. This is because it is only possible to forecast the new changes in jobs or duties demanded by society in a wider social context when the desired image of the future society can be forecasted. Based on this assumption, we will discuss the fact that the 4th Industrial Revolution-related technologies debated indepth in our society are aiming at the transhuman society, and what changes in works and duties can be expected as a result.

트랜스휴머니즘 부상에 따른 과학기술 정책이슈의 탐색

박성원(Seongwon Park),최종화(Jonghwa Choi),진설아(Seola Jin),이주영(Juyoung Lee),김은아(Eun-a Kim),김정현(Jeonghyeon Kim) 과학기술정책연구원 2016 정책연구 Vol.- No.-

인간기술융합 트랜스휴먼 시대에 따른 미래직업세계 연구

박가열,최영순,손다혜,박성원(Seongwon Park),진설아(Seola Jin),홍성민(Seongmin Hong),황윤하 한국고용정보원 2017 연구사업보고서 Vol.- No.-

과학기술 기반 미래연구사업 Ⅻ

최종화(Jonghwa Choi),임영훈(Younghun Lim),정일영(Ilyoung Jung),윤정섭(Jungsub Yoon),윤정현(Junghyun Yoon),진설아(Seola Jin),김가은(Gaeun Kim),김단비(Danbi Kim),이예원(Yewon Lee),추수진(Soojin Choo),박정호(Jeongho Park),김지은(Jieun Kim) 과학기술정책연구원 2020 정책연구 Vol.- No.-

This study examines future scenarios from various angles particularly focusing on staggering incidents profoundly impacting on our today’s society. It is axiomatic that this study has a significant implication in consideration of recent unexpected and unpredictable changes in our lives, triggered by the global COVID-19 pandemic since its first outbreak in December 2019. The proliferation of COVID-19 worldwide has shown radical changes such as boarder closures. Thus, it is inevitable for the whole countries to find out alternatives to various public services and a way of life we took for granted before the pandemic. Despite these warning signs from all levels of society, we have been losing many values. For instance, our transition to global economy enabled easier interactions between people from different societies in a cost-efficient way, and it led to the better standard of life with the increase of efficiency. However, such easiness of mobility has now become a threat with a high level of contagiousness in the global pandemic. For this reason, people cannot help pioneering diversion routes to continue their routine and existing work practice. Finally, contactless economy has been the new norm across the entire organizations. Such change has accelerated ‘digital transformation’, and it is highly likely to be continued to more deliberate and disruptive innovations. Given that movement, our future society can be predicted as the era of ‘New Normal’ beyond traditional forms of transaction. At this point in time this study envisages our future images by developing future scenarios caused by the COVID-19. In order to predict the changes in the future, we focus on the pandemic-driven megatrends, and discuss whether or not the expected future can be realized. As identified in 「STEPI Outlook」 published in 2020, our future research method follows that the image of the future can be realized through the notion of ‘Created future’ - not by ‘Accepted future’.