프로젝트 기반학습을 활용한 상호문화교육 연구 -외국인학교 청소년 학습자를 중심으로-

주양희 ( Joo Yang Hee ) 서울대학교 국어교육과 2022 先淸語文 Vol.50 No.-

The purpose of this study is to design teaching and learning strategies for formulating balanced intercultural understanding ability and autonomous cultural identity in young adolescents at international schools. Culture lessons based on project-based learning (PBL) are comprised to understand the learners’ intercultural adjustment process and response. This study was aimed to suggest applicable teaching and learning strategies for intercultural education in the field of education. International schools consist of young adolescents Korean learners that lived abroad for more than 3 years or learners from multicultural families, and they are commonly referred to as Third Culture Kids (TCKs). TCKs naturally learn from their experience while living abroad. Considering their backgrounds, TCKs feel confused about their culture. Also, compared to their peer groups, their lack of knowledge on Korean culture causes an experience of culture shock and a confusion with their cultural identity. Their characteristics consist of having multicultural backgrounds as well as being bilingual. This creates a multicultural environment through interaction with the others who have different cultures. This study proposes that intercultural education method utilizing project-based learning lessons is suitable to support learners to search for cultural identity from other individual’s third culture. This results in forming learners that understand cultural diversity and independent attitude as intercultural practice. The subjects of this study are sixth and seventh-graders at an international school in Incheon. The study was conducted to design culture lessons based on PBL, presumed ideological culture, and practiced them gradually. Through the culture lessons based on PBL, the possibility in formation of learners’ autonomous cultural identity from a change of identity in the process of intercultural exchange were observed. However, learners failed to form independent attitude and identity formation due to the absence of cultural knowledge, passive attitude in cultural awareness adjustment, and difficulty in communication in the lingual aspect. Therefore, learners need an opportunity to actively discover and personalize the connection with their own life from authentic materials applied from cultural elements. This study was conducted with young adolescents at an international school to implement cultural PBL lessons. In the process of the implementing, reflecting, and adjusting the PBL lessons, the study suggests the educational methods with consideration of the learners’ unique characteristics. It is meaningful to seek the possibility of an education that can form an autonomous cultural identity as the third culture that the learners recognize the culture and find their cultural location as intercultural practice through the process of learning, reflection, and development with the interface between real life.

대장 선종과 대장암에서 기질단백분해효소의 발현: MT1-MMP 및 TIMP-2에 대하여

신정은 ( Jeong Eun Shin ),정성애 ( Sung Ae Jung ),김성은 ( Seong Eun Kim ),주양희 ( Yang Hee Joo ),심기남 ( Ki Nam Shim ),김태헌 ( Tae Hun Kim ),유권 ( Kwon Yoo ),문일환 ( Il Hwan Moon ) 대한장연구학회 2007 Intestinal Research Vol.5 No.2

Background/Aims: This study investigated the expression of membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) in cases of adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Methods: Thirty-two samples of colon adenoma, 11 samples of early colon cancer (ECC) and 36 samples of advanced colon cancer (ACC) were collected from colonoscopic biopsies. Normal tissues were also collected from the same subjects. The mRNA expression levels of MT1-MMP and TIMP-2 were quantified using semiquantitative RT-PCR. Results: The mRNA expression levels of MT1-MMP were greater in the ACC samples as compared to the adenoma and ECC samples (p<0.05, respectively). However, there was no difference in the mRNA expression levels of MT1-MMP between the adenoma and ECC samples. The mRNA expression levels of TIMP-2 were greater in the ACC samples as compared to the adenoma samples (p<0.001) but did not differ between the adenoma and ECC, and between the ECC and ACC. The expression level of MT1-MMP mRNA was positively related to lymph node metastasis (p<0.05). However, the mRNA expression levels of MT1-MMP and TIMP-2 did not differ for colon cancer according to differentiation and modified Dukes’ stage. Conclusions: The mRNA expression levels of MT1-MMP and TIMP-2 have limitations as useful markers for malignant degeneration of colonic neoplasm and the progression of colon cancer. (Intest Res2007;5:144-150)

위장관 ; 위암에서 Helicobacter pylori CagA에 따른 RUNX3의 메틸화 및 발현의 소실과 임상병리학적 특성과의 관계

나윤주 ( Yoon Ju Na ),심기남(교신저자) ( Ki Nam Shim ),주양희 ( Yang Hee Joo ),김성은 ( Seong Eun Kim ),정혜경 ( Hye Kyung Jung ),정성애 ( Sung Ae Jung ),조민선 ( Min Sun Cho ) 대한소화기학회 2015 대한소화기학회지 Vol.66 No.2

Background/Aims: Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) has been suggested to be involved in the inactivation of Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3), a known gastric carcinoma tumor suppressor gene. It remains unclear how H. pylori CagA initiates or maintains RUNX3 promoter methylation and inactivates its protein expression in gastric carcinoma. Methods: RUNX3 promoter methylation status, RUNX3 expression, and H. pylori CagA were investigated in 76 sample pairs of gastric carcinoma tissue. The patients’ medical records were reviewed. The association between RUNX3 methylation or loss of RUNX3 expression and clinicopathologic variables according to H. pylori CagA status were investigated. Results: In gastric carcinoma patients with H. pylori CagA-positive infection, RUNX3 methylation did not show association with lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, and TNM stages. However RUNX3 methylation was observed more frequently in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma (77.8% vs. 20.0%, p=0.023) in early stage. In gastric carcinoma patients with H. pylori CagA-positive infection, loss of RUNX3 expression did not show association with lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, and TNM stages. However loss of RUNX3 expression was observed more frequently in early gastric carcinoma than in advanced gastric carcinoma (84.2% vs. 75.0%, p=0.51), but this difference was not significant. Conclusions: In gastric carcinoma patients with H. pylori CagA-positive infection, RUNX3 methylation or loss of RUNX3 expression did not show correlation with lymphovascular invasion and TNM stages. In early gastric carcinoma patients with H. pylori CagA-positive infection, RUNX3 methylation was observed more in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2015;66:75-84)

대장 선종과 대장암에서 MMP-2, HIF-1α 및 VEGF의 발현

신정은 ( Jeong Eun Shin ),정성애 ( Sung Ae Jung ),김성은 ( Seong Eun Kim ),주양희 ( Yang Hee Joo ),심기남 ( Ki Nam Shim ),김태헌 ( Tae Hun Kim ),유권 ( Kwon Yoo ),문일환 ( Il Hwan Moon ) 대한소화기학회 2006 대한소화기학회지 Vol.50 No.1

목적: 대장암 발생 과정 중 초기 기저막 파괴에 관여하는 MMP-2와 신생혈관 형성에 관여하는 HIF-1α와 VEGF가 대장암 발생 및 각 진행단계에서 발현하는 양상 및 예후 관련 인자와의 연관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 대장선종 32예, 조기 대장암 11예와 진행 대장암 36례의 대장내시경 생검 조직에서 MMP-2, HIF-1α와 VEGF의 mRNA 발현을 역전사 중합효소 연쇄반응을 이용하여 주변의 정상 조직을 기준으로 반정량적으로 측정하였으며, 이 중 암 수술 조직 11예에서 gelatin zymography와 Western blot을 이용하여 활성형 MMP-2 단백과 HIF-1α 단백 발현을 관찰하였다. 결과: MMP-2 mRNA 발현은 대장 선종에 비해 진행 대장암에서 증가하였고(p<0.001), 대장 선종에서 조기 대장암과 진행 대장암으로 갈수록 증가하였다(p<0.05). 대장암에서 MMP-2 mRNA 발현은 림프관 침습이 있는 경우와 중등도와 저분화도일 때 및 병기가 진행함에 따라 증가하였다(p<0.05). Gelatin zymography 결과, 11예 중 10예(91%)의 암조직에서 활성형 MMP-2 단백이 발현되었다. HIF-1α와 VEGF mRNA 발현은 대장 선종에 비해 조기 대장암과 진행 대장암에서 증가하였으나(p<0.05; p<0.001), 조기 대장암과 진행성 대장암 사이에 차이가 없었다. Western blot 결과, 11예 중 9예(82%)의 암조직에서 HIF-1α 단백이 발현되었다. HIF-1α mRNA 발현은 MMP-2 mRNA 및 VEGF mRNA 발현과 유의한 상관관계가 있었다(r=0.52, p< 0.001; r=0.76, p<0.001). 결론: 이번 연구는 대장암 발생 및 진행에 있어서 MMP-2, HIF-1α와 VEGF의 발현 및 상호 연관성을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이들 인자들의 발현이 대장 내 신생물의 악성화 단계 및 악성 병변의 진행을 예측할 수 있는 한 방법이 될 수 있을 것으로 생각한다. Background/Aims: This study was aimed to investigate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in colonic adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Methods: Thirty-two tissue samples of colon adenoma, 11 of early colon cancer and 36 of advanced colon cancer were collected by colonoscopic biopsy. Normal colonic tissues were also collected from the same subjects. The mRNA expression levels of MMP-2, HIF-1α, and VEGF were quantitated using semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions. The protein expressions of activated MMP-2 and HIF-1α were examined by gelatin zymography and by Western blot in surgically resected cases, respectively. Results: The expression level of MMP-2 mRNA showed a progressive increase in the advance of the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence (p<0.05). In colon cancer tissues, the expression level of MMP-2 mRNA showed an increasing trend according to differentiation, lymphatic invasion and Dukes` stage (p<0.05). The protein expression of activated MMP-2 was observed in 10 of 11 (91%) cases of cancer tissues. The mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α and VEGF were greater in tissues of early and advanced colon cancer compared with colon adenoma (p<0.05; p<0.001). The protein expression of HIF-1α was observed in 9 of 11 (82%) cases of cancer tissues. The mRNA expression level of HIF-1α showed a positive correlation with MMP-2 and VEGF, respectively (r=0.52, p<0.001; r=0.76, p<0.001). Conclusions: MMP-2, HIF-1α, and VEGF may be useful in detecting early carcinogenesis and progression of colon cancer. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2007;50:9-18)

수술 전 위암조직에서의 Cadherin과 혈관내피 성장 인자 농도의 의의

유금혜 ( Kum Hei Ryu ),심기남 ( Ki Nam Shim ),정성애 ( Sung Ae Jung ),유권 ( Kwon Yoo ),주양희 ( Yang Hee Joo ),이주호 ( Joo Ho Lee ) 대한소화기학회 2012 대한소화기학회지 Vol.60 No.4

Background/Aims: The aims of this study were to examine the expressions of endothelium specific VE-cadherin, intestine specific LI-cadherin, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and to determine their relationships with the clinicopathological parameters of gastric cancer. Methods: A total 47 patients with gastric cancer who underwent surgery were enrolled. Endoscopic biopsies were obtained from the cancer and normal mucosa, respectively. Using semiquantitative RT-PCR, the mRNA expression levels of VE-cadherin, LI-cadherin and VEGF were measured by tumor/normal (T/N) ratios. The protein expressions of VE-cadherin, LI-cadherin and VEGF were examined by Western blot and immunohistochemical stain in surgically resected tissues. The clinicopathological variables were reviewed and analyzed, retrospectively. Results: Twenty two cases (46.8%) of VE-cadherin, 25 cases (53.2%) of LI-cadherin and 27 cases (51.1%) of VEGF mRNA expressions were overexpressed in gastric cancer compared to normal tissue. There was a tendency for T/N ratio of VE-cadherin mRNA to correlate with the lymphatic invasion (p=0.07) and the lymph node metastasis (p=0.099) in advanced gastric cancer. The T/N ratio of LI-cadherin mRNA showed significant association with distant metastasis (p=0.031) and lymphatic invasion especially in advanced gastric cancer (p=0.023). There was a tendency for the T/N ratio of VEGF mRNA to correlate with the distant metastasis (p=0.073) in advanced gastric cancer. Conclusions: As increased mRNA expression of LI-cadherin was associated with distant metastasis and lymphatic invasion especially in the biopsy specimen of advanced gastric cancer before surgery, it may provide useful preoperative information on tumor aggressiveness.

마우스의 급성 DSS 장염 모델에서 편도 유래 중간엽 줄기 세포의 치료 효과

송은미 ( Eun Mi Song ),정성애 ( Sung-ae Jung ),이고은 ( Ko Eun Lee ),장지영 ( Ji Young Jang ),이강훈 ( Kang Hoon Lee ),태정현 ( Chung Hyun Tae ),문창모 ( Chang Mo Moon ),주양희 ( Yang-hee Joo ),김성은 ( Seong-eun Kim ),정혜경 ( Hy 대한소화기학회 2017 대한소화기학회지 Vol.69 No.2

목적: 궤양성 대장염과 크론병으로 대표되는 염증성 장질환은 만성적인 질환으로 재발과 악화를 반복하여 환자의 삶의 질을 악화시킨다. 줄기 세포 치료는 최근 염증성 장질환을 비롯한 다양한 난치성 질환의 잠재적인 치료법으로 각광받고 있다. 새롭게 개발된 편도 유래 중간엽 줄기 세포(tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells, T-MSC)는 줄기 세포 고유 기능을 모두 가지며 비교적 채취가 용이하고 여러 기증자로부터 받은 세포가 잘 융화되어 자란다는 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 T-MSC를 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)로 유도된 만성 장염 마우스 모델에 적용하여 그 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: C57BL/6 마우스를 각각 정상 대조군, DSS 장염군(DSS+PBS), T-MSC 투여군 (DSS+T-MSC)으로 나눠서 급성장염을 유도하였다. T-MSC 투여군에서는 급성 장염 유도 3일째에 복강 내로 T-MSC 1×106을 투여하였다. 장염의 평가는 임상 증상과 장길이, 조직학적 호전 정도로 평가하였다. 대장조직의 염증성 사이토카인을 측정하여 비교하였다. PKH26으로 표시된 T-MSC의 위치를 생체 내에서 추적하였다. 결과: T-MSC의 투여에 의하여 급성 장염 유도 마지막 날DAI가 유의하게 낮아졌으며 (11.3±1.5 vs. 8.3±1.9, p=0.015)장염 증상에 의한 체중의 감소도 완화된 소견을 보였다(-17.1±5.0% vs. -8.1±6.9%, p=0.049). 조직학적 소견을 비교하였을 때 T-MSC 투여군은 염증 세포 침투의 감소, 염증 범위의 감소 및 선와 손상의 완화 등 염증의 호전 소견이 관찰되었다 (22.6±3.8 vs. 17.0±3.4, p=0.039). 염증성 사이토카인인IL-6 and IL-1β 수치 또한 T-MSC 투여에 의하여 의미 있게 감소되었다. T-MSC의 위치를 생체 내에서 추적하였을 때 급성 장염이 유도된 대장 점막에서 T-MSC는 발견되지 않았다. 결론: 급성 장염 모델에서 T-MSC의 투여는 장염의 증상 및 조직학적인 염정 소견을 호전시켰다. 또한, 이러한 효과는 T-MSC의 생체 내 위치와는 무관한 소견으로 향후 T-MSC의 기전에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Background/Aims: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells currently under investigation for its efficacy as the treatment for inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (T-MSCs) as a novel source of mesenchymal stem cells and traced their localization in a murine model of acute colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Methods: C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to the following three groups: the normal control group, DSS colitis group (DSS+phosphate buffered saline), and T-MSC group (DSS+T-MSCs, 1x10⁶). The severity of colitis was assessed by determining the severity of symptoms of colitis, colon length, histopathologic grade, and levels of inflammatory cytokines. T-MSCs labeled with PKH26 were traced in vivo. Results: The T-MSC group, compared with the DSS colitis group, showed a significantly lower disease activity index (11.3±1.5 vs. 8.3±1.9, p=0.015) at sacrifice and less reduction of body weight (-17.1±5.0% vs. -8.1±6.9%, p=0.049). In the T-MSC group, the histologic colitis score was significantly decreased compared with the DSS colitis group (22.6±3.8 vs. 17.0±3.4, p=0.039). IL-6 and IL-1β, the pro-inflammatory cytokines, were also significantly reduced after a treatment with T-MSCs. In vivo tracking revealed no PKH26-labelled T-MSCs in the colonic tissue of mice with acute colitis. Conclusions: In the acute colitis model, we demonstrated that the administration of T-MSCs ameliorates inflammatory symptoms and histology. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory activities of T-MSCs were independent of gut homing. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2017;69:119-128)

Clinical Significance of Tissue Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases in Gastric Cancer

심기남,정성애,주양희,유권 이화여자대학교 의과대학 2005 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.28 No.2

목적: 본 연구는 암의 침윤과 전이에 필수적인 기질단백분해효소(matrix metalloproteinases, MMPs)와 억제인자(tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase, TIMPs)의 발현정도를 위암의 생검조직에서 확인하고 임상적, 병리학적 소견과의 상관관계를 분석하여 임상적 유용성을 평가하고자 하였다. 방법: 2003년 8월부터 2004년 7월까지 본원에서 위암으로 진단되어 근치적 치료를 받은 30명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 조직은 위내시경 검사시 정상 점막 및 암으로 진단한 병변에서 생검겸자를 이용하여 얻었다. 역전사중합효소연쇄반응(RT-PCR)을 이용하여, 정상조직을 기준으로 암조직에서의 MMP-W, MMP-9, MT1-MMP, TIMP-1, TIMP-2의 발현정도를 반정량법으로 비교하였다. 결과: MT1-MMP의 발현정도는 위암의 분화도, 림프혈관계 침윤, 림프절 전이 및 암의 병기와 유의한 상관관계가 있었다.(p<0.05). 그 외의 MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1,TIMP-2의 발현은 임상적 소견과 유의한 관계를 보이지않았다. 결론: 반정량적 역전사중합효소연쇄반응을 이용하여 MT1-MMP의 발현 증가 유무를 확인하는 것은 위암의 공격적 특성을 예측하는데 유용할 것으로 생각되며, 이러한 검사는 수술 전에 얻어진 생검조직을 이용하여 가능하므로 암의 공격성에대한 정보를 수술 전에제공할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.