생태유아교육기관의 생활공간에 관한 문화기술적 연구

조채영,하정연 한국유아교육학회 2006 유아교육연구 Vol.26 No.5

예비유아교사가 교육실습에서 경험한 갈등에 대한 연구

조채영,좌승화 한국생태유아교육학회 2014 생태유아교육연구 Vol.13 No.2

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between background variables of kindergartens and the types and severity of conflicts experienced by pre-service early childhood teachers during student teaching practice. The overall objective in this was to enrich the substance of teaching practice through the maintenance of cooperative relationships between colleges and kindergartens. Subjects were 120 third year students of early childhood education enrolled in regular college courses during 2012 and 2013. Data were collected via questionnaires administered immediately after completion of student teaching. Upon submission, questionnaires were quantitatively analyzed. The results of this study revealed that pre-service early childhood teachers experienced the most conflicts with children and the least number of conflicts with colleagues. Second, the contents of each conflict category were successfully identified and ranked. Third, results indicated that the degree of conflicts did not significantly differ by teacher background, such as age and teaching experience, but that significant differences did exist for variables associated with children in the classroom, such as the total number and the average age. These results highlight some ways in which colleges and kindergartens may cooperate more effectively and efficiently in the education of student teachers. 본 연구는 예비유아교사가 교육실습 동안 경험한 유형별 갈등의 정도와 구체적인 내용 및 교육실습기관의 배경에 따른 유형별 갈등 차이를 분석함으로써 교원양성과정의 교육과정 구성과 체계적인 실습지도를 위한 기초자료를 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 연구대상은 전문대학 유아교육과 3학년 학생 120명을 대상으로 이루어졌으며 본 연구에 사용된 연구도구는 질문지이다. 연구결과 예비유아교사들은 실습과정에서 유아와의 갈등, 자신과의 갈등, 지도교사와의 갈등, 기관과의 갈등, 실습업무와의 갈등, 동료실습생과의 갈등 순으로 갈등을 경험하였다. 또한 유형별 갈등의 구체적인 내용을 살펴본 결과, 자신과의 갈등에서는 실습에 대한 자신감 부족, 지도교사와의 갈등에서는 지도교사의 수업 모델링부족, 유아와의 갈등에서는 유아들의 통제에 대한 능력 부족, 기관과의 갈등에서는 재료비 자비부담으로 인한 재정적인 부담, 동료실습생과의 갈등에서는 동료실습생과의 원만치 못한 업무 협조, 실습업무와의 갈등에서는 잡무로 인한 교육적 실습의 부족이 가장 높게 나타났다. 끝으로 교육실습기관 배경에 따른 유형별 갈등 차이를 살펴본 결과 ‘실습반의 유아 수’에 따라 ‘교사와의 갈등’과 ‘유아와의 갈등’에서 그리고 ‘실습반의 유아연령’에 따라 ‘유아와의 갈등’에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 본 연구의 연구결과는 교육실습이 보다 효율적으로 이루어지기 위해 대학과 유치원이 어떻게 협력하면 좋은지에 대한 방향을 제시해 주었다.

문신의 저작권과 이용허락의 범위에 대한 검토

조채영 한국스포츠엔터테인먼트법학회 2020 스포츠와 법 Vol.23 No.4

The United States District Court Southern District of New York recently refused to recognize defendant’s infringement in a case in which a plaintiff who is holding an exclusive license on a professional basketball player’s tattoos claimed copyright infringement against a major developer of video games who exposed the tattoos to the game screen. The court reviewed, in turn, the degree of reproduction to determine substantial similarity, possibility of implied license according to the terms of the contract with plaintiff, and fair use as grounds for defendant’s counterclaim. Firstly, the court acknowledged defendant’s ‘de minis use’ because the tattoos in that video game are very small and unidentifiable, so it is not enough to recognize substantial similarity, and it is difficult for ordinary people to recognize the tattoos in the game are similar to those of real ones. Secondly, the court also held that implied license to use the tattoos was granted to the players as part of likenesses because the tattooist already knew the players would appear in public, on television, in commercials, or in other forms of media when he created tattoos and delivered them to the players by inking the designs onto their skin. Lastly, regarding the fair use, the court also ruled in favor of the defendant because his infringing use is transformative, and its nature, amount and substantiality of use do not adversely affect the plaintiff’s market or its fair use. It is hasty to conclude that the copyright of the tattoo and the copyright of the artwork of which the copyright ownership and ownership for material object are separate are identical because there is no law stipulating or recognizing the issue of ownership of the body. However, it is unshakable fact that every individual has control over their own body, so in that respect, this paper reviews the tattoo bearer’s right in light of ownership over possessions with maximum control. The ownership is a powerful right to exclusively use, profit or dispose of goods that is the object of ownership, but it could be severely limited by copyright if ownership and copyright exist simultaneously on one object. The owner of the work shall have implied license to use it in general, and based on this, he shall also have a right to grant his implied license to a third party. The collateral exposure or reproduction of tattoos due to body exposure is related to the exercise of the tattoo artist’s publicity right. In this case, the players chose designs that could represent themselves and tattooed them on their skin, while the game company used them to describe the players accurately. Therefore, tattoos can be recognized as an element of likenesses protected in publicity right, and only the players themselves can claim his publicity right. If tattooists have full exclusive rights on tattoos, it may excessively limit their exercise of the publicity right. Historically, as the scope of the copyright gradually expanded historically, it was considered to have strong control, such as ownership, in the process of giving justification, describing copyright as a kind of ownership of spiritual creations. The copyright, however, needs to be properly limited in terms of its nature which differs from ownership and emphasizes public interest. This paper is intended to present another perspectives on copyright restrictions through tattoos as a subject matter and it is meaningful in this regard. 최근 미국 뉴욕남부지방법원은 프로농구선수의 문신에 대한 저작권을 보유한 원고가 해당 문신을 그대로 게임화면에 노출 시킨 게임개발사 등을 상대로 저작권 침해를 주장한 사건에서 피고의 침해를 인정하지 않았다. 법원은 피고의 이용에 대해 실질적 유사성을 판단하기 위한 복제의 정도, 원고와의 계약 내용에 따른 묵시적 이용허락 가능성, 침해의 항변 사유인 공정이용을 차례로 판단했다. 법원은 피고의 게임에 등장한 문신이 매우 작고 식별성이 낮으므로 실질적 유사성이 인정되지 않고, 일반인들이 게임 속 문신이 실제 선수들의 문신과 유사하다고 인식하기 어렵다고 보아 피고의 극소성의 항변(de minimis use)을 인정했다. 법원은 또한 선수들의 요구에 따라 문신이 창작되었고 문신사는 창작한 문신을 선수들의 피부에 새김으로써 문신을 인도했으며 선수들이 텔레비전이나 광고 등의 미디어에 등장할 수 있다는 점을 알고 있었으므로, 선수들에게 문신을 자신의 동일성의 일부로 사용할 수 있도록 묵시적 이용허락을 부여한 것으로 판단했다. 공정이용에 대해서도 피고의 이용에 대한 변형성을 인정하고 저작물의 성격, 이용된 양과 상당성 또한 공정이용에 불리하지 않으며 피고의 이용이 원고의 시장에 대한 손해를 일으키지 않았으므로 공정이용에 해당한다고 판단했다. 신체에 대한 소유권 문제가 명시되어 있거나 이를 인정하는 법률이 존재하지 않기 때문에 문신을 저작자와 그 저작물이 화체된 유체물의 소유자가 다른 경우와 동일하다고 단정할 수 없다. 그러나 개인의 신체에 대한 지배권은 확정적으로 존재하므로 소유물에 대해 최대의 지배력을 가지는 소유권에 비추어 문신자의 권리에 대해 검토하고자 한다. 소유권은 그 소유의 대상이 되는 물건을 배타적으로 사용, 수익, 처분할 수 있는 강력한 권리지만 하나의 유형물에 소유권과 저작권이 동시에 존재할 경우 저작권에 의해 소유권의 권능이 크게 제한될 수 있다. 저작물의 소유권자는 저작물을 통상적으로 이용하기 위한 묵시적 이용허락이 인정되고 이를 바탕으로 제3자에 대한 묵시적 이용허락 또한 가능해야 한다. 신체의 노출에 따른 문신의 부수적인 노출이나 복제는 문신자의 퍼블리시티권 행사와 관계가 있다. 이 사건 선수들은 자신을 나타낼 수 있는 도안을 선택해서 문신을 새겼고 게임사는 선수들을 정확하게 묘사하기 위해 문신을 이용했다. 따라서 문신을 퍼블리시티권의 보호대상인 동일성의 요소로 인정할 수 있고, 선수 본인만이 자신의 퍼블리시티권을 주장할 수 있다. 문신사에게 문신의 완전한 독점권을 부여할 경우 문신자의 퍼블리시티권 행사가 과도하게 제한될 수 있다. 역사적으로 저작권이 점차 확장되면서 저작권을 정신적 창작물에 대한 일종의 소유권으로 설명하며 정당성을 부여하는 과정에서 저작권이 소유권과 같은 강력한 지배력을 가지는 권리로 여겨졌다. 그러나 저작권은 소유권과 성격이 다르며 공익성이 강조된다는 측면에서 적절히 제한될 필요가 있다. 본고는 문신이라는 소재를 통해 저작권 제한에 대한 또 다른 관점을 제시하는 것에 의의를 두고자 한다.

민속놀이를 통한 아동 놀이문화의 방향 모색

조채영,김은순 한국생태유아교육학회 2003 생태유아교육연구 Vol.2 No.1

SNS상에서 일반인 아이덴티티(identity)의 퍼블리시티권 보호에 관한 연구 - 미국에서의 논의를 중심으로

조채영 한국지식재산학회 2012 産業財産權 Vol.- No.38

Distinctive technical attributes of Social Network Services (SNS) enables users to introduce and advertise themselves by publicly displaying their identity. This allows other users to obtain personal informations directly from whom they want and even from their friends. On the other hand, SNS face challenges in protecting and controlling the personal information and identity of users as it is increasingly common for the information to be leaked, distributed or collected without consent. This study, therefore, proposes to investigate the appropriate legal protection policy for the personal information and identity publicly displayed in SNS environments. SNS users explicitly express their desires for self-expression of personal information and identity' by creating personal profiles and by updating their information displayed on these profiles. This could result in the interpretation that the users waived their reasonable expectation of privacy, hence this study hardly expects that the law of privacy to be applied to protect the personal information and identity of SNS users. Therefore, it is necessary to consider how the law of publicity rights could be applied to this matter. The important issue is the commercial use of an individual's name or likeness on SNS without the user's consent. In 2011, Fraley, et al., users of Facebook, sued the company, alleging that its "Sponsored Stories" feature, which displays ads on Facebook containing the names and pictures of users who have "Liked" a product, violates California's Right of Publicity statute. Facebook argued that its actions fall within the §3344(d) "newsworthiness"exemption for which consent is not required, and that, in any event, plaintiffs consented to the use of their identities and failed to allege sufficient injury under §3344(a). The court ruled that Facebook's publication of the plaintiffs' "Likes" was for commercial advertising purposes, which removes them from the scope of §3344(d)‘s privilege. To the second issue about the consent, the court determined that whether Facebook's Terms of Use gave the defendant the right to use the plaintiffs' identities in the form of Sponsored Story advertisements remains a disputed question of fact and is not proper grounds for dismissal at this time. Lastly, the court found the plaintiffs' allegations of provable commercial value sufficient to survive a motion to dismiss. The court granted in part and denied in part the defendant's motion to dismiss and the plaintiff could proceed with the suit continuously. This case shows the broad implications for the right of publicity in the world of social media. The concept of the right of publicity has not been settled in Korea. However, the number of cases related to the right of publicity are increasing continuously. Each state in the USA has developed its own way of protecting the right of publicity. Examining their statutes would be helpful to deal with the issues about the right of publicity in Korea. It is still controversial whether non-celebrity identity holds commercial value and whether an individual has any necessity to protect his or her identity under the right of publicity. However, we need continued discussion and considerations about these issues to further develop this theory as the right of publicity becomes increasingly relevant to our daily life.

미국 저작권법상 공정이용 요건 중 변형성과 잠재적 시장에 미치는 효과의 판단 기준에 대한 판례 검토

조채영 충북대학교 법학연구소 2020 과학기술과 법 Vol.11 No.2

It is known that fair use is generally judged by the four factors but the fair use practically depends on transformativeness and the effects of the use upon the potential market. In regard of a purpose of fair use that limits on copyright for the sake of the freedom of expression and public interest, it is desirable to allow fair use if the use of the work in a creative way damages to the copyright holder are not significant. However, it is criticized for unclear criteria of judging transformativeness and the effect on potential market, which can lead to inconsistent and unpredictable fair use.It is considered that the fair use was denied on the ground of the cases of Google Books and TVEyes that despite transformativeness accepted, the amount of the copyrighted work used and the effects of potential market are not effective. Although the Court acknowledged the search function and watch function of TVEyes as transformativeness, because TVEyes provided the entire work without changing original contents, it was determined that the purpose of the use of the work was the same as the original, and that it could deprive of Fox News' potential market. The amount of work used affected a judgement of transformativeness. By being denied of the transformativeness, the fourth factor weighed against fair use and then fair use defence is not accepted. Also, despite the fact that the effect on the potential market is most significantly mentioned as a fundamental factor for fair use, the judgmental criteria somehow is ambiguous. That is because the transformativeness can reduce the possibility of replacing the potential market, the amount of work used too much can substitute the original market and the nature of the work can affects on the judgement of the effect on potential market. In case of widely accepting any potential market, a copyright holder is excessively allowed to control the right of their own in market, and thus the balance of interests between holders and users on fair use will be forfeited. When viewed in light of the purpose of copyright, the effect of the use upon the potential market depends on whether the use of original work would destroy the right of holders in primary market and it must be clearly proven how potential licensing revenues are impeded or worsen. To avoid that the four factors for fair use work together like circular logic, the social effects of the defendant's use of work should be finally reviewed in determining the fair use. Fair use is a comprehensive general requirement. Continuous research is needed to adequately embody the abstraction of the fair use law and to produce results that conform to social norms.

누리과정 수업 도입에 따른 일과운영과 교수매체 활용

조채영 한국생태유아교육학회 2013 한국생태유아교육학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.2013 No.-

예비유아교사가 학교현장실습에서 경험한 갈등 연구

조채영,좌승화 한국생태유아교육학회 2013 한국생태유아교육학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.2013 No.-

실용품의 저작물성 판단 시 예술성 요건에 관한 고찰 - Brompton Bicycle Ltd v. Chedech/Get2Get 사건을 중심으로 -

조채영 한국외국어대학교 법학연구소 2022 외법논집 Vol.46 No.2

Applied art works, which are useful articles produced in large quantities in industry, are recognized not only for the protection of the Design Protection Act but also for the protection under the Copyright Act. Applied art is recognized as a work to be protected, and this can be seen as a natural result required by the characteristics of modern industries, where art works tend to be combined with useful articles, but if the boundaries between pure and applied art become ambiguous, problems may arise. Under the Korean copyright act, originality recognized apart from the articles is required to be protected as an applied art work, and the concept of originality recognized apart from the articles is similar to the separability test of the United States. According to the court decisions in the U.S., useful articles were recognized as applied art works when they had their own aesthetic value, but in recent case about copyrightability of bicycle in Europe, the court ruled that the copyright of useful articles should be judged only by their originality. The court explained that since aesthetic value is subjective effects felt by the audience and is not objectively identified, originality should be recognized if the subject matter reflects the personality of its author, as an expression of his free and creative choices unrelated to aesthetic value. However, in order to that useful acticles to be protected like works of art, it they meet the fundamental requirements of art works, and in this context, artistic quality is emerged. However, there is still criticism that the standards for artistic quality are not clear in the court decisions and copyright act as well. In the target judgment, it was judged that the copyrightability of useful articles should be judged expression of creator’s free and creative choices unrelated to aesthetic value, the artistic value as a work of art will have to be considered. This paper intends to present a new perspective on the artistic quality by applying the concept of an object of modern art to interpret artistic quality. 산업상 대량 생산되는 실용품인 응용미술저작물은 디자인보호법의 보호뿐만 아니라 저작권법에 의 한 보호까지 중첩적으로 인정된다. 응용미술은 보호받아야 할 저작물로 인정되고 있으며 이는 미술저 작물이 실용품과 결합하는 경향이 강하게 나타나는 현대 산업의 특성에 의해 요구된 자연스러운 결과 로 바라볼 수 있지만, 순수미술과 응용미술의 경계가 모호해지면서 양자의 성격을 모두 보이는 경우 창작성 판단 기준에 대한 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 우리나라 저작권법상 실용품이 응용미술저작물로 보 호받기 위해서는 독자성이 요구되는데, 독자성 개념은 미국의 분리가능성과 유사한 개념으로 미국 판 례에 따르면 실용품이 독자적인 미적 가치를 가질 때 응용미술저작물로 인정된다. 반면 최근 유럽에서 발생한 자전거의 저작물성에 관한 판례에서 법원은 실용품의 저작물성은 미적 가치를 배제하고 창작 성만을 판단해야 한다고 판시했다. 법원은 미적 요소는 관객이 느끼는 주관적 효과이며 객관적인 식별 력을 의미하지 않으므로 창작성은 미적 요소와 관련없는 창작자의 자유로운 선택과 개성의 발현으로 판단해야 한다고 설명했다. 그러나 실용품이 예술작품과 같이 보호받기 위해서는 미술저작물의 근본 적인 요건을 갖출 것을 요구할 수밖에 없고 이러한 맥락에서 예술성 요건이 등장한다. 그러나 실용품 의 저작물성 판단 시 예술성을 언급한 판례에서 예술성의 구체적 판단 기준을 제시하지 않았고, 공예 저작물의 요건으로 예술성을 요구하는 영국과 호주에서도 여전히 예술성의 기준이 명확하지 않다는 비판이 존재한다. 대상 판결에서 실용품의 저작물성은 미적 가치를 배제하고 창작성만을 판단해야 한 다고 판시했으나, 창작자의 자유로운 선택과 개성의 발현 여부를 판단하기 위해서는 결국 미술작품으 로서의 예술적 가치를 고려할 수밖에 없을 것이다. 본고에서는 현대예술의 오브제 개념을 적용해 예술 성을 고도한 창작성 또는 미적 수준이 아닌 독자적 감상 가치로 해석함으로써 예술성 요건의 새로운 관점을 제시하고자 한다.

학업부진 전문대학생을 위한 지원프로그램의 효과 연구

조채영,김경미 국제문화기술진흥원 2024 The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technolo Vol.10 No.1

The purpose of this study is to verify the effect of the intensive support program for junior college students with low academic performance on students' learning motivation and self-learning efficacy, and to explore its meaning. This study was conducted with 46 students who participated in the JUMP-UP program supported by the D University Teaching and Learning Development Center in Busan for backers and students with low grades. The research question of this study is, first, does the JUMP-UP program affect the reinforcement of the learning motivation of junior college students? Second, does the JUMP-UP program affect the self-learning efficacy of junior college students? As a result of examining the effectiveness by conducting a survey before and after participating in the JUMP-UP program, the JUMP-UP program showed statistically significant changes in all items of participating learners' learning motivation and self-learning efficacy. Through this, it can be seen that an intensive support program such as the JUMP-UP program is valuable as a support program suitable for improving the learning motivation and self-learning efficacy of vocational college students suffering from low academic performance.