고로 내 미분탄 연소조건에서 탄종에 따른 입자온도와 CO/CO₂ 배출 특성에 관한 연구

조영재,김진호,김량균,김규보,전충환,Cho, Young Jae,Kim, Jin Ho,Kim, Ryang Gyun,Kim, Gyu Bo,Jeon, Chung Hwan 대한기계학회 2014 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.38 No.10

본 연구는 최근 대형고로에 도입된 PCI 시스템에서 석탄의 탄종에 따른 연소 특성을 파악하기 위해, 고로내 석탄의 연소환경을 잘 모사할 수 있는 층류반응기(LFR)을 이용하여 화염형상을 분석하고, 체류시간별 입자의 온도와 배기가스인 CO와 $CO_2$를 측정하였다. 화염형상의 가시적인 분석뿐만 아니라, 입자온도와 배기가스의 배출특성을 근거로 하여 휘발분 연소와 촤 연소 구간을 구분하였다. 특히 CO는 고로내 발생하는 산화철의 환원반응에 영향을 주는 인자로써, 본 연구에서는 탄종별 CO의 배출시점과 특성에 대한 분석이 이루어졌다. 휘발분 함량이 많은 탄종의 연소 초기 입자온도는 높게 측정되었지만, 휘발분 연소구간이 길어지면서 이후에 연속적으로 시작되는 촤 연소가 지연되었다. 촤 연소구간에서는 연료비가 높을수록 CO발생량이 상대적으로 많고, 적정온도가 유지되었다. This study was performed using a laminar flow reactor that could replicate the combustion environment of pulverized coal in a blast furnace. Since a pulverized coal injection system was developed for iron making, the combustion characteristics of pulverized coal have been important in the iron and steel industry. The flame structure, particle temperature, and exhaust gas were investigated for different types of coal. The results of this study demonstrated that the combustion characteristics of coal are influenced by several properties of individual coals. In particular, the CO emission and volatile matter content of individual coals were found to have a strong influence on their combustion characteristics. Thus, this study found the properties of the coals to be significant and focused on the particle temperature and CO and $CO_2$ emissions.

Three Species of the Genus Neolygus Knight (Hemiptera, Miridae) New to Korea

조영재,권용정,서상재,Cho, Young-Jae,Kwon, Yong-Jung,Suh, Sang-Jae Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2011 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.50 No.1

단풍고리장님노린재속 N. hakusanensis (Yasunaga, 1991), N. roseus (Yasunaga, 1991)와 N. zhugei (Yasunaga, 1991) 3종의 국내분포를 처음으로 보고하고, 각 종의 종 동정에 필요한 사진자료와 웅성생식기 그림 및 간략한 형태정보를 기술하였다. Three species of the genus Neolygus Knight - N. hakusanensis (Yasunaga, 1991), N. roseus (Yasunaga, 1991) and N. zhugei (Yasunaga, 1991) - are recognized for the first time in Korea. An identification key to the eleven Korean Neolygus species is presented. Some illustrations of male genitalic structures are also provided.

고속 혼성모드 집적회로를 위한 온-칩 CMOS 전류 및 전압 레퍼런스 회로

조영재,배현희,지용,이승훈,Cho, Young-Jae,Bae, Hyun-Hee,Jee, Yong,Lee, Seung-Hoon 대한전자공학회 2003 電子工學會論文誌-SC (System and control) Vol.40 No.3

본 논문에서는 고속 혼성모드 집적회로를 위한 온-칩(on-chip) CMOS 전류 및 전압 레퍼런스 회로를 제안한다. 제안하는 전류 레퍼런스 회로는 기존의 전류 레퍼런스 회로에서 부정확한 전류 값을 조정하기 위해 주로 사용되는 아날로그 보정 기법과는 달리 디지털 영역에서의 보정 기법을 사용한다. 또한, 제안하는 전압 레퍼런스 회로는 고속으로 동작하는 혼성모드 집적회로의 출력단에서 발생할 수 있는 고주파수의 잡음 성분을 최소한으로 줄이기 위해 고주파 신호 성분에 대해 작은 출력 저항을 볼 수 있는 구조의 레퍼런스 전압 구동회로를 사용한다. 이 레퍼런스 전압 구동회로는 전력 소모 및 칩 면적을 최소화하기 위해서 저 전력의 증폭기와 크기가 작은 온-칩 캐패시터를 사용하여 구현하였다. 제안하는 레퍼런스 회로는 0.18 um n-well CMOS 공정으로 설계 및 제작되었으며, 250 um x 200 um의 면적을 차지한다. 칩 제작 및 측정결과, 제안하는 전류 및 전압 레퍼런스 회로는 공급 전압 및 온도의 변화에 대해서 각각 2.59 %/V와 48 ppm/℃의 변화율을 보인다. This work proposes on-chip full CMOS current and voltage references for high-speed mixed-mode circuits. The proposed current reference circuit uses a digital-domain calibration method instead of a conventional analog calibration to obtain accurate current values. The proposed voltage reference employs internal reference voltage drivers to minimize the high-frequency noise from the output stages of high-speed mixed-mode circuits. The reference voltage drivers adopt low power op amps and small- sized on-chip capacitors for low power consumption and small chip area. The proposed references are designed, laid out, and fabricated in a 0.18 um n-well CMOS process and the active chip area is 250 um x 200 um. The measured results show the reference circuits have the power supply variation of 2.59 %/V and the temperature coefficient of 48 ppm/$^{\circ}C$ E.

Use of Bovine-derived bone mineral (Bio-Oss Collagen$^{(R)}$) in surgical treatment of peri-implantitis: A case report

조영재,Cho, Young Jae The Korean Dental Association 2013 대한치과의사협회지 Vol.51 No.12

The aim of this study was to achieve healing of Peri-implantitis defects and hard tissue augmentation using a bovine-derived bone mineral on the defect site. Two patients were treated with the surgical approach. With a full muco-periosteal flap elevation, the implant surfaces were exposed and granulation tissue removed around the implant and between the threads. Each surface of the contaminated implant was prepared with the air-abrasive device(PerioFlow$^{(R)}$) for decontamination. Bovine-derived bone mineral(Bio-Oss collagen$^{(R)}$) was then used to fill the defects and muco-periosteal flaps sutured to achieve transmucosal healing. Radiographs and clinical photographs were taken before and after 6 months of healing and an estimate of bone fill was assessed. Within the limits of the present case report, a surgical approach in treatment of peri-implantitis defects using a collagen form of bovine bone mineral was visited. Although limited, the two cases showed the stability and biocompatibility of a bovine-derived bone mineral and effectiveness of air-abrasive device(PerioFlow$^{(R)}$) as a decontamination method.

Salmonella Enteritidis 및 Salmonella Typhimurium을 함유한 이가 불활화백신인 Salenvac-T의 방어효과 및 임상연구

조영재,강정무,강경수,정승환,윤희준,서승원,한태욱,Cho, Youngjae,Kang, Zheng-Wu,Kang, Kyung-Soo,Jeong, Seunghwan,Yoon, Hee-Jun,Suh, Seungwon,Hahn, Tae-Wook 대한수의학회 2013 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.53 No.1

Commercial bivalent killed Salmonella vaccine Salenvac-T has been used in several countries in order to prevent salmonellosis with Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis (SE) and Typhimurium (ST) in poultry. However, this vaccine has not been used in poultry farms in South Korea. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of Salenvac-T vaccine to protect against the challenge of virulent SE and ST, and the effect of the vaccine on egg production and mortality in layer hens. The colonization of liver, spleen and cecum with challenged SE and ST was reduced in vaccinated chickens compared with that of unvaccinated control group. The twice vaccination with Salenvac-T induced elevated antibody responses against both SE and ST detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The higher average hen-day production was observed in the vaccinated layer hens than in the unvaccinated layer hens without significance. The average mortality was lower in the vaccinated layer hens during the experiment period. The antibody responses to both SE and ST were persistently detected in the vaccinated layers. In summary, vaccination with Salenvac-T reduces colonization of internal organs and induces good antibody responses, thereby results in higher performance and lower egg contamination with SE and ST in layer hens.

WTO 세이프가드 인과관계 기준 및 수준에 관한 연구

조영재(Cho young-jae) 법무부 국제법무정책과 2016 통상법률 Vol.- No.127

As a trade remedy against increased imports of a particular product irrespective of being fair or unfair, safeguard measures differ from antidumping measures targeted only for unfair trade like dumped imports. Accordingly, it is clear that a higher injury standard should apply for safeguard determination than antidumping determination, but whether the causation standard for safeguard determination should be higher than the causation standard for antidumping determination has been a subject of debate. Based on WTO dispute cases and certain WTO members’ legislations, there exist three different views regarding the causation standard for safeguard determination. The first view is that the causation standard should be met only if increased imports in and of themselves are sufficient to cause serious injury. The second view is that increased imports should be at least one of the most important causes of serious injury. The third view is that the causation standard can be met when there exists a genuine and substantial relationship of cause and effect between increased imports and serious injury. This study touches on the interpretations of WTO panel and appellate body on the causation provisions of the WTO Safeguard Agreement and such alternative causation standards as those of the US Trade Act of 1974 and the common law. While the WTO appellate body has strictly applied the Safeguard Agreement to and ruled against all the disputed safeguard measures, it has not been able to come up with specific standards and methodology to prove the causation between increased import and serious injury with legal uncertainties augmented. It comes to a conclusion that we need not change the current causation standard under the Safeguard Agreement as interpreted by the Appellate Body. This is so because, while such standards as the substantial cause under the US Trade Act and the factual/proximate cause under the common law seem to be based upon anti-protectionism to control the abuse of trade remedies, it is nearly impossible for safeguard measures to pass the hurdle of the non-attribution and serious injury as well even under the current causation standard of the Safeguard Agreement.

곡률을 고려한 CFRP 복합재 적층쉘의 관통특성 : 관통에 의한 파괴모드를 중심으로

조영재(Y. J. Cho),김영남(Y. N. Kim),심재기(J. K. Sim),양인영(I. Y. Yang) 한국정밀공학회 2004 한국정밀공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2004 No.10월

CFRP composite materials have wide application in structure materials of airplane, ships, and aero space vehicles because of their high strength and stiffness. This paper is to study the effects of curvature and orientation angle on the penetration characteristics of CFRP laminate shell. They are staked with 8 Ply specimens [0₂/90₂]<SUB>S</SUB>, [0/90₂/0]<SUB>S</SUB> and the stacked of outer plates degree with 12 Ply specimens [0₃/90₃]<SUB>S</SUB>, [0₂/90₂/0]<SUB>S</SUB> and [903/03], [902/02/90]S. They are manufactured to varied curvature radius (R=100,150,200㎜ and ∞). They are cured by heating to the appropriate harding temperature(130℃) by mean of a heater at the vaccum bag of the autoclave. Test specimens were prepared with dimensions 100㎜×140㎜. When the specimen is subjected to transverse impact by a steel ball, the velocity of the steel ball was measured both before and after impact by determining the time for it to pass two ballistic-screen sensor located a known distance apart. In general, kinetic energy after impact-kinetic energy before impact rised in all specimens. This study observed a fracture mode inside the specimen after a penetration test using a digital camera and it examined a fracture mode and a penetration mode to stack of outer orientation angle and curvature.

횡방향 판재에 의한 횡구속 효과 및 철근콘크리트 기둥에서 고강도 철근의 사용성 검토

조영재(Young-Jae Cho),김진근(Jin-Keun Kim) 한국콘크리트학회 2012 콘크리트학회논문집 Vol.24 No.6

지역공간구조와 농촌지역 인문사회적 변화의 관계 연구 -충남 아산시를 중심으로-

조영재 ( Young Jae Cho ) 한국농촌계획학회 2014 농촌계획 Vol.20 No.4

The purpose of this study is to show the relation of the change between spacial structure and social conditions of rural area. The spacial structure change of Asan city was analyzed using Space Syntax, and multiple regression analysis (dependent variables: connectivity, global integration, local integration / independent variables: population, household, farm population, farm population of 65years old and over, farm household, part-time farm households, cultivated land) was accomplished. As th result, that the increase of connectivity is related to the increase of population and farm population of 65years old and over and the decrease of farm population, and the increase of local integration is related to the increase of farm population of 65years old and over was showed. However, that global integration is not related to change of social conditions was proved.

고로 내 미분탄 연소조건에서 탄종에 따른 입자온도와 CO/CO₂ 배출 특성에 관한 연구

조영재(Young Jae Cho),김진호(Jin Ho Kim),김량균(Ryang Gyun Kim),김규보(Gyu Bo Kim),전충환(Chung Hwan Jeon) 대한기계학회 2014 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.38 No.10

본 연구는 최근 대형고로에 도입된 PCI 시스템에서 석탄의 탄종에 따른 연소 특성을 파악하기 위해, 고로내 석탄의 연소환경을 잘 모사할 수 있는 층류반응기(LFR)을 이용하여 화염형상을 분석하고, 체류시간별 입자의 온도와 배기가스인 CO와 CO₂를 측정하였다. 화염형상의 가시적인 분석뿐만 아니라, 입자온도와 배기가스의 배출특성을 근거로 하여 휘발분 연소와 촤 연소 구간을 구분하였다. 특히 CO는 고로내 발생하는 산화철의 환원반응에 영향을 주는 인자로써, 본 연구에서는 탄종별 CO의 배출시점과 특성에 대한 분석이 이루어졌다. 휘발분 함량이 많은 탄종의 연소 초기 입자온도는 높게 측정되었지만, 휘발분 연소구간이 길어지면서 이후에 연속적으로 시작되는 촤 연소가 지연되었다. 촤 연소구간에서는 연료비가 높을수록 CO발생량이 상대적으로 많고, 적정온도가 유지되었다. This study was performed using a laminar flow reactor that could replicate the combustion environment of pulverized coal in a blast furnace. Since a pulverized coal injection system was developed for iron making, the combustion characteristics of pulverized coal have been important in the iron and steel industry. The flame structure, particle temperature, and exhaust gas were investigated for different types of coal. The results of this study demonstrated that the combustion characteristics of coal are influenced by several properties of individual coals. In particular, the CO emission and volatile matter content of individual coals were found to have a strong influence on their combustion characteristics. Thus, this study found the properties of the coals to be significant and focused on the particle temperature and CO and CO₂ emissions.