갈근탕(葛根湯)이 면역조절작용에 미치는 영향

조대연,윤용갑,정명,이은혜,복영옥,정창옥,임규상,Cho, Dae-Yeoun,Yun, Young-Gab,Jung, Myung,Lee, Eun-Hye,Bok, Young-Ok,Jung, Chang-Ohk,Lim, Kyu-Sang 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2016 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.29 No.3

Objectives : Gal-Geun-Tang (GT) has been described from SANGHAN in Korean traditional medicine and known to act against cold, fever, hypertension, and nasal catarrh. However, little has yet been learned about the effect of GT on immune function. In the current study, in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory activity of GT (water extract) was investigated.Methods : Water extract of GT induced in vitro proliferation of spleen cells and significantly increased their proliferative responses during anti-CD3 activation. Using purified splenic T and B cells, it was revealed that GT has a mitogenic activity to B cells and promotes their proliferation induced by lipopolysaccharide, whereas T cell proliferation was not triggered and GT was rather inhibitory to T cell activation caused by anti-CD3 antibody. In the presence of antigen presenting cells (APC), GT addition resulted in a significant increase of IFNγ and IL-4, but not IL-2, production. However, addition of high concentration (1,000㎍/㎖) of GT led to a marked reduction in T cell cytokine production and under such condition, GT facilitated apoptosis of T cells when examined by flow cytometry with propidium iodide staining.Results : In vivo immunomdulation of GT was also investigated using a mouse model. Following keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) immunization, GT (1 ㎎/day) was orally administered for 9 days. Cell numbers in thymus, spleen and peripheral blood were not altered by GT administration, indicating that such dose is not immunotoxic. Cell numbers in draining lymph nodes (LN) and ex vivo Ag-specific proliferation of LN cells were significantly elevated by GT administration. However, any preferential stimulation of T or B and CD4⁺ or CD8⁺ T cell subpopulations was not observed in a flow cytometric analysis of LN cells. This result shows that GT does not promote in vivo B cell proliferation while GT enhances Ag-specific proliferation of LN cells, unlike what was observed in vitro.Conclusions : For a further understanding of in vivo immunomodulatory activity of GT, ex vivo cytokine production of LN cells obtained from KLH-immunized mice was evaluated. Ag-specific IFNγ production was significantly higher in GT-treated mice when compared to PBS-treated control mice. In contrast, IL-4 production in GT-treated group was comparable to control group unlike to in vitro data. In addition, GT administration did not result in any significant differences in serum levels of Ig (IgM, IgG1 and IgG2a) between GT-treated and control groups. Taken together, these data strongly support that GT promotes immune response, more profoundly type 1 helper T cell (Th1) activity and GT may be applicable for treatment of intracellular parasite infection such as viral diseases.

동의보감(東醫寶鑑)에 수록(收錄)된 인삼(人蔘)이 주약(主藥)으로 배오(配伍)된 방제(方劑)의 활용(活用)범위, 병증, 주치(主治), 병리(病理) 및 구성내용(構成內容) 조사(調査)

조대연,정종길,윤용갑,Cho, Dae-Yeon,Jeong, Jong-Kil,Yun, Young-Gab 대한한의학방제학회 2001 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.9 No.1

In the Encyclopedia Medica Koreana(Dongeuibogam), I have researched 245 prescriptions in which Panax Ginseng plays an important role. And I have got the following results. The healing scope and frequency of ginseng-mainly-included prescriptions are Child Part 29(11.83%), Violent Cough Part 23(9.38%), Sick-by-Cold Part 21(8.57%), Oncosis Part 16(6.53%), Overwork Part 14(5.71%), Gynecologic Part 14(5.71%), Internal Part 13(5.3%), Apoplexy Part 11(4.48%), Mind Part 10(4.08%) and Fecal Part 10(4.08%) prescriptions. And also each of Nausea Part, Anger Part, and Spirit parts has the same 5 (2.04%) prescriptions. And each of Qi Part, Diabetes Meatus Part, Malaria Part, and Humoral Part has 4(1.63%) prescriptions. And each of Foot Part, Choleraic Part, Genital Part, Blood Part, and Voice Part has 3 (1.2%). All of these prescriptions cover 88.88%. And besides listed parts above, Panax Ginseng is all used in 48 Parts: Body-Mind Part. Mouth-Tongue Part, Breast Part, Muscle Part, Swelling Part, Urine Part, Epidermis Part, Heat Part, Anus Part, Stomach Part, Eye Part, Laryngopharynx Part. Uterus Part" Heavy Stomach Part, Head Part, Pulse Part, Hair Part, Navel Part, Emetic Part, Costal Part, Edema Part, Vomiting Part, Superstitious Part, and Cardiac Part, etc. Of the prescriptions in which Panax Ginseng plays an important role, the most representative diseases, which more than 86.8% prescriptions cure, are shock, numbness from cold, Taeeum disease, oncosis, overwork, sick from eating, numbness of extremities, diarrhea, tachycardia, forgetfulness, nausea, heat from kidney, nocturnal emission, short breath, diabetes meatus, malaria, sweating, sweating overnight, beriberi, cholera, insomnia from enervation, sialitis, navel pain, hemorrhage, and loss of voice. The pathology of the prescriptions in which Panax Ginseng plays an important role is divided into the organ problems, six natural factors, seven extreme feelings, unbalanced humoral status, overwork, and, unbalance of qi and blood. Spleen, heart, and uterus is the main cause of organ problems; wind and cold are the main cause of six natural factors; heavy humors are the main cause of unbalanced humoral status; the stasis of seven feelings are the main cause of seven extreme feelings; the lack of stamina and overwork are the main cause of the overwork; the lack of qi, the lack of blood, and, the lack of qi and blood are the main cause of the unbalance of qi and blood. After I have researched the contents of the prescriptions in which Panax Ginseng plays an important role, I could understand the addition of the different prescriptions, combination of medicines, and the role of medicine groups associated with Panax Ginseng. So from now on, the results I have got could be used as the data which show the theoretical basis on the prescriptions.

평생학습 권역 설정과 권역별 프로그램 요구분석

조대연(Cho, Daeyeon),김영호(Kim, Youngho),홍순현(Hong, Soonhyun),김벼리(Kim, Byuri) 한국평생교육학회 2011 평생교육학연구 Vol.17 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 마포구 내 평생교육기관과 학습자를 중심으로 학습서비스의 수요와 공급을 고려하여 학습서비스 권역을 설정하고 권역별 평생학습 프로그램 요구를 분석함으로써 권역별 특성화된 평생교육 프로그램을 제안하기 위함이다. 이를 위하여 먼저 평생학습 서비스의 수요와 공급 관련 지표를 활용한 지리정보시스템을 이용하여 권역설정을 한 결과 마포구는 ‘자연, 레크리에이션’, ‘실버학습’, ‘비경제인구학습’, ‘ITㆍ문화산업’, ‘일반학습’, ‘소수ㆍ소외계층 학습’ 등 총 6개 권역으로 구분되었다. 또한 조대연(2009)의 연구를 활용하여 각 권역별 프로그램 요구분석을 실시한 결과 자연ㆍ레크리에이션 권역이 가장 다양한 프로그램요구를 보였고, ITㆍ문화산업 권역이 상대적으로 낮은 평생교육프로그램의 요구를 보였다. 또한 마포구의 학습서비스 권역별 평생교육 프로그램으로 예체능계열과 인문계열 평생교육 프로그램에 대한 높은 요구를 보였다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 몇 가지 시사점을 제안하였다. The purpose of this study is two fold: to determine learning service regions based on the demand and supply of lifelong learning from the aspect of lifelong learners and lifelong learning institutes and to implement the setting of priorities among lifelong learning programs through need analysis according to the identified learning service regions in Mapo-Gu. With utilizing an index of the demand and supply regarding lifelong learning service, Geographic information system found out that 6 regions can be identified in Mapo-Gu. Through the process proposed by Cho(2009), this study finally determines the lifelong learning programs that were ranked as the highest priorities in each region. As a result, 'nature & recreation' region shows the most variety of program needs, whereas 'IT & cultural industry' region shows relatively less variety of program needs. In addition, this study found that Mapo-Gu has the high level of needs on humanities programs as well as arts & physical ones. Finally, this study suggests not only the direction of developing programs based on each region but also specified programs from the results of need analysis. Also this study proposes some practical implications.

관리자의 코칭행동과 부하직원이 인식한 직무성과의 관계

조대연 ( Dae Yeon Cho ),박용호 ( Yong Ho Park ) 한국인력개발학회 2011 HRD연구 Vol.13 No.4

최근 기업에서 HRD 솔루션으로서 코칭에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있으며, 실제 기업현장에서 이 프로그램에 대한 활용이 급격히 증가하고 있다. 이러한 환경 속에서 코칭은 HRD 분야에서 활용되는 하나의 프로그램을 넘어 관리자가 갖추어야 할 리더십의 형태로까지 확대되어 논의되고 있다. 본 연구는 관리자 코칭이 크게 ``학습기회를 통한 역량향상지원``기능과 ``문제해결 지원``기능으로 구성될 수 있다는 이론적 분석을 기반으로 관리자 코칭행동을 구성하였고, 그러한 관리자의 코칭행동이 구성원의 직무성과에 기여할 수 있는지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구결과는 관리자의 코칭행동은 문제해결지원과 학습을 통한 역량개발지원 등의 두 가지 요소로 구성됨을 확인하였다. 반면 관리자의 코칭행동은 부하직원의 업무성과에 통계적으로 직접적인 영향이 없었다. 마지막으로 본 연구는 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 몇 가지 이론적?실천적 함의를 제안하였다. Recently, there are much academic and practical interest in coaching which can be regarded as a strategy for human resource development. Especially, coaching is understood as not only the human resource development strategy but the form of leadership needed for managers in modern business environment. It is believed in previous studies that manager`s coaching behaviors are composed of two factors including supporting problem solving and supporting competency development. Based on this argument, manager`s coaching behaviors are examined and survey items are constructed. Also, the influence of manager`s coaching behavior on the employee`s job performance is investigated in this study. The study results show the manager`s coaching behavior is composed of two factors including supporting problem solving and supporting competency development. However, the study results show the manager`s coaching behavior does not statistically influence on the subordinates` job performance. Finally, we suggest both theoretical and practical implications based upon the findings of this study.

A Study on Luminescence and Discharge Characteristics of EEFL (External Electrode Fluorescent Lamp) Driven by Square Wave for Large sized-LCD panel

조대연(Daeyoun Cho),이연재(Yeon-Jae Lee),조규민(Kyu-Min Cho),오원식(Won-Sik Oh),문건우(Gun-Woo Moon),이상길(Sang-Gil Lee),박문수(Mun-Soo Park) 전력전자학회 2006 전력전자학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

EEFL can be driven by square wave driving method. A square wave is applied directly to both ends of EEFL by cascaded multi-stage full-bridge inverter. The various current shapes of lamp are achieved by various inductors between lamp and inverter. In this paper, it is newly investigated that the area of current directly influences the luminance. Furthermore, the 3-level square wave is considered to drive EEFL with self-discharge characteristics. The highest luminance efficiency is achieved by properly controlling the rate of self-discharge usage.

지자체에 대한 중소기업 HRD 활성화 요구분석

조대연(Cho, Dae-Yeon),박선경(Park, Sun-kyoung),김재현(Kim, Jae-Hyun) 중앙대학교 한국인적자원개발전략연구소 2010 역량개발학습연구 Vol.5 No.3

본 연구는 우리나라 지역평생학습센터가 HRD 차원의 역할 확장을 통해 지역사회 내 중소기업의 재직자 직무능력 향상을 위해 어떤 역할이 필요한지를 분석하고 실천전략들에 대한 우선순위를 도출하는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 용인시로 한정하였으며 NGT를 활용한 전문가 의견 수렴을 통해 용인시 평생학습센터가 HRD 차원에서 어떤 바람직한 역할을 수행해야 할 것인가에 대한 정보를 분석하였다. 또한 설문을 통해 용인시 관내 중소기업의 인사-총무-교육담당자들을 대상으로 용인시 평생학습센터가 제공해야 할 HRD 제도 및 형태에 대한 요구분석 및 우선순위 결과를 제안하였다. 설문을 통해 용인시 관내 중소기업 재직자들의 직업기초능력 요구와 직무역량요구를 분석하여 우선순위를 제안하였다. 결과적으로 용인시 평생학습센터는 HRD 정책방향을 수립하고 관리.감독.평가하는 역할을 수행해야 하며 중소기업은 자기주도학습, 코칭, 리더십 훈련 등의 HRD 제도 지원을 희망하였다. 재직자들은 자기개발능력에 대한 높은 요구를 보였으며 이를 위해 구체적인 직무역량은 비즈니스, 기획력 등으로 분석되었다. 이와 같은 결과를 바탕으로 몇 가지 실천적 함의를 제안하였다. The purpose of this study is to analyze what kinds of roles regional lifelong learning centers have to play in order to expand their functions from providing traditional lifelong learning programs such as cultures, leisures, and arts. To do so, this study is to identify practical strategies based upon the need analysis as well. The target group of this study is limited in Yong-In Lifelong City. To address the purposes, this study uses Nominal Group Technique, which is a method of gathering the data. Through the NGT, the roles that the lifelong learning center of Yong-In City will be able to play are identified. By using the survey, HR staffs who are working at small-medium size enterprises in Yong-In city are asked to identify what kinds of HRD systems they are needed to meet their business objectives. Also, employees who are same workplaces with HR staffs identify the needs of both job related basic skills and job related competencies. As a result, Yong-In lifelong learning center needs to play a role as a hurb to set up the HRD policy that many stakeholders are met and as a monitor as well as an evaluator.

시나리오 기법을 활용한 4차 산업혁명 시대의 미래 교육 방향 예측

조대연 ( Cho Daeyeon ),정홍인 ( Jung Hongin ),강현주 ( Kang Hyunjoo ),이종민 ( Lee Jongmin ),장은하 ( Jang Eunha ),최지수 ( Choi Jisoo ),박선민 ( Park Sunmin ) 고려대학교 HRD정책연구소 2019 휴먼웨어 연구 Vol.2 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 시나리오 기법을 통해 4차 산업혁명 시대의 미래 교육 방향에 대해 예측하고자 한다. 이를 위해 STEEP(사회, 기술, 경제, 환경과 자원, 정치)툴을 활용하여 미래사회와 교육의 방향에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 문헌 분석하였고, 델파이 기법을 통해 전문가들의 의견을 수렴하여 핵심 동인들을 선정한 후, 이들이 미래의 교육 현장에 어떻게 발현될 수 있는지 구상한 후 시나리오를 작성하였다. 연구결과, 선행연구 분석을 통하여 17개의 동인을 도출하였고, 이후 전문가 델파이를 통해 최종 5개의 미래사회 변화 동인을 도출하였다. 저출산 고령화, 과학기술의 발달, 노동시장의 변화, 라이프 스타일의 변화, 세계화 등 다섯 가지 동인을 활용하여 시나리오 기법을 통해 미래교육방향을 제시하고 시사점을 도출하였다. The purpose of this study is to predict the future educational direction of the 4th Industrial Revolution through scenario techniques. To this end, we analyzed the factors influencing the direction of future society and education by using STEEP (Social, Technology, Economic, Environment, Resource, and Politics) tools, and selected core drivers by collecting expert opinions through Delphi technique. Afterwards, scenarios were created after how they could be expressed in future educational settings. As a result, 17 drivers were derived through the analysis of previous studies, and the final five drivers of future social change were derived through expert Delphi. Using the five drivers of low birth rate, aging, development of science and technology, labor market change, lifestyle change, and globalization, the future education directions and implications were suggested through scenario techniques.

평생교육과 인적자원개발의 관계 고찰 - 북미 관련 문헌을 중심으로

조대연(Cho Daeyeon) 한국평생교육학회 2006 평생교육학연구 Vol.12 No.4

  본 연구는 인적자원개발과 평생교육이 과연 독립적인 학문영역인가라는 의문점을 던지면서 이를 논의하기 위한 기준으로 개념정의를 통한 독특한 연구대상 및 영역을 확인하고, 현상을 설명할 수 있는 이론, 그리고 전문가 단체의 존재 여부 등의 기준에 의해 그 답을 찾고자 하였다. 특히 북미에서 발표된 관련 선행연구 고찰을 통해 인적자원개발과 평생교육의 관계를 살펴보고 미래 지향적인 연계가능성을 탐색해 보고자 하였다. 결과적으로 평생교육(성인교육)학과 인적자원 개발 모두 위의 세 가지 기준을 만족한다. 따라서 각각 독립된 학문영역이며 동시에 공통성(성인학습이론, 철학적 기초 등)도 존재한다. 인접학문인 인적자원개발과 평생교육의 관계는 평생교육 영역에서 비교적 신생학문인 인적자원개발을 어떻게 바라보고 이해하느냐에 따라 두 학문영역간의 관계가 다르게 설정될 수 있다. 본 연구는 인적자원개발에 대한 평생교육의 세 가지 관점에 따라 긴장관계 또는 협력관계가 조성될 수 있음을 강조하였다.   This study was to explore whether the human resources development and lifelong education could be distinguished as an independent field of study. Keeping this question in mind, any answers could be discussed with three criteria as follows: (1) whether a unique research field (phenomenon) exists, (2) whether there are theories to understand and explain research phenomenon, and (3) whether professional organization is established to share research findings each other. Particularly, this study conducted deeply a review of the related literature published in North America and explore the possibility of future-oriented relationship between HRD and lifelong education.<BR>  As a result, both lifelong education and human resource development satisfied all the three criteria mentioned above. Thus, all of both is an independent field of study. Also the commonality(e.g., adult learning theories, the basis of philosophy) exists between two independent fields. This study suggests that the relationship between lifelong education and HRD can be built upon how lifelong educators and scholars view and understand HRD. As a result, this study proposed the three perspectives regarding lifelong educators and scholars" viewpoint toward HRD. Depending upon these three perspectives, any tension can be addressed or not.

미국 성인교육 프로그램 개발 이론의 동향: 1990-2001

조대연(Cho DaeYeon) 한국평생교육학회 2004 평생교육학연구 Vol.10 No.1

지난 10여 년간 미국 내 성인교육 프로그램 개발 이론엑 대한 논의는 그 어느 때보다 활발했다. 50년간 이 분야를 주도해 온 전통적 모형이 많은 학자들에 의해 비판의 대상이 되었다. 또한 그 대안적 모형이 등장하고 경험적 연구 결과들은 그 대안적 모형을 뒷받침하였다. 한편에선 전통적 모형과 대안적 모형의 강점들을 합한 절충적 모형을 제안하였다. 본 연구는 활발한 발전적 논의 속에서 동장한 미국의 세 가지 성인교육 프로그램 개발 이론들을 고찰하고 l 각 모형의 특정들을 제시하였다. ERIC 데이터 베이스를 활용하여 1990 년부터 2001 년까지 24 개의 문헌들을 내용 분석 하고, 미국 성언교육 프로그램 개발의 이론적 패러다임 변화와 그 연구방법을 정리하였다. 연구 결과, 세 모형 중 정치협상 모형이 지난 10 여 년간 미국 내에서 가장 왕성하게 연구되어왔고, 통합모형 역사 최근 연구자들의 논의 속에 그 모습을 드러내고 있다. 그러나 50년 역사의 전통 적 모형 역시 최근 연구들에서 그 역할을 다 하고 있다. 지난 10여 년간 연구방법 면에 있어서 이론의 발전적 전개를 위한 문헌연구나 사례연구에 많이 치중하였다. 그러나 최근 질적 연구뿐만 아 니라 양적 연구를 통하여 정치협상 모형의 이론적 틀을 견고히 하고 새로운 경험적 증거들을 제공하기 시작하였다. 오늘날까지 질적 연구가 이 분야의 연구 방법에 주류를 이루어 왔으나, 이론적 틀을 검증하기 위한 양적 연구방법이 이 분야의 발전에 크게 기여할 것으로 보여진다. Since 1949, the technical rational model has continued to dominate into the 19<X)s. In recent years, new approaches (e.g., political negotiation approach and integrative approach) have been introduced in representative periodical journals, books and the annual proceedings of scholarly conferences. This study was to investigate what kinds of theoretical framework has been frequently involved into healthy debate in this field during the past decade. Also, which research methodologies have been used during that period was answered. As a result, this study provided an information about the recent trends and issues of program planning for adults through a review of the literature in the U.S. since 1990. In preparation for this literature review, ERIC database was searched. The key words used to search were both ""adult learning"" and ""program planning."" A review of the abstracts discovered 13 articles and 11 proceeding papers. The results of this study indicated that political negotiation approach is the most popular research issue and integrative approach also has been frequently studied. However, traditional approach does not disappear as well. Furthermore, the role and importance of traditional approach should not be underestimated because traditional approach still provides planners specific information regarding what should be done. Qualitative methods are mainstream in this field. Recently, however, in order to link practice and theory, both qualitative and quantitative studies contributed to developing theoretical frameworks and providing empirical evidences in various settings. Therefore, this study looks forward to seeing the evidences and efforts from quantitative methods as we1l as qualitative methods in the future.

청일전쟁 매체사진 연구

조대연 ( Dae Yeon Cho ) 한국사진학회 2012 AURA Vol.0 No.27