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하악 제3개구치의 외과적 발거시 VAS 및 MPQ를 이용한 동통의 평가에 관한 연구
정철우(Chul Woo Chung),이동근(Dong Keun Lee),정창주(Chang Ju Chung),장동호(Dong Ho Jang),송종민(Jong Min Song) 대한구강악안면외과학회 1994 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.20 No.1
Pain evaluation was done on 64 patients by visual Analogue Scale (VAS), a type of Cross-Modality matching during the surgical extraction of 3rd molars in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery. VAS is a linear scale which classifies according to the degree of discomfort during meals and conversation. The degree of pain was examined of 1 day prior to operation, operation day, and the postoperation first day, second day and seventh day. McGill s Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) was translated into Korean and further classified according to gender, age, location of tooth and analgesics were used for pain evaluation. the following results were obtained. 1. By the VAS scale, pain was higher in males compared to females in preoperation day and postoperation the 1st, 2nd, 7th day, NWC (number of words chosen), PRI(R) (pain rating index rank value) and PRI(S) (pain rating index scale value) on the MPQ were all higher in females than males. 2. VASI (degree of discomfort during meals) and VAS II (degree of discomfort during conversation) was high in subjects in their fifties Post-op. 1st, 2nd day and 7th day. Postoperation pain was highest in subjects in their forties. All VAS III (degree of pain) was the highest in the 4th decade. 3. NWC,PRI(R) and PRI(S) were the highest in subjects in their thirties. 4. For VAS I afloxan group was the most effective analgesic. For VAS II aspirin group was most effecive VAS III decreassed the most in the Post-op. 1st, 2nd day in aspirin group and the most effective in the Post-op. 7th day in afloxan group. Placebo was the least effective in all cases. 5. Distribution for location of tooth was the highest in the width 2 group and height 2 group. 6. In the correlation coefficient analysis. Sensory-NWC, Sensory-PRI(S), Affective-NWC and Affective-PRI(S) showed the highest intercorrelation. 7. The most frequently selected words in MPQ were throbbing, smarting, aching, rasping, troublesome and numb.
붕규산 유리 미분말 혼입 시멘트 복합체의 중성자 차폐능에 대한 평가
정철우 ( Chung Chul-woo ),( Moradllo Mehdi Khanzadeh ),( Weiss W. Jason ) 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 2019 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.23 No.1
This research is to investigate the effect of borosilicate glass powder on neutron shielding capability of cement mortar. The average particle size of the borosilicate glass powder was 13 μm. It was found that the addition of borosilicate glass powder increased 28 day compressive strength. In addition, neutron shielding capability of cement mortar also increased by the addition of borosilicate glass powder. Considering our earlier findings on enhanced thermal neutron shielding of cement mortar by borosilicate glass powder, the use of borosilicate glass powder was found to be effective to shield neutron when the cement mortar was exposed to the neutron radiation. It can be concluded that borosilicate glass powder is a good alternative material for neutron shielding purposes.
정철우(Chul-woo Chung),이민희(Minhee Lee),김선옥(Seon-ok Kim),김지현(Jihyun Kim) 대한자원환경지질학회 2017 자원환경지질 Vol.50 No.4
본 연구에서는 초임계 CO 2 (scCO 2 )를 이용하여 폐콘크리트 순환골재와 반응한 용출수의 pH를 9.8 이하로 유지시켜 (중성화) 재활용할 수 있는 기술을 개발하기 위한 실내 배치실험을 수행하였다. 실험재료로는 건설폐기물중간처리업체 에서 제공받은 세 종류의 순환골재를 사용하였으며, 각 종류별로 골재 입자크기 별로 선별하여 총 7개의 시료를 사용 하였다. 먼저 scCO 2 -물-순환골재 반응에 의해 순환골재의 pH가 지속적으로 낮게 유지되는지를 확인하는 반응실험을 수행하였다. 스테인레스강철로 만들어진 고압셀(150 mL 용량)에 테플론 비이커를 고정시킨 후, 3차 증류수 70 mL와 순환골재 시료 35 g을 혼한한 후 고압용 오븐과 고압시린지 펌프 및 압력조절 장치를 이용하여 10 MPa(100 bar),50 o C 조건에서 50일간 반응시켰다. 반응시간(1, 5, 10, 15, 30, 50일)에 따른 증류수의 pH, 용존 양이온과 음이온 농도를 측정하였다. scCO 2 반응에 의한 순환골재의 지화학적 및 광물학적 변화를 확인하기 위하여 반응 전/후 XRD, SEM-EDS 등의 분석을 실시하였다. 마지막으로 scCO 2 반응 후 순환골재의 용출수 pH 변화를 용출실험을 통하여 규명하였다. scCO 2 -물-순환골재 반응 결과, 반응 전 순환골재의 pH는 평균 12보다 높은 값을 나타내었으나, scCO 2 와반응한 지 1시간 경과 후 증류수의 pH는 7이하로 낮아졌고 반응 50일 까지 pH가 8 이하로 안정되게 유지되었다. 순환골재 종류와 관계없이 scCO 2 와의 용해 반응에 의해 수용액 내 Ca 2+ , Si 4+ , Mg 2+ , Na + 이온들의 농도가 증가하였 으며, scCO 2 반응 후 골재의 XRD, SEM-EDS 분석 결과, 다량의 방해석과 일부 무정형의 규산염과 수산화물이 침전 되었다. scCO 2 로 처리하지 않은 순환골재의 용출수 pH는 용출 시간에 관계없이 12-13을 유지하였으나, scCO 2 로 50 일 처리한 경우와 1일 처리한 순환골재의 경우 모두, 입자크기와 관계없이 용출수의 pH가 9이하를 유지하여 건설현 장에서 순환골재의 재활용이 가능할 것으로 판단되었다. Batch experiments were performed to develop the method for the pH reduction of recycled aggregate by using scCO 2 (supercritical CO 2 ), maintaining the pH of extraction water below 9.8. Three different aggregate types from a domestic company were used for the scCO 2 -water-recycled aggregate reaction to investigate the low pH maintenance of aggregate during the reaction. Thirty five gram of recycled aggregate sample was mixed with 70 mL of distilled water in a Teflon beaker, which was fixed in a high pressurized stainless steel cell (150 mL of capacity). The inside of the cell was pressurized to 100 bar and each cell was located in an oven at 50 o C for 50 days and the pH and ion concentrations of water in the cell were measured at a different reaction time interval. The XRD and SEM-EDS analyses for the aggregate before and after the reaction were performed to identify the mineralogical change during the reaction. The extraction experiment for the aggregate was also conducted to investigate the pH change of extracted water by the scCO 2 treatment. The pH of the recycled aggregate without the scCO 2 treatment maintained over 12, but its pH dramatically decreased to below 7 after 1 hour reaction and maintained below 8 for 50 day reaction. Concentration of Ca 2+ , Si 4+ , Mg 2+ and Na + increased in water due to the scCO 2 -water-recycled aggregate reaction and lots of secondary precipitates such as calcite, amorphous silicate, and hydroxide minerals were found by XRD and SEM-EDS analyses. The pH of extracted water from the recycled aggregates without the scCO 2 treatment maintained over 12, but the pH of extracted water with the scCO 2 treatment kept below 9 of pH for both of 50 day and 1 day treatment, suggesting that the recycled aggregate with the scCO 2 treatment can be reused in real construction sites.