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정대관(Cheong) 성균관대학교 비교법연구소 2005 성균관법학 Vol.17 No.1
This paper deals with one of the most critical questions in cyberspace. According to the development of internet, in particular, libel is common crime in cyberspace. This legal interpretation is in line with Article 307 and 308 of the korea penal code. and so, this paper interprets the practical view of the Article 309 of the penal code includes internet, suggesting the Article revised cover libel in cyberspace. And the Article 310 of the korea penal code provides an affirmative defense to prosecutions under Article 307 and 309. The criminal responsibility of ISP as an actor by non-feasance is debate. when the ISP is lib디 for the internet libel is examined. Especially, considering both the freedom of expression and order of cyberspace, this paper suggests 'good samarian principle' to ISP should be limited.
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鄭大寬 단국대학교 대학원 1982 學術論叢 Vol.6 No.-
Various arguments for and against the death penalty have been published. To summarize some arguments; (1) Vengeance; The death penalty retentionists maintain that the death penalty is a social retribution and is a proper punishment. The death penalty abolitionists argue that social vengeance by death is a primitive way of revenge which stands in the way of moral progress. (2) Recidivism; The retentionists maintain that unless the criminals are punished by death, life imprisonment will be commute and the criminals will be parolled, and will repeat the crime. The abolitionists maintain that the life imprisonment need not be commuted and what is faulty is the current parole system and not the anti-death penalty theory. (3) Deterrence; The retentionists argue that with the death penalty a potential criminal will not commit a crime with the prospect of his own death. The abolitionists maintain that life imprisonment is an equal or better deterrent than death penalty. (4) The error of judgement; The Judgement is not necessarily correct and judicial error can execute the innocent. (5) Dictatorship; The general abolishment of the death penalty would prevent the crime of murdering political opponents with different ideology under the name of national security or treason. In this view, Death penalty was applied elastricitly in order to conquest that state was faced with a situation, for example, political danger, economical difficults. curtural discard and social issue, etw. Expecially, we are hold one's ground against the enemy since 1950, the existence of death penalty system is regarded as remarkably valuable provisions.
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정대관 한국비교형사법학회 2003 비교형사법연구 Vol.5 No.2
Neue Medien wie das Internet schaffen nicht nur neue Moglichkeiten, sondern werfen sie auch neue Schwierigkeiten auf, die mit dem bestehenden Regeln in zufriedenstellender Weise gelost werden konnen. Die Anonymitat und Unuberschaubarkeit des Cybernets sowie die zum Teil noch indifferente Rechtslagen der Lander fur die virtuelle Welt und deren rasante Entwick- lung sind die generellen Grunde des vermehrten Missbrauchs des Internets. In diesem Vortrag wird gezeigt, dass unter Ausnutzung des Internets nahezu alle Delikte verwirklicht werden, und stellen sich die Formen der moglichen Kriminalitat im Cyberspace dar. Die Kriminalitatsformen lassen sich grob in drei Gruppen einteilen: zum ersten in die Gruppe ist Sexual- missbrauch mit Internet etwa Verbreiten von Pornographie oder Forderung der Prostitution Minderjahriger, zum zweiten Verletzungen von personlichen Daten durch Internet wie Hacking und Computersabotage, zum dritten Ubel Nachrede im Cyberspace. Am Schluss wird gezeigt, dass es die absolute Kontrolle im Cyberspace weder geben darf noch kann. Denn durch die rechtlichen Regelungen zur Verhinderung der Kriminalitat im Cyberspace darf das Nutzen des Internets nicht aufgehort werden. Bei der Gesetzgebung handelt es sich vor allem um die Harmonisierung des Spannungsverhaltnisses zwischen den Forderungen von Fernmeldetechnologie und dem Schutz des Menschenrechts im Cyber- space.
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모르핀이 백서 뇌 별아교 세포의 세포죽음에 미치는 영향
이창수,손용,김귀순,이강창,김태요,정영표,김명선,최덕화,정대관 대한마취과학회 2000 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.38 No.2
Background : Astrocytes, representing a major non-neuronal cell population in the central nervous system (CNS), contain opioid receptors and are actively involved in several brain functions. This study is designed to evaluate the effects by which morphine contributes to cytotoxicity of nitric oxide (NO) species including NO and peroxynitrite (ONOO) in primary astrocytes isolated from the cerebral cortexes of 1-2 day sprague-Dawley rats. Methods : The cultured cells were pretreated with morphine and exposed to 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) which simultaneously gene,rates NO and superoxide, thus possibly forming peroxynitrite. The cell damage was assessed by using an MTT (methylthizol-2-y1-2, 5-diphenyl, tetrazolium bromide) assay. Morphological nuclear changes of the cells after exposure to SIN-I for 24 hours was evaluated by using 4, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. Results : Morphine significantly protected primary rat astrocytes in a dose-dependent manner from the death mediated by sodum nitroprusside (SNP), a donor of nitric oxide, and SIN-1. Moreover, it was found that naloxone antagonized the protective effect of morphine on SIN-1-induced cell death, revealed as apoptosis by the occurrence of morphological nuclear changes characteristic of apoptosis. Morphine also inhibited the nuclear condensation of SIN-1-treated cells, however the action of morphine was antagonized by pretreatment of naloxone. The protective role of morphine on SIN-1-induced cyto- toxicity was inhibited by DL-Buthionine-[S, R]-sulfoximine (BSO). Furthermore, the effects of morphine on SIN-1-induced cytotoxicity were blocked by pretreatment of Gi protein inhibitor, pertussis toxin, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3 kinase) inhibitors, Wortmannin and LY294002. Conclusions : These results suggest that morphine may protect primary rat astrocytes from NO species via the signaling cascades involving G-protein and PI3-kinase, and possibly regulates the anti-oxidant, glutathione (GSH). (Korean J Anesthesiol 2000; 38: 348-355)
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