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체제전환기 러시아연방공산당의 정치적 위상 변화에 대한 소고: 민족주의 담론을 중심으로
장세호 ( Se Ho Jang ) 朝鮮大學校 統一問題硏究所 2011 統一 問題 硏究 Vol.26 No.2
소련 붕괴 후 신생 러시아 사회 내에 만연한 전체주의적 중앙집권체제에 대한 병적인 거부 환경 속에서도, 소련의 전형적 당-국가 체제에서 중핵적 위치를 차지했던 ‘소련공산당(КПСС)’의 후신인 ‘러시아연방공산당(КПРФ)’은 여전히 자신의 질긴 생명력을 증명하고 있다. 본 논문은 “무엇이 러시아연방공산당의 조직적 생존과 대중적 지지의 유지를 가능케 했는가?”, 그리고 “현재 이들이 향유하고 있는 정치적 위상은 지속 가능한 것인가?”에 대한 문제의식의 해결을 목적으로 한다. 1993년부터 2007년까지 신생 러시아 내에서의 선거과정 분석을 통해, 90년대 중반 공산당의 화려한 재기는 무엇보다 ‘공산애국주의(коммунопатриотизм)’로 대변되는 러시아 좌익진영의 민족주의에 바탕을 둔 우향(右向) 기동에서 그 주요 원인을 찾을 수 있겠다. 그리고 2000년대 초반 공산당의 급속한 지지율 저하는, 민족주의 담론의 활용에 상대적으로 소극적이던 집권세력이 푸틴의 등장 이후 적극적으로 자신의 통치담론으로 민족·애국주의를 편입시킴으로써 발생한 민족주의 담론 경쟁의 패배에서 비롯된 것이라 할 수 있다. 탈소비에트 러시아 정치공간 내에서 유일한 실질 야당으로 존재하는 러시아연방공산당은 자신의 생존과 영향력 증대를 위해 당분간 민족주의적 프로그램을 유지하면서도, 본연의 사회주의적 가치를 강화하는 방향으로 나아갈 것으로 보인다. The collapse of the Soviet Union created a feeling of denial in regards to the totalitarian centralized system in Russian society. Yet the Communist party of the Russian Federation(CPRF), the successor of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union(CPSU) that had occupied the key position in the Soviet party-state system, still has proved themselves capable of competing with other larger parties. In this paper, following questions will be addressed. What makes the Russian Federation Communist Party`s organizational survival and popular support? Additionally, is their current political status sustainable? Through an analysis of the 1993 to 2007 electoral process, the Communist party`s spectacular resurgence in the mid-90s can be explained by the right turn of Russian leftists based on ``communo-patriotism``. However Putin`s advent, the ruling elite, who had been relatively passive to take advantage of some nationalist discourses, positively included nationalism to their governance discourse. The rapid decrease of the Communist party in the early 2000s was derived from their defeat in the nationalist discourse competition with the ruling elite. The Communist party of the Russian Federation has existed as an real opposition party in post-Soviet political system of Russia. In order to survive and build their political influence, the Communist party of the Russian Federation will not only keep a nationalist program, but also reinforce various traditional socialist values.
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장세호(JANG SE HO) 한국슬라브유라시아학회 2014 슬라브학보 Vol.29 No.3
The purpose of this study is to examine main contents of the change of Russian electoral system in 2008-2014, to analyze major causes which led to this change. At this time Russian electoral system has experienced legal changes of Constitution, the law on elections, and the law on political parties in 7 times. Main results of analysis are as follows. First, the most important cause of the institutional reform in this period is the change of voters political preference. Second, the internal and external pressure for deepening democracy is another major cause, and has used as a good reason for the institutional change. Third, the current ruling class of Russia strategically has considered above two factors and has determined the rage of reform in the existing incentive structure. Forth, the process of the institutional change has been implemented through the hegemonic form in which the current ruling class"s strategic intention can be accepted one-sidedly.
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장세호(JANG SE HO) 한국슬라브유라시아학회 2013 슬라브학보 Vol.28 No.2
This study analyses the dynamics and operating mechanism in russian regional elections and at the same time derives political implications in cases of 2011-2012. The mechanism of russian regional elections can be defined as ‘a system of limited party competition’ established in Putin"s 1-2 terms. In this article the author argues that while regional elections in March 2011 are the case with a crisis signal of russian ‘managed democracy,’ regional elections in October 2012 are the case with a maximization of operating the mechanism mentioned earlier. In addition, two elections give some important political implications in the policy directions of the new government, the limits of partial institution reform in the period of Medvedev, and the future political prospects.
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장세옥(Jang Se-ok),이명희(Lee Myung-Hee) 한국사회과교육연구학회 2008 사회과교육 Vol.47 No.3
본 수업 실천과 분석의 목적은 추체험적 역사학습 이론에 바탕을 한 과학기술사 수업의 특성을 구체적으로 살펴보는 데 있다. 이를 위해 추체험적 역사학습 이론에 근거한 과학기술사 수업을 설계하고, 교수·학습 자료를 개발하여 실제 수업에 적용하였다. 수업 결과를 양적·질적 방법으로 분석한 결과를 종합하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 추체험적 과학기술사 수업은 학습자 스스로 사고하는 활동이 많으며, 사고 활동은 주로 역사적 행위자(과학기술자)의 사고 과정이나 문제 해결 과정을 재사고 할 때 일어났다. 둘째, 과학기술상의 발명이나 발견에 대하여 다양한 측면에서 원리를 탐구하는 활동이 이루어졌으며, 학습자는 이후의 발전 가능성을 탐색하는 활동을 가치 있게 여기는 등 사고 확장의 가능성을 보여주었다. 셋째, 발명이나 발견 과정을 추체험하는 체계적인 절차를 경험함으로써, 이를 다른 문제의 해결에도 적용하려는 자발적인 의지를 보였다. 본 수업실천과 분석의 의의는 과학기술사 수업에서 추체험이라는 새로운 방법을 제시했으며, 그 효과를 확인했다는 점이다. 본 수업실천 및 분석의 결과, 역사수업에서 사고력을 육성하는 데 과학기술사 수업이 유용하며, 그 방법으로는 추체험적 역사학습이 효과적이라고 할 수 있다. The purpose of this class implementation and analysis is to closely look into the characteristics of the Science-Technology History based on the theory of historical re-enactment. In search of our objective, we design Science-Technology History instruction based on the theory of historical re-enactment, develop teaching-learning materials, and apply them to the classes in school. The importance of this instructional practice and analysis is that it presented the new method called re-enactment, and we find the instruction very effective. From this class implementation and result of the analysis, we suggested that Science-Technology History is very useful to increase the ability to think in history class, and when it comes to the methodological aspect, historical re-enactment instruction is very effective.
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낙상 예방을 위한 한의학적 치료와 체계적 운동 프로그램 개발
장세인(Se In Jang) 대한스포츠한의학회 2020 대한스포츠한의학회지 Vol.20 No.1
Objectives Fall is one of the major factors that threaten the health of the elderly, so it is important to detect and prevent fall risk groups early. Although prevention of fall is a very important factor for the health of the elderly, no research has been conducted on Korean medical treatment and systematic exercise program to prevent fall. Methods Through the database of the KERIS(Korea Education&Research Information Service), I have found out the causes of falls and exercise programs for fall prevention. In order to develop Korean Medicine protocols for preventing falls, research on ‘gait’, ‘balance’, ‘Parkinson s disease’ and ‘degenerative knee arthritis’ was found in the Korean medicine web databases. Results 1. Assessment for fall prevention: Use Timed Up and Go(TUG) test, Berg Balance Scale, Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment(POMA) for the evaluation of walking and balance. 2. Development of Korean Medicine treatment protocol for fall prevention: Based on previous studies of patients with impaired balance and walking disorders, the following acupoints were chosen: GB44, BL60, GB39, ST36, GB34, SP5, KI3, SP9, ST25, LI4, LR3, TE3, TE5, LI11, SP6. In additon, BL24, BL25, BL26, GV16, GB20 can be added that can affect proprioception stimuli. 3. Systematic exercise program for fall prevention: To prevent fall, start with low intensity, stable exercise(Exercise with chair). The next step is to perform ground exercises using a YangSaengDoInBup that can stimulate core muscles. After that, exercise using tools(GYM-BALL, Thera-Band, Footboard) to increase balance is suitable. Finally, conduct resistance and aerobic exercises to strengthen muscle strength. Conclusions Based on prior studies of elderly people with walking disorder and impaired balance, this study sought to develop the development of Korean medical treatment protocols and systematic exercise programs. However, further clinical trials will be needed to develop sufficient evidence about the effectiveness of Korean medicine treatment for fall prevention in the future.
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당뇨병 및 비당뇨병 말기신부전 환자의 혈액투석에 의한 세포내 수분의 변화: 다주파수 생체전기 임피던스 (MF-BIA)를 이용한 분석
장세나 ( Se Na Jang ),김형욱 ( Hyung Wook Kim ),신영신 ( Young Shin Shin ),진동찬 ( Dong Chan Jin ) 대한신장학회 2009 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.28 No.6
Purpose: During hemodialysis, various methods are used to evaluate adequate water removal; however, few of them are currently clinically applicable. To evaluate the differences of body fluid changes, we have compared changes of ICW (intracellular water) and ECW (extracellular water) before and after hemodialysis in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with MF-BIA. Also various factors influencing in this transcellular body fluid shift were evaluated. Methods: TBW (total body water), ICW, ECW were measured before and after hemodialysis by using MF-BIA in 85 stable maintenance hemodialysis patients in a university hospital. Among these patients, 30 patients (mean age 55.6±12.4 year-old, average dialysis duration 26 months) were diabetic, while 55 patients (mean age 47.1±13.0 year-old, average dialysis duration 69 months) were non-diabetic. Results: ECW/TBW in diabetic and non-diabetic patients were 0.338±0.02, 0.334±0.02, respectively. There was no significant difference between two groups. There were also no significant differences in the sex, age, duration of dialysis, BMI, hemoglobin, total protein, osmolarity of ICW loss/TBW removal. But there was a significant positive correlation between the increase in ultrafiltration volume (UFV:%) and ICW loss in diabetic patients (R=0.51, p=0.019); however, such correlation was not observed in non-diabetic patients. Conclusion: We found that ICW of diabetic patients moved to extracellular spaces even before achieving appropriate dry body weight or less amount of fluid was removed compared to non-diabetic patients. This finding might imply diabetic ESRD patient has relatively low cellular membrane integrity and oncotic pressure maintenance ability to physical transmembrane pressure.
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