시비관리에 따른 작약 ( Paeonia albiflora . Palls ) 의 생육특성과 유효성분 연구

장기운,김소년,서관석,김필주,이희덕 한국토양비료학회 1989 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 Vol.1989 No.43

미생물 첨가에 의한 소규모 정체식 퇴비화

장기운,유영석,Chang, Ki-Woon,Yu, Young-Seok 유기성자원학회 2003 유기물자원화 Vol.11 No.1

본 연구는 소규모의 축사에서 발생하는 축분을 합리적으로 처리하기 위해 소규모 정체식 퇴비화의 적용 가능성을 검토하였다. 이 때 미생물을 첨가하여 퇴비화에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 처리구는 무처리의 대조구, 일반 Bacteria와 Lactobacillus을 처리한 BL구, BL구에 Photo.를 첨가한 BLP구 등 3개를 두었으며, 별도의 퇴비화 장치 없이 퇴적시킨 후 간헐적인 뒤집기를 실시하였다. 원료의 수분함량은 60% 정도였으며, 우분, 왕겨, 톱밥이 혼합되었다. 퇴비화 과정 중 온도는 3일 이내에 $60^{\circ}C$이상 상승하였으며, BLP와 BL구에서 Control구에 비해 초기 온도상승에 우세하였다. 원료의 초기 pH가 높아 퇴비화 과정중 pH 변화는 모든 처리구에서 크지 않았으며, 약알카리성에 머물렀다. EC는 뇨와 분의 계속적인 배출로 축적되어 초기에 높은 값을 보였으며, 퇴비화 과정중 5~10%의 상승을 보였다. C/N율의 감소는 BLP구에서 가장 높은 22.7%를 보였으며, BL과 Control구에서는 각각 19.2와 17.5%의 감소를 보였다. 식물독성평가에서는 BLP가 가장 짧은 시간에 안정되었으며, BL구와 Control구의 차이는 없었다. 소규모 축사농가에서 발생하는 축분의 처리는 적절한 뒤집기와 수분함량을 갖춘 소규모 정체식 퇴비화에 의해 가능하며, 미생물의 첨가는 초기 온도상승과 식물독성물질의 감소에 긍정적이었으나, 부숙도에 큰 영향은 미치지 못하였다. This study was conducted to survey the utilization possibility of composting system of small scale static pile with animal manure produced from cattle shed and the effect of addition of microorganism on the maturity of compost. Microorganisms added in composting substrate were bacteria+lactobacillus(BL)+photo.(BLP). The composting practiced was a windrow system without aeration equipment and turning was practiced periodically. The water content of substrate mixed with cow manure, rice husk, and sawdust was about 60%. The temperature during the composting process was increased at over $60^{\circ}C$ within 3 days after composting starting. Increase of temperature at the early stage of composting was fasten in BLP and BL than Control. Because the pH of the raw material was high, the changes of pH during composting was little and stabilized in weak alkaline condition. EC value was high for accumulation of manure and urine excreted continuously by animal and the changes of those during composting occurred in 5~10% increase. Reduction rates of C/N ratio were the largest as the 22.7% in BLP and 19.2and 17.5% in BL and Control respectively. In the evaluation of phytotoxicity, there was stabilized within the short time in BLP and not the difference between BL and Control. Treatment of animal manure produced from small scale cattle shed was possible by using the small scale static pile composting system with reasonable water content and turning and the addition of microorganism in composting substrate was effected on the temperature increase at the early stage of composting and reduction of plant toxicity compounds but little on the maturity of compost.

도시수상(2): 도시인과 오늘의 신

장기운 대한지방행정공제회 1968 도시문제 Vol.3 No.10

계분 및 돈분퇴비의 연용에 의한 토양의 물리화학성 변화

장기운,조성현,곽정하,Chang, Ki-woon,Cho, Sung-hyun,Kwak, Jung-ha 유기성자원학회 1999 유기물자원화 Vol.7 No.1

계분과 돈분퇴비의 연용에 따른 토양의 이화학적 특성을 검토하기 위하여 0~120 Mg/ha 범위의 퇴비를 3년간 연용하였다. 토양의 pH는 시험전 7.1에서 계분 및 돈분퇴비 3년 연용후 6.4~6.9 수준으로 낮아졌으며, 양이온치환용량(CEC)은 퇴비시용에 따라 무비구에 비해 증가하였으나, 연용에 의해 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 치환성양이온함량은 3년 연용후 현저히 증가되었으며, 전기전도도(EC)는 돈분 120Mg/ha 처리구에서 최대 1.25 ds/m 수준까지 높아졌다. 퇴비의 연용에 의해 경도, 용적밀도가 낮아지고, 토색이 짙어져 암갈색을 띠는반면, 공극율은 증가하였다. 계분 및 돈분퇴비를 3년간 연용한 결과 1년, 2년 시용시 돈분퇴비 처리구가 계분 처리구에 비해 토양 중 더 많은 양분축적을 보였으나 3년 연용시에는 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. The changes of soil physico-chemical properties were investigated in the sandy loam soil amended with various application rates of chicken and pig manure composts. After repeated application of the composts for 3 years, total nitrogen content in soil treated with applied 120Mg/ha of chicken and pig manure composts was 2.1 g/kg equally. Organic matter content was 38.8 and 39.1 g/kg, available phosphate content was 602 and 585 mg/kg, and cation exchange capacity(CEC) was 10.1 and 12.4 cmol/kg in chicken and pig manure compost 120 Mg/ha treatment, respectively. Exchangeable K, Ca, Na, Mg contents, and electrical conductivity(EC) increased with the amount of applied compost. Also, with increased amount of applied compost, porosity of soil increased, but hardness, bulk density and Y value decreased.

하수슬러지와 Alum 슬러지를 이용한 퇴비화

장기운,임재신,이인복,김영한,Chang, Ki Woon,Lim, Jae Shin,Lee, In Bog,Kim, Young Han 유기성자원학회 1995 유기물자원화 Vol.3 No.1

본 실험은 alum슬러지를 도시하수슬러지나 톱밥과 같은 유기물질들과 혼합하여 퇴비화를 하였을때 그 사용 가능성을 알아보고자 실행되었다. 톱밥과 제지슬러지를 같은 부피의 비율로 혼합한 후 alum슬러지를 이들 원료에 대해서 부피로 0%, 25%, 35%, 45%를 혼합하였다. 퇴비화장치는 aerated static pile을 사용하였으며, 화학분석과 미생물의 변화를 조사하여 부숙정도를 판정하였다. 퇴비화 과정중 0%와 25% alum 처리구는 30일 까지 온도가 $55^{\circ}C{\sim}68^{\circ}C$까지 급격히 상승하였으며 세균 및 방선균의 수가 급격히 증가하였으나, 35%와 45% alum 처리구의 온도는 $50^{\circ}C$ 이상 올라가지 않았다. 퇴비화 기간중 모든 처리구에서 탄소함량과 C/N율은 점차적으로 감소하였다. 양이온 치환용량(CEC) 은 0%, 25% alum 처리구에서 퇴비화 30일 동안 70me/100g까지 증가하였으나 다른 처리구에서는 약간 증가하거나 혹은 증가하지 않았다. This study is concerned with the assessment of the possibility of alum sludge composting, as well as changes of some chemical properties during composting. Alum sludge was mixed in different proportions, which are 0%, 25%, 35% and 45%, respectively, with a sewage sludge and sawdust mixture. The final mixtures to be composted are placed on static piles constructed with a perforated aeration pipe on the ground, and composted for more than 50 days. During the composting of some alum sludge treatments, there was not notable difference in changes of pH, C/N ratio, and content of several minerals among the alum sludge treatments, while changes of pile temperatures and CEC were significant and these remarkable differences in related to the pile temperatures and CEC seem suitable for the evaluation of alum sludge maturity. Also, the results suggested that the proper mixing ratio of alum sludge for composting was 25% level.

유황성분(硫黃成分)이 마늘의 향기성분(香氣成分)에 미치는 영향(影響)

장기운,황준영,우인식,Chang, Ki Woon,Hwang, Joon Young,Woo, In Shik Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer 1988 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.21 No.2

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 유황시비(硫黃施肥)에 따른 마늘의 품질(品質)과 수량(收量)에 미치는 영향(影響)에 관한 시험(試驗)으로서 1986년산(年産) 서산한지형(寒地形) 마늘을 pot 및 포장(圃場)에서 유황시용량(硫黃施用量) 5개처리구(個處理區)(0, 10, 20, 30, 40kg/10a)를 3반복(反覆) 난괴법(亂塊法)으로 배치(配置)하여 재배(栽培)하였다. 재배기간중(栽培期間中) 주요(主要) 생육단계별(生育段階別)로 7회에 걸쳐 지상부(地上部)와 지하부(地下部)의 생육특성(生育特性) 및 수량조사(收量調査)와 마늘향기(香氣)의 주성분(主成分)인 diallyl disulfide를 비롯한 14종의 유기유황(有機硫黃) 화합물(化合物)을 GC 및 GC/MASS로 분리(分離), 확인(確認), 정량(定量)하여 얻은 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 지상부(地上部)의 생육조사(生育調査) 결과(結果)는 유황시비량(硫黃施肥量)에 따라 영향(影響)을 미치지 않으나, 지하부(地下部) 수량(收量)에 영향(影響)을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 2. Pot 시험(試驗)에서는 10a당(當) 유황(硫黃) 10kg 시비해당구(施肥該當區)인 처리구(處理區)(S-10)에서, 포장시험(圃場試驗)에서는 20kg 시비(施肥)한 처리구(處理區)(SF-20)에서 마늘구근(球根)의 수량(收量)이 가장 많았다. 3. 마늘 향기성분(香氣成分)의 주성분(主成分)으로서 휘발성(揮發性) 유기유황(有機硫黃) 화합물(化合物)인 diallyl sulfide, allyl methyl dithia cyclo pentene, methyl propyl disulfide(Z+E), diallyl disulfide, dipropenyl disulfide, dipropenyl disulfide(isomer), allyl methyl trisulfide, 3-vinyl-1, 2-dithia cyclo bexa-5-ene, 3-vinyl-1, 2-dithia cyclo hexa-4-ene, diallyl trisulfide, allyl propyl trisulfide 및 dipropenyl trisulfide의 함량(含量)은 pot 시험(試驗)에서는 SP-10, 포장시험(圃場試驗)에서는 SF-20구(區)에서 가장 높았다. 4. 상기(上記) 유기유황화합물(有機硫黃化合物)은 생육초기(生育初期)부터 지상부(地上部)에서 생합성후(生合成後) 지하부(地下部)로 이동(移動)되는 것으로 판단(判斷)되었다. 5. 마늘의 수량(收量), 마늘중 총유황(總硫黃) 및 휘발성(揮發性) 유기유황(有機硫黃) 향기성분함량(香氣成分含量)의 측면(側面)에서 판단(判斷)할 때 본(本) 시험(試驗)에 사용된 공시품종(供試品種)과 토양조건(土壤條件)에서는 10a당(當) 20kg의 유황시비구(硫黃施肥區)에서 포장경작시(圃場耕作時) 수량(收量)과 품질(品質)이 가장 양호(良好)한 것으로 나타났다. The relationship between the sulfur fertilization, and the quality and yield of garlic was investigated. The garlic was grown in pot and field at the five fertilization levels of sulfur. The growth characteristics, yield and flavour components of the garlic were studied. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The sulfur applications contributed to a weight and yield of the bulb in SP-10 (10kg/10a) and SF-20 (20kg/10a) significantly, respectively. 2. From the volatile oil obtained by steam distillation of garlic, fourteen organie sulfur components were separated, identified and quantified by GC and GC/MASS and the SP-10 and SF-20 were higher in the concentration of the flavour components in the volatile oil than other treatments. 3. It is considered that the organic sulfur components were synthesized in the top and transported to the bulb of the garlic. 4. In conclusion, SF-20, 20kg/sulfur per 10a, could be recommended to get maximum yield and a good quality of garlic in view of evaluation through the contents of organic sulfur components in the volatile oil and the yield of the bulb.

건조조건에 의한 알로에의 부위별 , 품종별 지방산 유기산 및 Barbaloin 성분 연구

장기운,장기철,박종상,남윤규 한국응용생명화학회 1993 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.36 No.4

The fatty and organic acids, and barbaloin in various parts of aloe species dried at different temperatures were analyzed by GC and HPLC. Seven fatty acids and six organic acids were identified and quantified. In the case of fatty acids, generally, the contents of palmitic and eicosanoic acid were abundants, and compared to the total contents of seven fatty acids, Aloe arborescence variant 1 was abundant, but Aloe saponaria was poor. And six fatty acids were distributed in the aloe species with the exception of linoleic acid. The contents of malic, citric and oxalic acids in the aloe species were higher than those of other acids, and compared to the sum of contents of six organic acids, Aloe saponaria was high, but Aloe arborescence variant 1 was low. Therefore Aloe arborescence variant 1 was abundant in total fatty acids, but poor in total organic acids. The contents of fatty and organic acids in the sample dried at 65℃and 80℃ air circulation were almost similar. The contents of fatty and organic acids in the freeze-dried samples were lower than in the other dried samples. The contents of barbaloin in Aloe arborescence and A. arborescence variant 1 were higher than those of other various samples, and barbaloin was not detected in Aloe saponaria. As the drying temperature was increased, the contents of barbaloin in the various parts of the Aloe vera decreased.

대두의 발아 및 성숙과정중 토코페롤과 지방산의 변화

장기운,이인복 한국농화학회 1993 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.36 No.2

The concentrations of tocopherols and compositions of fatty acids during germination and maturation of soybean seeds were determined by HPLC and GC. In germination stages, when the length of seedling axis was about 10 ㎝, the contents of total tocopherols and lipids were the highest. At the early phase of pod filling on field condition, the concentration of δ-tocopherol in soybean seeds was the highest, but, in further pod filling, the content of δ-tocopherol decreased continuously, and α- and γ-tocopherol increased. Accumulation of oil during pod filling seems to be determined at the beginning. There seem positive correlations between several tocopherol homologues and fatty acids.

Aerated Static Pile 을 이용한 제지 및 하수슬러지의 혼합 퇴비화

장기운,이인복,임현택 한국폐기물자원순환학회 1997 한국폐기물자원순환학회지 Vol.14 No.1

돈분과 피마자박의 혼합비율에 따른 퇴비화 연구

장기운,이종진,홍주화,김남천,김완주,최우영 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2007 농업과학연구 Vol.34 No.2

This study was conducted to estimate the humificating grade according to experiment of physico-chemical characterization and phyto-toxicity during composting of using with pig manure and castor meal. The material ratios of the compost which was mixed with pig manure(P), castor meal(C), and saw dust(S) were 5 : 1 : 4(PCS-I), 5 : 2.5 : 2.5(PCS-II) and 5 : 4 : 1(PCS-III) by volume to volume, and they were decomposed for 60 days. In the result, the changes of temperature in all treatments during composting were rapidly increased more than 68℃ at the incipient stage, and gradually decreased within 39℃ at 60 days the after treatment. pH was slowly increased from 7.5 to 7.7, and the C/N ratio was 13∼14 at the final composting stage. The low C/N ratio value in this compost was caused by the castor meal contented high nitrogen level(T-N 5.7 %). G.I.(germination index) was showed 73 to 78 range in all treatments at the 60^(th) day. Among all treatments PCS-I was appeared to be the best condition for composting.