In vitro에서 β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 활성과 amyloid β protein 생산에 대한 총명탕가미방(聰明湯加味方)의 효과

임정화,정인철,임종순,김승형,이상룡,Lim, Jung-Hwa,Jung, In-Chul,Lim, Jong-Soon,Kim, Seung-Hyung,Lee, Sang-Ryong 대한한방신경정신과학회 2010 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.21 No.2

Objectives : This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of Chongmyung-Tang Prescription Combination(CmTP-$C_{1-10}$) extract on the production of amyloid $\beta$ protein and $\beta$-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme(BACE) activity. Methods : The effect of CmTP-$C_{1-10}$ extract on expression of APP mRNA, BACE2 mRNA in BV2 microglia cell line treated by lipopolysacchride(LPS) and amyloid $\beta$ protein fragment(A$\beta$ fragment) were investigated. The effect of CmTP-$C_{1-10}$ extract on production of amyloid $\beta$ protein(A$\beta$) in BV2 microglia cell line treated by LPS and A$\beta$ fragment were investigated. The effect of CmTP-$C_{1-10}$ extract on BACE activity were investigated. Results : 1. CmTP-$C_9$ extract the most significantly suppressed the expression of APP mRNA, BACE2 mRNA in BV2 microglia cell line treated by LPS and A$\beta$ fragment. 2. CmTP-$C_9$ extract significantly suppressed the production of A$\beta$ in BV2 microglia cell line treated by LPS and A$\beta$ fragment. 3. CmTP-$C_9$ extract the most significantly inhibited BACE activity. Conclusions : These results suggest that CmTP-$C_9$ may be effective for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Investigation into clinical use of CmTP-$C_9$ for Alzheimer's Disease is suggested for future research.

신생아 집중치료실 입원아에 있어서 전신성 칸디다증의 임상적 특징 : 전신성 세균 감염증과 비교

임정화,박경필,김진경,김행미,Lim, Jung Hwa,Park, Kyung Pil,Kim, Jin Kyung,Kim, Heng Mi 대한소아청소년과학회 2002 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.45 No.7

목 적: 신생아 집중치료실에 장기간 입원 중인 환아는 입원중 전신성 감염을 일으킬 위험이 있다. 이미 항생제를 투여 받고 있는 환아에서 전신 감염 증상이 발현하면, 전신성 칸디다증은 장기간의 amphotericin B의 투여가 필요하며 세균 감염증은 감수성 있는 항생제로의 교체를 필요로 한다. 본 연구에서는 미숙아인 저출생 체중아를 대상으로 전신성 칸디다증의 임상증상과 증상 발현시의 검사 소견을 전신성 세균 감염증과 비교함으로써 이들 소견의 조기 감별 진단 상의의를 조사하였다. 방 법 : 1997년 1월부터 2001년 6월까지 경북대학교병원 신생아 집중치료실에 입원했던 미숙아 중 저출생 체중아 중에서 배양검사로 확인된 전신성 칸디다증 20례와 전신성 세균 감염증 23례를 대상으로 하여 이들의 의무 기록을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결 과: 전신성 칸디다증 환아(이하 칸디다군)의 출생시 체중은 $1,290{\pm}290g$으로 전신성 세균 감염증 환아(이하 세균군)의 $1,530{\pm}430g$보다 유의하게 작았으며, 총 정맥 영양, 항생제 투여, 중심 카테테르, 기관 삽관, $H_2$ 차단제 사용의 빈도가 더 높았다. 임상 양상에 있어서는 서맥 동반 무호흡 및 호흡 곤란이 두 군의 주된 발현시 증상으로, 발현 빈도는 칸디다군(90%)에서 세균군(61%)에 비해 높았다. 증상 발현시 시행한 검사 소견에서 혈소판 감소증과 백혈구 감소증이 동반된 경우가 칸디다군 7례(35%), 세균군 2례(9%)로 두 군 사이에 유의한 차이를 보였다(P=0.03). 균은 대부분 혈액에서 배양되었으며(칸디다군 19례, 세균군 19례), 그 외에 요, 중심 카테테르, 뇌척수액 등에서 배양되었다. 감염균은 칸디다군은 Candida albicans가 15례, 세균군은 Klebsiella pneumoniae와 Enterobacter cloacae가 각각 5례로 가장 빈번하였다. 결 론 : 신생아 집중치료실에 장기 입원 중 전신 감염증 증상을 보이는 환아에서 호흡기 증상과 함께 검사상 혈소판 감소 단독 또는 혈소판 감소증과 백혈구 감소증이 동반된 경우에는 전신성 칸디다 감염증 가능성이 높을 것으로 사료된다. Purpose : Long term hospitalized infants in neonatal intensive care units(NICUs) are prone to systemic infection. It is important to differentiate systemic candidiasis from systemic bacterial infection early in the course. Thus, in this study, we have compared clinical characteristics of systemic candidiasis and systemic bacterial infection, in premature low birth weight infants. Methods : Retrospective chart review of the medical records of 20 patients with systemic candidiasis and 23 patients with systemic bacterial infection was performed. Results : Among the risk factors of systemic candidiasis, total parenteral nutrition(TPN), the use of broad spectrum antibiotics, central catheter insertion, endotracheal intubation and the use of H2 blockers were more frequent in neonates with systemic candidiasis than neonates with systemic bacterial infection. Apnea with bradycardia developed more frequently in neonates with systemic candidiasis compared with systemic bacterial infection(75% vs 39%). In laboratory findings at symptom onset, seven cases(35%) of systemic candidal infections and two cases(9%) of systemic bacterial infections showed leukopenia and thrombocytopenia(P=0.03). Blood was the most frequent isolation site of candida and bacteria. Conclusion : In neonates with systemic candidiasis, apnea with bradycardia, pneumonia and thrombocytopenia were prone to develop more frequently. The use of TPN, antibiotics and central catheters was strongly associated with systemic candidiasis. Empirical treatment with antifungal agent should be considered in critically ill neonates with above findings.

범불안장애의 불안증상에 대한 가미소요산의 제형별 효능 비교 임상연구의 중간보고

임정화 ( Jung Hwa Lim ),서복남 ( Bok Nam Seo ),이상룡 ( Sang Ryong Lee ),정인철 ( In Chul Jung ) 대한한방신경정신과학회 2010 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.21 No.3

Objectives: The purpose of this research is to examine the efficacy of Gamisoyosan on anxiety of generalized anxiety disorder according to dosage form. Methods: In this randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled study, we planned to give Gamisoyosan simple extract mixture or Gamisoyosan compound extract or controlled medication for major symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. As preparatory research, Hamilton rating Scale for Anxiety(HAM-A) was measured as the 1st evaluative instrument, and Korean State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI-K), Penn State Worry Questionnaire(PSWQ) Korean Beck`s Depression Inventory (BDI-K), Symptom Checklist-90-Revised(SCL-90R), WHO Quality of Life Abbreviated(WHOQOL-BREF) and Heart Rate Variability(HRV) were also measured as the 2nd evaluative instrument at the before treatment. Results: Demographic characteristics showed that there are Clinical characteristics-vital signs are within the normal range. The characteristics of disease-chief complaint, pattern Identification and etiological factor of the highest frequency number were worry, heart deficiency with timidity(心膽虛怯), family matters. The average period of disease in subjects is 6.31years. The results of Chest PA, EKG and clinicopathologic examination are within the reference range. The Scores of HAM-A, STAI-K, PSWQ were measured above the cutoff point. There are significant positive correlations among HAM-A, STAI-K, BDI-K and among HAM-A, STAI-K, PSWQ. There are no significant correlations between PSWQ and BDI-K. Conclusions: We considered that selection of subjects in this research is appropriately accomplished And this methodology is expected to be applied to the subsequent research. And also, we hope to make up for this study through various study and discussion.

두침(頭鍼)을 병행한 한방치료(韓方治療)를 통한 진전(振顫) 환자(患者) 4례(例)에 대한 증례 보고

임정화 ( Jung Hwa Lim ),정인철 ( In Chul Jung ),이상룡 ( Sang Ryong Lee ) 대한한방신경정신과학회 2004 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.15 No.2

팔미합총명탕(八味合聰明湯) 열수추출물, 초미세분말제형이 Alzheimer`s Disease 병태 모델에 미치는 영향

임정화 ( Jung Hwa Lim ),이상룡 ( Sang Ryong Lee ) 대한한방신경정신과학회 2008 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.19 No.2

Objective : This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of the PMCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on Alzheimer`s Disease Model Induced by βA. Method : The effects of the PMCMT hot water extract on expression of proinflammatory cytokine mRNA in BV2 microglial cell cell line treated by lipopolysacchaide(LPS). The effects of the PMCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on (1) the behavior (2) AChE in serum (3) the infarction area of the hippocampus, and brain tissue injury in Alzheimer`s diseased mice induced with βA were investigated. Result : 1. The PMCMT hot water extract suppressed the expression of proinflammatory cytokine mRNA in BV2 microglial cell line treated with LPS. 2. The PMCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder a significant inhibitory effect on the memory deficit was shown for the mice with Alzheimer`s disease induced by βA in the Morris water maze experiment, which measured stop-through latency and distance movement-through latency 3. The PMCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder suppressed the over-expression of AChE activity in the serum of the mice with Alzheimer`s disease induced by βA. 5. The PMCMT ultra-fine powder reduced infarction area of hippocampus significantly, and the PMCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder controlled the injury of brain tissue in the mice with Alzheimer`s disease induced by βA. Conclusions : These results suggest that the PMCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder may be effective for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer`s disease. Investigation into the clinical use of the PMCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder for Alzheimer`s disease is suggested for future research.

대·중소기업간 불균형 해소를 위한 규제현황과 개선방안 - 유통산업분야를 중심으로 -

임정화 ( Lim Jung Hwa ) 한국유통법학회 2018 유통법연구 Vol.5 No.2

유통산업 분야에서 대기업과 중소기업 간의 불균형 문제를 해소하고자 불공정거래행위를 규율하는 규제는 공정거래분야를 규율하는 일반법인 「독점규제 및 공정거래에 관한 법률」로부터 세부 분야별 개별입법으로 마련된 「하도급거래 공정화에 관한 법률」, 「대규모유통업에서의 거래 공정화에 관한 법률」, 「가맹사업거래의 공정화에 관한 법률」, 「대리점거래의 공정화에 관한 법률」에 이르기까지 다양하며, 그 외에도 대기업의 경제활동 범위를 제한하는 「대·중소기업 상생협력 촉진에 관한 법률」, 「유통산업발전법」, 「소상공인 생계형 적합업종 지정에 관한 특별법」 등이 마련되어 있다. 위와 같은 개별입법 규제방식은 거래당사자 간의 거래 관계에 개입하는 것으로 사적자치의 원칙을 훼손하며, 사전의 실증적 검토 없이 도입된 것이 대부분이어서 규제의 내용이 중복되는 등 그 효용성에 의문이 있다. 또한 최근 공정거래법 개정을 통해 입법적 보완이 있었던 만큼 개별입법을 정당화하는 논거는 그 설득력이 약화되었다. 한편, 대기업의 경제활동 범위를 제약하는 입법은 영업의 자유를 침해하여 위헌이다. 그러한 점에서, 이와 달리 합헌으로 판단한 대법원과 헌법재판소 다수의견에 반대하며, 헌법재판소 위헌의견에 찬동한다. 시장 또는 경제 주체들에 대한 규제는 시장 참여자들 간의 공정하고 자유로운 경쟁을 촉진하기 위한 구조적인 접근을 최우선으로 하여야 한다. 그리고 난 후 해소되지 않는 불공정성 문제에 대하여는 사적자치의 원칙을 존중하는 가운데 규제의 일관성과 규제 간 체계정당성을 확보하여 접근하여야 한다. 특정 분야에 대한 개별입법규제방식은 지양하여야 한다. 공정거래법에 의해 불공정거래행위에 대한 규제를 일원화하되, 독자적 의의를 갖는 부분은 위임입법을 통해 규율하는 것이 바람직하다. 대기업에 대한 규제이든, 중소기업에 대한 지원이든, 모든 정책의 도입에는 그 효용성에 대한 검증이 선행되어야 한다. 규제가 효용성 검증을 거쳐 신중하게 도입되어 시장이 왜곡될 위험과 사전 검증 없이 규젝 무분별하게 도입되어 시장이 왜곡될 위험을 교량할 경우 시장과 경제주체에게 미치는 영향을 고려한다면 후자를 가볍게 여길 수만은 없다. 한편, 공정하고 자유로운 경쟁을 위한 경제 질서에 기여하지 않거나 중소기업의 경쟁력 증강에 기여하지 않는, 지원 그 자체를 위한 지원 정책은 정당화될 수 없다. 특히 중소기업에 대한 지원이 대기업에 대한 침익적 결과를 초래하는 경우라면 더욱 그러하다. In order to resolve the imbalance between large and small companies in the distribution industry, there are many regulations. For example, “Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act” as a general law that regulates the field of fair trade, “The Act on the Fairness of Subcontracting Transactions”, “Large-scale Distribution Act on Fair Trade in Business”, “The Act on Fairness of Franchise Transactions”, “Act on Fairness of Dealer Transaction”, “The Act on the Promotion of Collaborative Cooperation between Small and Medium Sized Enterprises”, “Distribution Industry Development Act”, “Special Act on Designation of Livelihood-Favorable Industry Types”. Despite the fact that the individual legislative regulatory approach intervenes in the transaction relationship between trading partners, most of individual legislative regulation were introduced without an empirical examination of the dictionary. There is doubt about its usefulness. The argument that justifies individual legislation has weak persuasiveness because of recent legal amendment. Regulations that constraint economic activity scope are unconstitutional. I oppose a Supreme Court and a majority opinion of the Constitutional Court, and I agree with the constitutional court's unconstitutional opinion. Regulation of markets or economic entities is fair and free from the economic agents participating in the market. The structural approach to promote competition should be given top priority. The principle of private autonomy must be respected. Regulation through individual legislation for specific sectors should be refrained as much as possible. Discipline by Fair Trade Act is enough. If necessary, it can be supplemented by notification. Whether it is regulation of large corporations or support for SMEs, The verification should be preceded. Regulations should be introduced carefully and validated. The risk that the market will be distorted due to regulations introduced indiscriminately without prior verification could be serious. If we take into account the impact on the market and the economic agents, we can not take the risk lightly. If they do not contribute to economic order for fair and free competition, Such a regulation can not be justified. Support policies for support itself or regulation for regulation can not be justified. This is especially true if support for small businesses results in catastrophic consequences for large enterprises.

전통놀이 수업이 초등학생의 사회성 발달에 미치는 영향

임정화(Jung Hwa Lim),김재운(Chae Woon Kim) 한국체육교육학회 2009 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.14 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of traditional play learning on the elementary students` development of sociality. For this study 74 students on the 3th grade of the P elementary school in Nam Yang Ju, Gyeonggi-do were chosen as the experimental group and the controlled group respectively by convenient sampling method. And the experimental group had been taken the traditional play class for 10 weeks. The traditional plays like Yut-nori, Tooho-nori, Juldarigi, Gonggi-nori and Chilgyo-nori had been applied to the class. The sociality inventory utilized as research tools were modified according to the purpose of this study. And the responses to the questionnaire were analyzed with t-test using SPSS/PC. The results of this study were as follows: All the subfactors of sociality in experimental group were obviously improved in comparison with the controlled group. In short, sociality was improved by traditional play class in the elementary schools. And this finding suggests that the spread of traditional plays various and easy to use is required.

독서요법과 뉴로피드백을 시행한 심비양허형(心脾兩虛型) 울증(鬱證)환자 치험(治驗) 1례(例)

임정화 ( Jung Hwa Lim ),최강욱 ( Kang Wook Choi ),정인철 ( In Chul Jung ),이상룡 ( Sang Ryong Lee ) 대한한방신경정신과학회 2006 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Bibliotherapy is the field of clinical counceling to treat the emotional, psychiatric and social maladjustment. Neurofeedback is a means by which participants can learn voluntary control of the EEG and has been applied to a range of clinical conditions such as epilepsy, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, depressive disorder. ``Ul-zeong`` comes from obstruction of qi by stress. The mind affect the body. The patient has depressed mood, irritable sign, chest discomfort, flank pain, angry state and some strange feeling on the throat. In this case, a female patient, 30 years old, who complained of amnesia, deficiency of the power of the attention and concentration depersonalization, depressed mood, insomnia ect. We treated the patient with bibliotherapy, neurofeedback and oriental medical treatment such as heral medicine, acupuncture treatment and aroma therapy. In result, the symptoms which she complained were improved.

초등학생 어머니의 양육스트레스, 대처방식 및 한방진단시스템과의 연관성 연구

임정화 ( Jung Hwa Lim ),이인선 ( In Sun Lee ),정인철 ( In Chul Jung ),황보민 ( Bo Min Hwang ),정민정 ( Min Jeong Jeong ) 대한한방신경정신과학회 2010 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.21 No.4

Objectives: This study was to investigate the associations of Parent Stress Index(PSI), Way of Coping Checklist(WCC), and Diagnostic System of Oriental Medicine(DSOM) in mothers of elementary school children. Methods: In the study, K-PSI-SF, WCC, and DSOM were carried out on 202 mothers of ○○elementary school children during June, 2010. Cross tabulation analysis was used to verify the association of PSI, WCC and DSOM. Results: 1. The most common pathogenic factor was Dampness(濕) in total subjects. 2. The score of problem-focused coping methods showed significant difference in PSI grades. 3. The zp and sc10 of Qi deficiency(氣虛), Blood deficiency(血虛), Qi-Stagnation(氣滯), Insufficiency of Yang(陽虛), Heat(熱), Dampness(濕), Dryness(燥), Liver(肝), Heart(心), and Kidney(腎) showed significant difference in PSI grades. 4. The score of total PSI and PSI subscale had negative correlations with problem-focused coping methods. 5. The score of total PSI had positive correlations with Qi-Stagnation(氣滯), Dampness(濕), Dryness(燥), Heart(心), and Kidney(腎) in total subjects. Conclusions: This study provides insights on associations of parenting stress coping methods and diagnostic system in Oriental Medicine. Furthermore, the study shows positive correlations among Qi-Stagnation(氣滯), Dampness(濕), Dryness(燥), Heart(心), Kidney(腎) and PSI, and negative correlations between PSI and Problem-focused coping methods, all with statistical significance.

뇌파를 평가도구로 사용한 침 중재 임상연구 동향

임정화 ( Jung-hwa Lim ),조준희 ( Jun-hee Cho ),김재효 ( Jae-hyo Kim ),김락형 ( Lakhyung Kim ),강형원 ( Hyung-won Kang ),김보경 ( Bo-kyung Kim ) 대한한방신경정신과학회 2021 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.32 No.4

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the recent trends of clinical research on acupuncture using electroencephalogram (EEG) as the outcome measurement. Methods: Nine domestic and foreign databases were searched to collect related studies published up to November 3, 2021. The participants, intervention, outcomes, results of the included studies were extracted and analyzed. Results: A total of 18 studies were selected. Neurological diseases and mental disorders were included in most studies, and vascular dementia were most frequently investigated. Electroacupuncture and body acupuncture intervention were most frequently conducted in seven studies. The most commonly used outcomes using EEG was EEG abnormality. However, in most studies there was accurate description of the EEG measurement. Most studies showed significant difference in EEG outcomes after intervention. The quality of included studies was poor. Conclusions: EEG as diagnostic markers and outcome measurements is increasingly studied. Standardized EEG measurement and the consistent EEG finding for specific diseases are needed to perform the future rigorous studies on EEG as diagnostic and outcome tools.