초산(醋酸), 질산(窒酸), 인산(燐酸)을 함유한 삼원계(三元系) 폐혼산(廢混酸)으로부터 인산(燐酸) 회수(回收)에 관한 기초 연구(硏究)

이향숙,이창훈,신준영,김주엽,안재우,Lee, Hyang-Sook,Lee, Chang-Hoon,Shin, June-Young,Kim, Ju-Yup,Ahn, Jae-Woo 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2005 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.14 No.5

초산, 질산, 인산이 함유된 폐혼산으로부터 인산을 분리하여 재활용하기 위한 방법으로 용매추출법을 이용하였다. 폐혼산에서 초산과 질산을 선택적으로 분리하고, 추출 잔류액에서 인산을 회수하고자 하였다. 주요 실험 변수로는 추출제 농도, 교반시간, 교반속도 등의 변화에 따른 초산, 질산, 인산의 추출거동을 조사하였다. 또한, McCabe-Thiele diagram으로부터 초산, 질산 성분의 추출 및 탈거에 필요한 이론적 단수를 조사하였다. 실험결과 인산염계 추출제를 사용할 경우 초산과 질산을 선택적으로 분리 추출이 가능하였으며, 추출제의 함량은 유기상의 50%가 적합하였다. 교반속도와 교반시간의 영향은 크게 없었으며, 상비(A/O)=1/3, 6단에서 초산과 질산을 완전히 추출 분리하여 인산을 추출잔류액에서 회수가 가능하였다. Recovery of phosphoric acid from waste acid mixture of acetic, nitric and phosphoric acid has been attempted by using solvent extraction method. In this work, organic phosphate was used as an extraction agent. The effect of phosphate concentration, agitation speed and time on the solvent extraction of acetic and nitric acids has been investigated. The optimum concentration of phosphate for preferential extraction of acetic and nitric acids from waste acid was found to be about 50% irrespective of agitation speed and time. Purified phophoric acid was recovered from extraction residue at 1/3 of A/O ratio and 6th stage of extraction stage, which is well consistent with the value calculated by using McCabe-Thiele diagram.

쥐의 뇌 시토졸 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase의 정제 및 특성에 관한 연구

이향숙,주충노,Lee, Hyang-Sook,Joo, Chung-No 생화학분자생물학회 1993 한국생화학회지 Vol.26 No.6

쥐의 뇌 시토졸 분획으로부터 aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH. EC 1.2.1.3)를 황산암모늄 분별침전, DEAE-Sephacel, Blue Sepharose CL-6B, 5'-AMP Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography 방법으로 분리 정제하였다. Short chain aliphatic aldehyde나 aromatic aldehyde에 대한 $K_m$값은 $10^{-3}M$ 수준이 었고 indole-3-acetaldehyde에 대 한 $K_m$값은 $10^{-4}M$ 수준이었으나, succinic semialdehyde에 대해서는 매우 낮은 $K_m$값($10^{-6}M$ 수준)을 나타내었으며 친화력도 가장 큰 것으로 보아 ${\gamma}-aminobutyrate$ 대사와 연관성이 큰 것으로 생각된다. $NAD^+$에 대한 $K_m$값($10^{-5}M$ 수준)은 $NADP^+$에 대한 $K_m$값($10^{-4}M$ 수준)의 1/10 정도이였으며 $NAD^+$가 주로 보조효소로 작용하는 것으로 생각된다. 이 효소의 disulfiram에 의한 억제현상은 disulfiram의 농도가 $10{\mu}M$일 때 효소활성이 약 15% 감소되었으나, disulfiram의 농도가 $25{\mu}M$로 증가하여도 약 30%의 효소활성은 남아있었다. 또한 이 효소는 dehydrogenase 활성외에 esterase 활성을 나타내었고 iodoacetamide, phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate 등에 의해 활성 이 억제 되는 것으로 보아 cysteine, serine, lysine같은 아미노산 잔기가 효소활성 부위에서 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 생각된다. Rat brain cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH, EC 1.2.1.3) was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAF-Sephacel, Blue Sepharose CL-6B and 5'-AMP Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. $K_m$ values of the cytosolic ALDH for short chain aliphatic aldehyde and aromatic aldehyde were $10^{-3}M$ level and that for indole-3-acetaldehyde was $10^{-4}M$ level. However, this enzyme had a very low $K_m$ value ($10^{-6}$ level) and the greatest affinity for succinic semialdehyde suggesting that the cytosolic ALDH seemed to be closely related to the metabolism of ${\gamma}-aminobutyrate$. $K_m$ of this enzyme for NAD was $10^{-5}M$ level while that for $NADP^+$ was $10^{-4}M$ level. It seemed that $NAD^+$ might be mainly used as a cofactor of this enzyme. Rat brain cytosolic ALDH was sensitive to disulfiram and the enzyme activity decreased to about 50% in the presence of $10{\mu}M$ disulfiram but 30% of the total activity of this enzyme remained even in the presence of $25{\mu}M$ disulfiram. This enzyme had esterase activity as well. It was realized that iodoacetamide, phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate inhibited the enzyme activity suggesting that amino acid residues such as cys-teine, serine, lysine might participate at the active site of this enzyme.

An overview of herbal medicine for atopic dermatitis

이향숙,Lee, Hyang-Sook The Korean Medicine Society for the Herbal Formula 2009 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.17 No.2

목 적 : 한약 또는 한약제제의 아토피성 피부염에 대한 치료효과를 조사하고 향후 연구방향을 제시하기 위하여 고찰연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : PubMed에 한약과 아토피성 피부염과 관련된 검색어의 조합을 넣어 포함기준에 맞는 무작위배정 대조군 임상연구만 포함하였다. 연구설계, 치료방법, 대조군, 평가지표, 결과, 부작용 관련 정보를 미리 정해놓은 자료 추출 형식에 맞추어 추출하고 방법론적 질 평가는 옥스포드 질 평가 척도와 그룹 할당 은닉(allocation concealment) 여부를 평가하였다. 연구들이 임상적 및 통계적으로 상이하여 메타분석은 이루어지지 않고 기술적 고찰만 실시하였다. 결 과 : 모두 8편의 연구가 고찰기준을 만족시켰다. 다양한 복합한약제제와 한약이 포함된 외용제가 평가되었는데 8편 가운데 5편에서 아토피성 피부염의 증상을 호전시키는 것으로 나타났다. 방법론적 질은 대체로 양호한 것으로 나타났으며 일부 효과적인 것으로 나타난 한약복합제제에서 간손상 등의 부작용도 보고되었다. 결 론 : 한약 또는 한약제제를 이용한 치료는 아토피성 피부염의 증상개선에 도움이 되는 것으로 보이나 현재 근거는 부족하다. 우리나라에서 많이 쓰이는 한약제제들 역시 엄정한 임상연구를 거쳐 그 효과를 평가하고 근거를 구축해야 할 것이다.

쥐의 뇌 시토졸 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 의 정제 및 특성에 관한 연구

이향숙,주충노 ( Hyang Sook Lee,Chung No Joo ) 생화학분자생물학회 1993 BMB Reports Vol.26 No.6

Rat brain cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH, EC 1.2.1.3) was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAF-Sephacel, Blue Sepharose CL-6B and 5`-AMP Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. K_m values of the cytosolic ALDH for short chain aliphatic aldehyde and aromatic aldehyde were 10^(-3)M level and that for indole-3-acetaldehyde was 10^(-4)M level. However, this enzyme had a very low Km value (10^(-6) level) and the greatest affinity for succinic semialdehyde suggesting that the cytosolic ALDH seemed to be closely related to the metabolism of γ-aminobutyrate. K_m of this enzyme for NAD was 10^(-5)M level while that for NADP+ was 10^(-4) M level. It seemed that NAD+ might be mainly used as a cofactor of this enzyme. Rat brain cytosolic ALDH was sensitive to disulfiram and the enzyme activity decreased to about 50% in the presence of 10 μM disulfiram but 30% of the total activity of this enzyme remained even in the presence of 25 μM disulfiram. This enzyme had esterase activity as well. It was realized that iodoacetamide, phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride, pyridoxal-5`-phosphate inhibited the enzyme activity suggesting that amino acid residues such as cys-teine, serine, lysine might participate at the active site of this enzyme.

2002년 충북의 책들

이향숙(Lee, Hyang-sook) 충북연구원 2002 충북학 Vol.4 No.-

자아개념 증진 통합치료가 유아의 공격성감소에 미치는 효과: 몬테소리교육과 집단치료놀이의 통합치료를 중심으로

이향숙 ( Hyang Sook Lee ) 한국정서.행동장애아교육학회(구.한국정서학습장애아교육학회) 2006 정서ㆍ행동장애연구 Vol.22 No.3

다도교육 프로그램의 효과성에 관한 메타분석 연구

이향숙(Hyang-sook Lee) 국제차문화학회 2020 차문화ㆍ산업학 Vol.47 No.-

This dissertation studied tea ceremony education effect which was studied for 20 years from 2000 to 2019 by using meta-analysis and the main outcome is as follows. First, the size of overall effect of tea ceremony education is 1.601, which is large size. Second, the size of effect of each variable group of tea ceremony education is sociality (1.918), emotion (1.849), personality (1.352), all of which are large sizes. Third, the size of effect of each emotion subordinate variable group of tea ceremony education is positive emotion (2.318), negative emotion (1.408), emotion recognition (0.923), all of which are large sizes. Fourth, the size of effect of each personality subordinate variable group of tea ceremony education is intellectual personality (1.571), moral personality (1.070), civic personality (1.561), all of which are large sizes. Fifth, it is found that the control factor of size of tea ceremony education effect shows difference in size of effect between subordinate control factors only in the size of group. Sixth, publication error analysis to verify feasibility of this study is analyzed by using trim-and-fill. Since the size of effect is large, it can be concluded that tea ceremony education has large effect. 본 연구는 2000년부터 2019년까지 20여 년 동안 연구되어진 다도교육 프로그램의 효과성에 대해 메타분석을 사용하여 연구하였으며 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 다도교육의 전체효과크기는 1.601로 큰 효과크기를 보였으며, 둘째, 다도교육의 변인군 별 효과크기는 사회성(1.918), 정서(1.849), 인성(1.352) 모두 큰 효과크기를 나타냈다. 셋째, 다도교육의 정서 변인군 하위분류 별 효과크기는 긍정적 정서(2.318), 부정적 정서(1.408), 정서 인식(0.923) 모두 큰 효과크기를 가진 것으로 나타났으며 넷째, 다도교육의 인성변인 군 하위분류 별 효과크기는 지적 인성(1.571), 도덕적 인성(1.070), 시민적 인성(1.561)이 모두 큰 효과크기를 가진 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 다도교육의 효과크기 조절요인은 집단크기에 있어서만 조절하위요인 간 효과크기 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 여섯째, 본 연구의 타당성 검증을 위한 출간 오류 분석은 trim-and-fill을 사용하여 분석하였으며 큰 효과크기로 나타나 다도교육이 큰 효과가 있다고 결론 내릴 수 있다.

고구려(高句麗) 고분벽화(古墳壁畵)에 나타난 헤어스타일 분석(分析)과 일러스트레이션

이향숙 ( Hyang Sook Lee ),최근희 ( Keun Hee Choi ) 한국미용학회 2009 한국미용학회지 Vol.15 No.4

The hair style of women in the Goguryeo`s ancient tomb paintings can be said as the root of Korean ancient hair style. It is also the root of beauty art. But, because of its unclear contour and colour, it is very hard to understand its substance. The reason why it is reproduced with the illustration rather than the spatial reproduction is to express such vague part more concretely by using the data. Before entering the illustration, the hair style to reproduce should be selected first. As the Goguryeo`s ancient tomb paintings are on the wall of tombs, there should be paintings which have some discernable contours at least. Even though this condition is satisfied, there are wall paintings which lack the meaning of reproduction in view point of reproduction of ancient hair style. The hair styles for the illustration were selected from these tombs. They are 8 kinds in total: hiljagye, top hair, loosen gimyeong hair, chignon hair, hanged goek, tied jungbal hair, hwangye, and jiknyeo hair. In the illustration, any presumption is possible. But in the approach through the data application, the maximum restraints are imposed on it. The illustration work for the reproduction of Goguryeo women`s hair style was the one that provided the possibility and the limit at the same time. This work will be helpful in any ways for the future reproduction of Goguryeo women`s life style.

거짓침을 이용한 침연구의 현황

이향숙 ( Hyang Sook Lee ) 대한경락경혈학회 2006 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.23 No.1

Objectives: There has been a considerable debate about how to best control for placebo effects in clinical trials of acupuncture. Recently several sham needles were developed and validated. This study aimed at summarising the validation studies of these needles and evaluating the outcomes of the randomised controlled trials (RCTs) using them. Methods: Computerised Literature searches were performed using `acupuncture` AND `placebo OR sham` with a Limitation of the results to RCTs in Medline via PubMed and the Cochrane Library. Only formally validated sham needle controlled studies were included. Data were extracted regarding study design, condition, sample size, credibility testing, intervention and outcomes. Methodological quality was assessed using a modified Jadad scale. Results: Three validated sham needles by Streitberger, Park, and Fink, were identified. Acupuncture`s effectiveness for various conditions was tested using these needles in 12 RCTs. Real acupuncture was superior to sham acupuncture for rotator cuff tendonitis and hypertension. No significant differences between real acupuncture and sham acupuncture emerged for chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting, postoperative nausea and vomiting, menstrually related migraine, acute stroke rehabilitation, chronic/episodic tension-type headache, neutrophil respiratory burst in healthy volunteers, alcohol withdrawal symptoms and chronic poststroke Leg spasticity. Conclusions: The new sham devices have been adequately validated and may be useful tools for investigating specific research question. In spite of the sham needle`s Limits, the results of RCTs using such devices tend to suggest that the clinical effects of acupuncture are Largely due to a placebo response.

만성 요통 한자의 침 치료 경험: 질적 연구

이향숙 ( Hyang Sook Lee ),손행미 ( Haeng Mi Son ),김송이 ( Song Yi Kim ),송미연 ( Mi Yeon Song ),이준환 ( Jun Hwan Lee ),박히준 ( Hi Joon Park ) 대한경락경혈학회 2010 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.27 No.2

Objective: To explore and describe chronic low back pain (cLBP) patients` experience of acupuncture treatment Methods: Eleven patients with cLBP who agreed and completed the informed consent to take part in this qualitative study were interviewed thoroughly and tape-recorded. Transcribed data were read independently by 4 researchers and analysed thematically with ground theory. Results: All participants chose acupuncture treatment for their cLBP because either they preferred, other people recommended, or felt conventional treatment being more comfortable. Most of the participants experienced improvement during acupuncture treatment and continued treatment motivated by mere expectations. Participants also expressed the specific physical responses/sensations to the effect of acupuncture; various adverse effects during the course of acupuncture treatment. Economic burden was another concern when combined with other therapies in Korean Medicine hospitals. It is considered as a specifically important to those who give acupuncture treatment to obtain a full treatment effect. Conclusions: The emotional facts that Korean patients with cLBP receiving acupuncture treatment benefited by the treatment and considering specific sensations from doctor-patient relationship were turned out to be important to have the maximum treatment effect. Findings from this study should be considered in both acupuncture research and practice.