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청금음(淸金飮)이 GUINEA PIG의 기관지(氣管支) 평골근(平滑筋)에 미치는 영향(影響)
이철현,한상환,Lee, Cheol-Hyeon,Han, Sang-Whan 대한한방내과학회 1995 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.16 No.1
These studies were carried out to investigate the effect of Chunggeumeum water extract on the inhibitory contractile action of acetylcholine in guinea pig. The results of these studies were as follows; 1. Contractile force of acetylcholine from trachea smooth muscle in guinea pig was significantly inhibited by Chunggeumeum. 2. Dose-response of acetylcholine pretreated Chunggeumeum in guina pig was not significantly changed. 3. Inhibitory contractile action of acetylcholine pretreated propranolol in guinea pig was decreased. 4. Inhibitory contractile action of acetylcholine pretreated indomethacin was not significantly changed by Chunggeumeum. 5. Inhibitory contractile action of acetylcholine pretreated methylene blue was not significantly changed by Chunggeumeum.
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평폐산(平肺散)의 효능(效能)에 관(關)한 실험적(實驗的) 연구(硏究)
이철현,신조영,Lee, Cheol-Hyeon,Shin, Jo-Young 대한한방내과학회 1998 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.19 No.1
Pyeongpaesan (平肺散) has been used in Korea for many centuries as a treatment for respiratory disease. The effect of Pyeongpaesan (平肺散) on tracheal smooth muscle is not known. The purpose of the present study is to determine the effect of Pyeongpaesan (平肺散) on histamine and acetylcholine induced tracheal smooth muscle contraction in rats and guinea pigs. Guinea pig (500 g, male) and Sprague Dawley rats (200 g, male) were killed by $CO_2$ exposure and a segment (8-10 mm) of the thoracic trachea from each rat and guinea pig was cut into equal segments and mounted 'in pairs' in a tissue bath. Contractile force was measured with force displacement transducers under 0.5 g loading tension. The dose of histamine (His) and acetylcholine (Ach) which evoked 50% of maximal response ($ED_{50}$) was obtained from cumulative dose response curves for histamine and acetylcholine $(10^{-7}{\sim}10^{-4}M)$. Contractions evoked by His $(ED_{50})$ and Ach $(ED_{50})$ were inhibited significantly by Pyeongpaesan (平肺散). In guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle, the mean percent inhibition of acetylcholine induced contraction was 13.5% (p<0.05) after $10{\mu}l/ml$ Pyeongpaesan (平肺散), $64.6\(p<0.01)\;after\;30{\mu}l/ml$ Pyeongpaesan (平肺散), and $92.8\(p<0.01)\;after\;100{\mu}l/ml$ Pyeongpaesan (平肺散). In rat tracheal smooth muscle, the mean percent inhibition of acetylcholine induced contraction was $60.9\(p<0.01)\;after\;30{\mu}l/ml$ Pyeongpaesan (平肺散), and $91.2\(p<0.01)\;after\;100{\mu}l/ml$ Pyeongpaesan (平肺散). Also, in guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle, the mean percent inhibition of histamine induced contraction was $104.8\(p<0.01)\;after\;30{\mu}l/ml$ Pyeongpaesan (平肺散) and $142.3\(p<0.01)\;after\;100{\mu}l/ml$ Pyeongpaesan (平肺散). In rat tracheal smooth muscle, the mean percent inhibition of histamine induced contraction was $63.7\(p<0.01)\;after\;30{\mu}l/ml$ Pyeongpaesan (平肺散), and $107.5\(p<0.01)\;after\;100{\mu}l/ml$ Pyeongpaesan (平肺散). Propranolol $(10^{-7}M)$ slightly but significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of Pyeongpaesan (平肺散). Following treatment with propranolol, the mean percent inhibition caused by $100{\mu}l/ml$ Pyeongpaesan (平肺散) fell to 15.7% (p<0.05) in guinea pig induced by acetylcholine contraction and the mean percent inhibition caused by $100{\mu}l/ml$ Pyeongpaesan (平肺散) fell to 22.3% (p<0.05) in guinea pig induced by histamine contraction and by $100{\mu}l/ml$ Pyeongpaesan (平肺散) fell to 28.7% (p<0.01) in rat induced by histamine contraction. Indomethacin and methylene blue $(10^{-7}\;M)$ did not significantly alter the inhibitory effect of Pyeongpaesan (平肺散). Also, I could find the effects of Pyeongpaesan (平肺散) and Pyeongpaesanga (平肺散加) morphine on the tracheal smooth muscle in guinea pig and rat did not change significantly. These results indicate that Pyeongpaesan. (平肺散) can relax histamine and acetylcholine-induced contraction of guinea pig and rat tracheal smooth muscle, and that this inhibition involves sympathetic effects and the release of cyclooxygenase products.
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태권도 교육 서비스 구매 후 소비자 만족도가 수련 지속성에 미치는 영향
김경지(Kim, Kyung-Ji),이철중(Lee, Cheol-Jung),곽정현(Kwak, Jeong-Hyeon) 한국무예학회 2010 무예연구 Vol.4 No.1
본 연구는 태권도 교육 소비자인 학부모와 수련생이 태권도 교육 서비스를 구매한 후 소비자 만족도가 수련 지속성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 규명하여 성공적인 태권도장 경영과 질 높은 교육 서비스를 학부모와 수련생에게 제공하기 위해 연구를 진행 하였다. 연구대상은 경기도 과천지역에 소재하고 있는 태권도장에 다니는 수련생 194부에 대한 자료를 분석하였고, 작성된 설문지는 Window용 SPSS/PC+12.0 Version 통계프로그램을 이용하여 분석의 목적에 따라 분석하였다. 첫째, 설문지의 각 항목에 대한 타당도와 신뢰도를 알아보기 위해 탐색적 요인분석(Exploratory FactoryAnalysis:EFA)과 신뢰도분석(Internal Consistency Reliability)를 실시하여 Cronbach's Alpha(α)의 값으로 신뢰도를 판단하였다. 둘째, 태권도 수련생들의 인구통계학적 특성에 따른 태권도 교육 서비스 구매 후 소비자만 족도 차이를 알아보기 위하여 독립표본 t 검증(Independent samples t-test), 일원변량분산분석(One-way ANOVA)을 실시하였고 사후검증은 Scheffe의 방법을 이용하였다. 본 연구에서 태권도 교육 서비스 구매 후 소비자 만족도가 수련 지속성에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 급수에 따른 태권도 교육 서비스 구매 후 소비자 만족도를 알아보니 회원만족, 수련만족, 지도자만족, 소비자 만족 항목에서 유급자가 유품자 보다 만족도가 더 높았다. 둘째, 수련 빈도에 따른 태권도 교육 서비스 구매 후 소비자 만족도는 주5회 수련이 주3회에 비해서 더 만족도가 높았다. 셋째, 태권도 교육 서비스 구매 후 소비자 만족도가 높을수록 수련 지속 욕구와 수련 지속 의지도 높았다. 넷째, 태권도 교육 서비스 구매 후 소비자 만족도가 높을수록 참여지속 욕구와 참여지속 의지가 강했다. This study was conducted to examine the effect of customer satisfaction about purchased Taekwondo education service on training durability and to provide successful management of Taekwondo academies and high quality services to parents and students. 194 trainees attending Taekwondo academies in Gwacheon, Gyeonggi region were selected as experimental subjects for the survey. The survey used in a preceding study on customer satisfaction and durability was modified and supplemented with the advices of experts to fit the purpose of this study, and the returned survey was analyzed according to the purpose of analysis using a statistics program called SPSS/PC+ Version 12.0 for Windows. The analysis results found in this study about the effect of customer satisfaction after purchase of Taekwondo education service on training durability are as follows. First, trainees with geup level showed higher degree of satisfaction compared to trainees with poom or dan in the items of member satisfaction, training satisfaction, trainer satisfaction and customer satisfaction after purchase of Taekwondo education service. Second, in terms of frequency of training after purchase of Taekwondo education service, higher degree of customer satisfaction was shown by five trainings a week than three trainings a week. Third, trainees with higher degree of customer satisfaction after purchase showed greater desire and will to continue the training. Fourth, trainees with higher degree of customer satisfaction after purchase showed greater desire and will to participate.
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