梔子淸肝湯煎液과 梔子淸肝湯加金銀花煎液이 CCl_(4)로 誘發된 白鼠肝損傷에 미치는 影響에 關한 硏究

辛祖永 圓光大學校大學院 1980 學位論叢 Vol.4 No.-

In order to investigate the treatmental effects of Chijacheonggan-Tang(CJCGT) extract and CJCGT added Keumeun-Hwa(CJCGTKEH) against Carbon tetrachloride(CCl₄) induced liver damage, 90 healthy albino-mice(20gm) were injected CCl₄of 1.2ml/kg. The albino-mice of injection were alloted to three groups; control group, experimental group administered by CJCGT and administered by CJCGTKEH, and pathological appearance of the liver were observed. The results are as follows; 1. Zone necrosis were decreased remarkably from the 2nd day of CJCGT administered compared with those of controls. 2. Regeneration features of hepatic cells of CJCGT administered were activated after the 3rd day compared with those of controls. 3. Reproductive pattern of hepatic cells were developed after the 5th day of CJCGT administered compared with those of controls, and necrotic lesions were almost disappeared. 4. Necrotic lesions and fatty changes were hardly visible after the 2nd day of CJCGTKEH administered. 5. Normalization of hepatic cells was observed after the 5th day of CJCGTKEH administered.

淸金降火湯이 Paraquat로 誘發시킨 白鼠의 肺水腫에 미치는 影響

辛祖永 圓光大學校 韓醫學硏究所 1992 원광한의학 Vol.2 No.1

Cheongkeumkanghwatang(淸金降火湯) has been widely used in the diseases of the lungs and bronchi of humans, based on the oriental medicinal references. The treatment effect of it is well known. In the present experiments attempts have been made to evaluate its effects on the pulmonary edema of the albino rat induced by the herbicide paraquat. The paraquat, 1, 1'-dimethyl-4, 4'-bipyridilium dichloride(24.5% solution, Dongyang Chmecal Co., Seoul), was diluted in physiological saline (1gram in 24ml saline) and injected into the tail vein of the rat(2.94mg per 100g body weight). Following the infection of paraquat, the rats were orally administered with extracts of Cheongkeumkanghwatang(Group A), Cheongkeumkanghwatang plus Oryungsan(Group B), Cheongkiumkanghwatang with Keumeunhwa(Group D), and Cheongkeumkanghwatang plus Oryungsan with Keumeunhwa(Group E), respectively. The extracts were administered 3 times daily for 2 days. The clinical signs were recorded and the dead rats were necropsied ; internal organs were examined, and the lungs were removed and weighed. The rats survived for 48 hours after the injection of the paraquat were killed by decapitation and necropsied as with dead rats. The results are summarized as follows: In the preliminary experiments, rats were injected with saline only and administered with the extracts of the 4 drugstuffs 3 times daily for 2 days. The rats were killed and necropsied ; the lungs removed and weighed. No differences were found in the weights of the lungs between the groups : no differences were found in the weights of lungs of these rats and those of lungs of normal, untreated rats. Following the infection of the paraquat, ther ats showed clinical signs of collapse, depression, reduced appetitie and p peculianr gait-th pelvis thrust down with the hind limbs thrown outwards. The respiratory rate increased about 6 hours before death ; the respiration was slow and deep immediately before death. The survival rate at 48 hours of the rats injected with the paraquat and administered with drugs was examined ; all groups except group B showed better survival rate than control The respiratory rate per minute of the rats survived at 48 hours was counted; rats of group A showed almost normal respiratory rate, and rats of the other 3 groups and control showed increased respiration. Lung weights of rats of groups A, B and E were significantly lower than those of control rats. Lung weights of group A rats were not different from those of normal, untreated rats. Histopathological examination of the lungs revealed severe edema, hemorrhage and broken alveoli in the control group rats. Lungs of group A rats were similar to those of normal, untreated rats : while lungs of rats of groups B, D and E showed moderate edema, hemorrhage and some broken alveoli. From the above results it was concluded that Cheongkeumkanghwatang was very effective on the pulmonary edema when it was not mixed with Oryungsan or Kiumeunhwa.

맑시즘과 포스트모더니즘 : The Postmodern Marxism of The Amherst School 미국 앰허스트학파의 탈근대적 맑스주의

신조영 서울대학교 사회과학연구원 1997 한국사회과학 Vol.19 No.3

맑스주의는 실로 다양하고 풍부한 전통을 갖고 있다. 맑스주의를 '단수'가 아닌 '복수'로 파악하는 것-다시 말해 맑스주의를 하나의 거대한 경직된 체계가 아닌 다양한 흐름, 상반된 경향들이 함께 어우러진 '열린'체계로 파악하는 것이 이 글의 출발점이다 탈근대적 맑스주의는 맑스주의와 탈근대주의를 서로 상반되는 적대적 이론으로 보는 일반적인 견해와는 달리, 양자의 비판적·창조적 융합을 통한 제3의 대안을 제시하고자 한다. 탈근대적 맑스주의는 "맑스주의는 기계적 계급론에 기초한 하나의 형이상학에 지나지 않는다"는 탈근대주의의 주장을 단호히 배격함과 동시에 "탈근대주의는 이름만 달리 한 또 하나의 부르주아 이데올로기"라는 전통적 맑스주의의 입장 역시 거부한다 탈근대적 맑스주의는 탈근대주의의 '거대담론의 해체'가 갖고 있는 혁신적 통찰력을 맑수주의의 입장에서 비판적으로 받아들임으로써 맑스주의 전통의 새로운 지평을 열고자 한다 탈근대적 맑스주의는 알튀세르의 초결정론을 발전시킴으로써 경험론/합리론, 인간주의/구조주의 등과 같은 모든 결정론적 이론들로부터 맑스주의를 해방시킬 수 있는 기틀을 마련하였다 동시에 맑스주의 속에 존재하는 반결정론적 충동 혹은 순간들을 뚜렷하게 부각시킴으로써 맑스주의/탈근대주의의 이분법적 대립을 해체, 이들 사이의 새로운 조율 가능성을 열었다 Marxism has a rich and diverse tradition. It is of crucial importance not to identify one interpretation or one particular trend within Marxism with the whole of the Marxist tradition. Recognizing that there is not one Marxism but many may indeed be the starting point for further understanding and appraisal of the Marxist tradition-whether such analysis takes a critical or a sympathetic stance. Likewise, there exists no single conception of Marxism and postmodernism; there are multiple, complex, and often contradictory formulations found in the literature. It is within this complexity that I situate my discussion of Marxism and postmodernism. It is an attempt to go beyond or break out of the 'either/or' dichotomy between Marxism and postmodernism. Postmodern thinkers and modernist Marxists tend to think of Marxism and postmodernism as oppositional and alternative theoretical frameworks. My argument is that there are, however, points of articulation between Marxism and postmodernism. What is more, these points of articulation can be found emanating from the Marxist tradition. Building upon Althusser's commanding notion of overdetermination, the Amherst School elaborates a postmodern Marxism that does not take Marxism and postmodernism as oppositional and alternative but sees them as closely related or even as inseparably linked in taking Marxism in new directions.

淸金降火湯이 Paraquat로 誘發시킨 白鼠의 肺水腫에 미치는 影響

辛祖永,韓相桓 圓光大學校 漢醫科大學 1989 圓光漢醫大論文集 Vol.- No.6

Cheongkeumkanghwatang has been widely used in the diseases of the lungs and bronchi of humans, based on the oriental medicinal references. The treatment effect of it is well known. In the present experiments attempts have been made to evaluate its effects on the pulmonary edema of the albino rat induced by the herbicide, paraquat. The paraquat, 1,1'-dimethy 1-4, 4'-bipyridilium dichloride(24.5% solution, Dongyang Chemical Co., Seoul), was diluted in physiological saline(1gram in 24ml saline) and injection of the tail vein of the rat(2.94㎎ per 100g body weight). Following the injection of the paraquat, the rats were orally administered with extracts of Cheongkeumkanghwatang(Group A), Cheongkeumkanghwatang plus Oryungsan(Group B), Cheongkeumkanghwatang with Keumeunhwa(Group D), and Cheongkeumkanghwatang plus Oryungsan with Keumeunhwa(Group E), respectively. The extracts were administered 3 times daily for 2 days. The clinical signs were recorded and the dead rats were necropsied;internal organs were examined, and the lungs were removed and weighed. The rats survived for 48 hours after the injection of the paraquat were killed by decapitation and necropsied as with dead rats. The results are summarized as follows: In the preliminary experiments, rats were injected with saline only and administered with the extracts of the 4 drugstuffs 3 times daily for days. The rats were killed and necropsied;the lungs removed and weighed. No differences were found in the weights of the lungs between the groups;no differences were found in the weights of lungs of these rats and these rats and those of lungs of normal, untreated rats. Following the injection of the paraquat, the rats showed clinical signs of collapse, depression, reduced appetite and a peculiar gait-the pelvis thrust down with the hind limbs thrown outwards. The respiratory rate increased about 6 hours before death;the respiration was slow and deep immediately before death. The survival rate at 48 hours of the rats injected with the paraquat and administered with drugs was examined;all group except group B showed better survival rats than control. The respiratory rate per minute of the rats survived at 48 hours was counted;rats of group A showed almost normal respiratory rate, and rats of the other 3 groups and control showed increased respiration. Lung weights of rats of groups A, B and E were significantly lower than those of control rats. Lung weights of group A rats were not different from those of normal, untreated rats. Histopathological examination of the lungs revealed severe edema, hemorrhage and broken alveoli in the control group rats. Lungs of group A rats were simialar to those of normal, untreated rats;while lungs of rats of groups B, D and showed moderate edema, hemorrhage and some broken alveoli. From the adove results it was concluded that Cheongkeumkanghwatang was very effective on the pulmonary edema when it was not mixed with Oryungsan or Keumeunhwa.

삼소온폐탕(蔘蘇溫肺湯) 전탕액(煎湯液)이 가토(家兎) 혈장(血漿) Cortisol 농도(濃度) 및 혈장(血漿) $CO_2$에 미치는 영향(影響)

신조영,한상환,이병순,Sin, Jo-Yeong,Han, Sang-Whan,Lee, Byung-Soon 대한한방내과학회 1990 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.11 No.2

To evaluate effects of Sam so on Pye Tang(SSOPT) Water Extract plasma cortisol concentration and plasma $CO_2$ in the Rabbit. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Intravenous administration of SSOPT water extract at the dose of 0.5ml/kg remarkably increased plasma cortisol concentration on 1 hour. 2. Intravenous adminitration of SSOPT Water extract at the does of 1.0ml/kg significantly decreased plasma $CO_2$ on 1 hour. 3. Intravenous adminitration of SSOPT Water extract at the does of 0.5ml/kg remarkable decreased plasma $Na^+$ from 1 to 4 hour and 1.0ml/kg significantly decreased plasma $Na^+$ on 1 hour. 4. Intravenous administration of SSOPT Water extract at the does of 1.0ml/kg remarkably increased plasma $k^+$ from 1 to 3 hour. 5. Intravenous administration of SSOPT water extract at the does of 0.5ml/kg significantly decreased plasma $CI^-$ on 3, 4 hours. and 1.0ml/kg remarkably increased plasma $CI^-$ on 4 hour. These results suggest that therapeutic action of SSOPT water extract for athma may be reated with the increment of plasma cortisol concentration and the decrease plsma $CO_2.$.

痰嗽에 대한 文獻的 考察

辛祖永 圓光大學校 敎學硏究會編 1995 원광한의학 Vol.5 No.1

This study was performed to investigate the cause and symptom through the thirty liteartures of oriental medicine. 1. The cause of cough with sputum(痰嗽) 1) The result on exogenous pathogenic factor was obtained through the eight literatures, the eight literatures, the number of dampness(濕) was two times. Cold and wind(風寒) was five times. Fire flang up ward(火動逆上) was one time. 2) The result on endogenous pathogenic factor was obtained through the twenty literatures. The number of dampness phlegm of the stomach(濕痰在胃) was four times, Debility of the spleen(脾虛) was five times. Dificiency of Qi(vital energy)(氣虛) was one time. Heat symptom of the lung(肺虛) was one time. Improper diet(飮食失調) was three times. 3) The result on non-exo-endogenous factor(不內外因) obtained through the four literatures. The factors were wind-phlegm(風痰), heat-phlegm(熱痰), dampness-phlegm(濕痰), Qi-phlegm(氣痰), cold-phlegm(寒痰) and general debility(虛勞). 2. The symptom of cough with sputum(痰嗽) 1) When the sputum brings up, cough relieves(痰出咳止), fullness and stuffiness sensation in the chest(胸膈多滿), cough going with plenty of sputum(咳動有痰盛) 2) Abundant sputum(痰涎多) 3) Floating and slippery pulse(脈浮滑) or coexistance and interlacement of cold and heat(寒熱交作), facial edema like salver(面浮如盤).

木防己湯이 Paraquat로 誘發시킨 랫트의 肺水腫에 미치는 影響

辛祖永 圓光大學校 韓醫學硏究所 1996 원광한의학 Vol.6 No.1

MokbangKitang with Maecmundong, Omiza were administrated into rats and then they were injected by Paraquat. The results are as follows 1. After 48 hours following the injection of paraquat, the survival rate of rats increased only Mokbangkitang with omija Group. 2. Respirayory rates of rats witch survived 48 hours later significantly decreased in Mokbangkitang with Omiza. The rest group and control group were also increased. 3. Lung weights of rats which survived for 48 hours later significantly decreased in Mokbangkitang with Omiza group, but it increased in the other groups. 4. After the injection of paraquat, a lung tissue showed severe hemorrhage, edema and some broken aibeoli. Only Mokbangkitang with omija group recovered significantly.

탈근대적 맑스주의의 새로운 계급논의

신조영 문화과학사 2003 지구화시대 맑스의 현재성 Vol.- No.-

미국적 가치관 비판 : 개인주의와 물질주의를 중심으로 In Case of Individualism and Materialism

신조영 한국미국사학회 2001 미국사연구 Vol.13 No.-

In this paper, I will provide a critique of the American values centering around the issues involving individualism and materialism. To begin with, its merits notwithstanding, individualism falls shit of comprehending the multifaceted processes in which the individual is shaping and, at the same time, shaped by history and society. In juxtaposition to the subject enshrined by individualism, stranding 'above and beyond' history and society, the subject is the ensemble of social relations as Marx would have it. The subject is not a pre-given guarantee but a peculiar constituent which constitutes and is constituted by history and society. Furthermore, as is pointed out by many postmodern thinkers, the subject is not a monolithic unity but a disruptive complexity; not a concentric homogeneity but a decentered heterogeneity. This line of thinking makes it possible to conceive of a subject that is constantly being articulated anew, the resulting construction of which has no center. The limitations of individualism that strips the subject of its socio-historical context are clearly shown in the cultural explanations of poverty in the United States. This theory, often called the 'culture of poverty,' is inseparably intertwined with American individualism. My argument is that, by attributing the plight of the poor to the norms, values, and beliefs the poor themselves develop, the culture of poverty makes invisible the structure of society for poverty, just as individualism marginalizes and excludes the social construction of the subject. The culture of poverty, thus, entices the criticism that it blames the victim and perpetuates social inequality by justifying the status quo. In like fashion, I would argue that the best criticism of materialism in general and of American materialism in particular can be found in the explications of commodity fetishism and reification process. Capitalism involves the commodification which turns every element within its system into a commodity including human being and human relations. Reification refers to this extensive and intensive commodification process in capitalism. It is within this context that the so-called globalization should be brought into question. The globalization discourse, coupled with neo-liberalism, paves the way for the reification process to permeate in the global scale. It should be noted, however, that the utopia promised by globalizaion may, in fact, be a dystopia after all. This dystopia will suffer from large-scale unemployment, extreme polarization and immiseration, the collapse of the middle class, deteriorating cities, disintegrating families, etc.. As is aptly described by many critics of globalization, these are the prospects of any society lured toward the naked economism of neo-liberalism.

그람시(Gramsci) 사회이론의 반결정론적 순간들

신조영 한국미국사학회 2002 미국사연구 Vol.16 No.-

Gramsci’s social theory was comprised through the vigorous endeavor to rejuvenate Marxism out of the collapse of the Second International and the failure of the revolutionary wave which swept Europe in the late 1910s. He recognized the need for a thorough rethinking of Marxism and for the restoration of dialectics to the center of Marxism. He considered that determinist interpretations of Marxism, whether in the form of speculative idealism/rationalism or mechanistic materialism/empiricism, were closely related with theoretical inertia and political passivity. He viewed the inroads of determinism into Marxism as detrimental to the Marxist movement and waged an intense struggle against these reductionist forms of thinking. In his efforts to reinvigorate the dialectical nature of Marxism as opposed to determinist interpretations of Marxism, he elaborated such powerful notions as, to name only a few, hegemony, the philosophy of praxis, the ensemble of social relations, historical bloc, etc.. Gramsci’s theory, however, defies any simple definitive assessment. It is rich with astute insights and breakthroughs but not without contradictions and ambiguities. Any attempt to mold it into a finished set of thought would not succeed without tailoring its rich implications to a rigid schema. Gramsci's writings are enormously suggestive but also very obscure and difficult. His pre-prison writings are mostly journalistic and barely more than several pages in length in many cases. Also, his later writings written in the fascist prison remain fragmentary and are not exhaustive on any topic. More often than not, he had to disguise his argument to go around the prison censor. In addition, his writings contain cultural reference points which are not easily accessible outside Italy. In his writings, old concepts are often modified, altered, and used in a quite novel way, which makes his complex ideas all the more complex. In this sense, Gramsci left behind an enormously rich yet inconclusive body of thought or an archetypal open text which awaits ceaseless interpretations and reinterpretations. Although he may be found fascinating for different reasons, I would argue that his intrinsic interest lies in the ways in which he posed problems and grappled with them in the epistemological terrain. My point is that Gramsci shares the same epistemological ground with antiessentialim in his profound antideterminist critique of various stripes of determinism both within and outside the Marxist tradition. Many of his formulations are to come to grips with the multifaceted and intricately interconnected social reality. In so doing, he elaborates such powerful notions as the philosophy of praxis, hegemony, historical bloc, the ensemble of social relations, etc. which cannot be embraced in the determinist theoretical framework.