조선시대 봉수군의 주거에 관한 연구 - 경상도 지방을 중심으로 -

이철영,윤재웅,Lee Chul-Young,Yoon Jae-Woong 한국주거학회 2005 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.16 No.6

To design common facilities that support residents' leisure activities is one of the comtemporary issues in Korea. People became interested in the leisure facilities in near-home environments. This trend encouraged this research study. The objectives of this study are: to analyze the current status and characteristics of leisure facilities in apartment communities, to examine the correlations among leisure facilities, and to suggest design considerations for Korean multi-family housing communities. Subject communities are located in the five metropolitan areas in the United States. The 460 apartment communities were randomly selected after a thorough review of a website for apartment finders. Among them, the 126 communities were selected for the analysis. Primary findings are as follows: (1) A total of 30 facilities were identified as the creational facilities in apartment properties. (2) Some leisure facilities were correlated with the other facilities, based on the Pearson's correlation analysis.(3) In addition to the facilities, some apartment communities provide leisure programs for their residents. These results suggest that architectural interventions and maintenance services as well should be considered in order to lead diverse leisure activities for residents.

조선시대 연변봉수(沿邊烽燧)의 배치형식 및 연대(煙臺)에 관한 연구

이철영,윤재웅,Lee, Chul-Young,Yoon, Jae-Woong 한국건축역사학회 2006 건축역사연구 Vol.15 No.5

Signal fire was a communication system which deliver urgent news by smoke and light. It informed the condition of the border to the central government and the military base rapidly. This research was to analyze the border signal-fire which is the main facility of military protective duty for safety of sea side in chosun dynasty. The results of this research were described separately as follows. 1. The border signal-fire has three types of facility layout, The majority was one-site, near two-site, separate type. The majority was near two-site type. 2. Plan configuration of signal-fire stand which is separated with circle, oval, round-rectangular and rectangular type roughly was constructed with circle type generally. Four types of signal-fire stand was observed in southern and western sea side impartially. However, in eastern side, circle type of signal-fire stand was mainly found. Therefore, regional characteristics could be considered partially. 3. The height of signal-fire stand was about 8~10m. The diameter of combustion chamber on the signal-fire stand was 2~3m in circle type, and the dimension of rectangular type was about $1.9{\times}1.9{\sim}3.2{\times}3.0m$. 4. Building base that protect ground moisture and infilteration of rainfall was found in 10 border singal-fire, the height of it was about 0.3m~2.5m.

Insulin-like Growth Factor Systems의 생식기능에서의 역할;자궁편

이철영,Lee, Chul-Young 대한생식의학회 1996 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.23 No.3

It has been known for a long time that gonadotropins and steroid hormones play a pivotal role in a series of reproductive biological phenomena including the maturation of ovarian follicles and oocytes, ovulation and implantation, maintenance of pregnancy and fetal growth & development, parturition and mammary development and lactation. Recent investigations, however, have elucidated that in addition to these classic hormones, multiple growth factors also are involved in these phenomena. Most growth factors in reproductive organs mediate the actions of gonadotropins and steroid hormones or synergize with them in an autocrine/paracrine manner. The insulin-like growth factor(IGF) system, which is one of the most actively investigated areas lately in the reproductive organs, has been found to have important roles in a wide gamut of reproductive phenomena. In the present communication, published literature pertaining to the intrauterine IGF system will be reviewed preceded by general information of the IGF system. The IGF family comprises of IGF-I & IGF-II ligands, two types of IGF receptors and six classes of IGF-binding proteins(IGFBPs) that are known to date. IGF-I and IGF-II peptides, which are structurally homologous to proinsulin, possess the insulin-like activity including the stimulatory effect of glucose and amino acid transport. Besides, IGFs as mitogens stimulate cell division, and also play a role in cellular differentiation and functions in a variety of cell lines. IGFs are expressed mainly in the liver and messenchymal cells, and act on almost all types of tissues in an autocrine/paracrine as well as endocrine mode. There are two types of IGF receptors. Type I IGF receptors, which are tyrosine kinase receptors having high-affinity for IGF-I and IGF-II, mediate almost all the IGF actions that are described above. Type II IGF receptors or IGF-II/mannose-6-phosphate receptors have two distinct binding sites; the IGF-II binding site exhibits a high affinity only for IGF-II. The principal role of the type II IGF receptor is to destroy IGF-II by targeting the ligand to the lysosome. IGFs in biological fluids are mostly bound to IGFBP. IGFBPs, in general, are IGF storage/carrier proteins or modulators of IGF actions; however, as for distinct roles for individual IGFBPs, only limited information is available. IGFBPs inhibit IGF actions under most in vitro situations, seemingly because affinities of IGFBPs for IGFs are greater than those of IGF receptors. How IGF is released from IGFBP to reach IGF receptors is not known; however, various IGFBP protease activities that are present in blood and interstitial fluids are believed to play an important role in the process of IGF release from the IGFBP. According to latest reports, there is evidence that under certain in vitro circumstances, IGFBP-1, -3, -5 have their own biological activities independent of the IGF. This may add another dimension of complexity of the already complicated IGF system. Messenger ribonucleic acids and proteins of the IGF family members are expressed in the uterine tissue and conceptus of the primates, rodents and farm animals to play important roles in growth and development of the uterus and fetus. Expression of the uterine IGF system is regulated by gonadal hormones and local regulatory substances with temporal and spatial specificities. Locally expressed IGFs and IGFBPs act on the uterine tissue in an autocrine/paracrine manner, or are secreted into the uterine lumen to participate in conceptus growth and development. Conceptus also expresses the IGF system beginning from the peri-implantation period. When an IGF family member is expressed in the conceptus, however, is determined by the presence or absence of maternally inherited mRNAs, genetic programming of the conceptus itself and an interaction with the maternal tissue. The site of IGF action also follows temporal (physiological status) and spatial specificities. These facts that expression of the 여포와 난포의 성숙, 배란과 착상, 임신의 유지와 태아의 성장 발달, 분만 및 유선발육과 비유 등 일련의 생식현상에서 있어서 성선자극호르몬과 스테로이드 호르몬의 작용이 중추적인 역할을 한다는 사실은 오래 전부터 알려져왔다. 그러나 이러한 일련의 현상에 고전적인 호르몬 외에도 다수의 성장인자가 관여되고 있음이 최근의 연구 결과 밝혀지고 있다. 생식기관에서 성장인자들은 대부분 autocrine/paracrine mode로 작용하여, 성선자극호르몬과 스테로이드 호르몬의 작용을 매개하거나 이들 호르몬 등과 교호적인 작용(synergy)을 한다. 생식기관 내 insulin-like growth factor(IGF) system은 최근 가장 활발히 연구된 분야 중의 하나로 생식현상의 전반에 걸쳐 중요한 역할을 하고 있음이 밝혀졌다. 본 지면에서는 IGF system에 관한 개괄적인 정보를 소개하고 현재까지 보고된 intrauterine IGF system에 관한 연구를 요약하고자 한다. IGF family는 IGF-I과 IGF-II ligands, 두종류의 IGF receptors(수용체), 그리고 지금까지 발견된 6종류의 IGF-binding proteins(IGFBPs)로 이루어져 있다. IGF-I과 IGF-II는 proinsulin과 상동한 구조를 가진 peptide로서 포도당과 아미노산 운반을 자극하는 등 insulin과 유사한 작용을 한다. 이 외에도 IGFs는 세포분열촉진제(mitogens)로서 여러 형태의 세포에 걸쳐 세포증식을 자극하고, 세포의 분화(differentiation)과 세포기능의 발현에 관여한다. IGFs는 간과 주로 messenchymal cells에서 발현되어 endocrine mode는 물론 autocrine/paracrine mode로 거의 모든 조직에 작용한다. IGF 수용체는 두종류가 알려져 있는데 type I IGF receptor는 tyrosine kinase로서 IGF-I과 IGF-II에 공히 high-affinity를 나타내고, 상기한 대부분의 IGFs의 작용을 매개한다. Type II IGF receptor 혹은 IGF-II/mannose-6-phosphate receptor는 두개의 서로 다른 binding sites를 가지고 있는데 IGF-II binding site는 IGF-II에만 high-affinity를 나타낸다. Type II IGF receptor의 주요 역할은 IGF-II를 lysosomal targeting하여 ligand를 파괴하는데 있다. 체액 속의 IGFs는 대부분 IGFBP에 결합되어 있다. IGFBPs는 IGF의 저장/운반체 혹은 IGF 작용을 조절하는 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있으나 개개 IGFBP의 역할에 대해서는 지극히 제한된 정보만이 알려져 있다. IGFBPs의 IGF ligands에의 affinity는 IGF receptors의 IGFs에의 affinity보다 크기 때문에 대부분의 in vitro 상황 하에서 IGFBPs는 IGF 작용을 억제한다. IGFBP에 결합되어 있는 IGF가 어떤 기작에 의해 IGFBP로부터 분리되어 IGF receptor에 도달하는지는 알려지지 않고 있으나, 혈액과 조직액에 들어있는 불특정 IGFBP protease activity는 IGF의 방출과정에서 일역을 하는 것으로 믿어지고 있다. 최근 연구보고에 의하면 특정 in vitro 상황 하에서 IGFBP-1, -3, -5 등은 IGF와 무관한 작용도 있다는 증빙이 있어 IGF system의 또 다른 차원을 예고하고 있다. IGF family members의 mRNAs & proteins는 영장류, 설치류 및 가축의 자궁조직과 수태물(conceptus)에서 발현되어 자궁과 태아의 성장 발달에 중요한 역할을 한다. 자궁조직의 IGF system의 발현은 성선호르몬, 국소 생리조절인자 등에 의해 발현시기와 장소의 특이성이 결정되며, 발현된 IGFs와 IGFBPs는 autocrine/paracrine mode로 자궁조직에 작용하기도 하고, 자궁강에 분비되어 수태물의 성장 발달에 관여한다. 착상을 전후하여 수태물에서도 IGF system이 발현되는데 개개 IGF family member의 발현 시기는 모체로부터 유래된 mRNA의 유무, 수태물 자체의 genetic programming, 모체와의 상호작용 등에 의해 결정되고, IGF

조선시대 동해안지역 연변봉수에 관한 연구

이철영,김성철,Lee, Chul-Young,Kim, Seong-Chul 한국건축역사학회 2008 건축역사연구 Vol.17 No.2

This research was to analyze the border signal-fire which is the main facility of military protective duty for safety of sea side in chosun dynasty. The results of this research were described separately as follows. 1. Five types of site plan of signal-fire were observed, which is circle, half-circle, oval, round-rectangular. The majorities were circle type in eastern area. 2. Plan configuration of signal-fire stand which is separated with circle, rectangular type roughly was constructed with circle type generally. The height of signal-fire stand was about $2{\sim}3m$. The diameter of signal-fire stand was $8{\sim}10m$. Building base that protect ground moisture and infilteration of rainfall was found in 9 border singal-fire, the height of it was about $0.3m{\sim}2.5m$. 3. Trench was mainly circle type and average width was $3{\sim}4m$. However the depth was almost observed as 1m, originally, it was estimated it has more depth. 4. The height of protective wall remained until present was about 1m, the depth was about average 2.5m. 5. The storage of border signal-fire has rectangular dimension, several types of $1.8{\times}1.2m{\sim}5.7{\times}4.4m$, square(間) of $1{\times}1{\sim}2{\times}1$. The building material was stone and located below or near the signal-fire stand.

수복재료에 대합되는 의치용 레진치의 마모저항성 비교

이철영,정문규,Lee, Chul-Young,Chung, Moon-Kyu 대한치과보철학회 1999 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.37 No.3

The aim of this study was to compare wear resistance of resin denture teeth opposing various restorative materials. The wear resistance of conventional acrylic resin teeth(Trubyte Biotone) and three high-strength resin teeth(Bioform IPN, Endura, SR-Orthosit-PE) opposing different restorative materials(gold alloys, dental porcelain, composite resin) was compared. Wear tests were conducted with a sliding-induced wear testing apparatus which applied 100,000 strokes to the specimen in a mesio-distal direction under conditions of 100 stroke/min and constant loading of 1Kgf/tooth. Wear resistance of the resin denture teeth was evaluated by the following criteria : 1) wear depth, 2) weight loss, and 3) SEM observation. Results were as follows. 1. When opposed to gold alloys and composite resin, high-strength resin teeth showed superior wear resistance compared to acrylic resin teeth. But, in cases opposing dental porcelain, differences between the wear of the high-strength and acrylic resin teeth were not statistically significant (p<0.05). 2. When comparing wear resistance among high-strength resin teeth, opposing gold alloys, Endura was slightly more resistant and while in cases opposing dental porcelain, SR-Orthosit-PE was showed to be slightly resistant(p<0.05). 3. The wear of high-strength resin teeth was greater by 5 to 7 times when opposing porcelain and 2 to 3 times when opposing composite resin compared to gold alloys(p<0.05). 4. SEM observations of the wear surface showed that wear of resin teeth opposing gold alloys is a fatigue type of wear and wear of resin teeth opposing dental porcelain is fatigue and abrasion type of wear. Trubyte Biotone showed more severe fatigue type of wear than high-strength resin teeth. In conclusion, the use of dental porcelain should seriously be considered as restorative material in cases opposing resin denture teeth and improvement seems to be needed on resin teeth in the areas of wear resistance.

미디어 디자인 포맷의 변화가 수용자태도에 미치는 영향 - 신문 매체 판형변화를 중심으로

이철영 ( Lee Chull Young ),이성환 ( Lee Sung Hwan ) 한국디자인트렌드학회 2014 한국디자인포럼 Vol.45 No.-

세계적으로 신문 매체의 디자인 변화가 지속되어 왔고, 국내에서도 적용되고 있지만, 실제 독자들이 이러한 변화를 어떻게 받아들이는지에 대한 학술적 연구나 발표는 국내에 매우 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구는 국내 신문의 일반적 사이즈인 대판과 유럽의 국가들에서 사용하는 판형 디자인으로 국내에 도입된 베를리너판을 비교하여, 판형 디자인의 차이가 지면 선호도와 지면 호감도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 파악하는 것을 연구목적으로 신문 판형 디자인의 변화가 독자의 지면 선호도에 미치는 영향이 어떠한지를 실증조사를 통해 규명하였다. 본 연구결과를 요약하면, 신문판형별 선호도, 호감도에 대하여 대판에 비하여 베를리너 판에서의 선호도와 호감도가 통계적으로 유의미한 수준에서 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 두 가지 지면 안을 통합한 분석에서도 마찬가지의 결과가 나타났다. Formation and development of new media are rapidly taking place in the modern society, and opportunities for acquiring information using the internet for the younger generation is increasing. Major newspapers of the US and of England were focusing on their layout format to the point that they can easily identified at vendors even when the title is hidden, but Korean newspapers use similar “large” formats, making it difficult to identify them when their title is hidden. Based on these points, this study aims to determine the readers` attitude toward daily newspaper press format. Based on various documents, in order to observe the influences of newspaper press format. Paper preference and paper attractiveness, both were found to be higher in the Berliner format than in the large format. This shows consistencies in both domestic and international cases, and it can be interpreted that attitude toward overall press type improves as the newspaper press format is smaller.

경추 및 흉추에서 발생된 경막외 다발성 신경초종

이철영 ( Cheol Young Lee ),김태성 ( Tae Sung Kim ),고준석 ( Jun Seok Koh ),임영진 ( Young Jin Lim ),이봉암 ( Bong Arm Rhee ),김국기 ( Gook Ki Kim ) 경희대학교 경희의료원 2004 慶熙醫學 Vol.20 No.2

한국과 미국 영화포스터의 비주얼 표현과 시각적 구성요소에 관한 내용분석

이철영 ( Chul Young Lee ),백종웅 ( Jong Woong Paik ) 한국기초조형학회 2007 기초조형학연구 Vol.8 No.4

패키지디자인 조형요소의 변화가 소비자태도와 패키지이미지에 미치는 영향에 대한 실험적 연구

이철영 ( Lee Chull Young ),전윤희 ( Jun Yun Hee ) 한국디자인트렌드학회 2014 한국디자인포럼 Vol.42 No.-

본 연구에서는 소비자들의 제품 구매 시점에서 시각적으로 가장 강한 영향을 미치는 패키지에 대하여 리뉴얼 시 조형요소 변화에 대한 소비자 반응을 연구하고 각 조형요소 변화가 패키지 이미지에 미치는 영향을 실증적 조사 방법을 통해 연구하였다. 가상의 패키지 실험물을 제작하고, 디자인이 변화된 순서에 따라 5종류의 설문지로 작성한 후, 20, 30대의 수도권 거주 남녀 380여명을 대상으로 비확률적 표집방법을 사용하여 조사를 실시하였다. 연구결과 패키지 디자인 리뉴얼 조형요소별 변화 차이에 대한 소비자 반응은 모두 유의하였으나, 조형요소별 변화 차이를 인식하는 소비자의 민감도는 다른 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또한 조형요소별 변화가 패키지 이미지에 미치는 영향은 모두 유의한 수준이나, 개인의 제품 디자인 중요성 인식 정도와 연관되어 패키지 이미지에 미치는 상호작용 효과는 없는 것으로 나타났다. Given the importance of package as one of the most salient at the purchase point, there are relatively few empirical studies on the package design. When it comes to reviewing the product package, it has seldom been based on the rigorous market tests. Experimental evidences on what makes the consumers to respond favorably to a new package are still at large. This paper delves into the individual role of design element changes in package and their impact on the consumer`s attitudes towards the package image. And, their interactive effects are analysed in relation with perceived importance of product design in general. The research questions are based on the existing studies on the above mentioned two tasks. Over 380 consumers in their 20s and 30s in the greater Seoul area are surveyed. The results are as follows. First, the consumer`s sensitivity to package design changes is confirmed as it varies differently with an individual design element. The interactive effects, however, did not appear in the study. The results of the paper have practical implications for effective management of package design teams. We urge further studies in the line that would help to better our theoretical understanding of how we manage to create or renew package design effectively.

미술 전공과 공학 전공 대학생의 다중지능 성향 차이와 전공 만족도와 적합도에 미치는 영향 비교 연구

이철영 ( Chull Young Lee ) 한국기초조형학회 2020 기초조형학연구 Vol.21 No.1

사회가 지식정보화 시대로 변화하면서 인적 자원과 미래의 인재상에 대한 관심이 높아졌고 이러한 관심이 인재교육의 방향성으로 연결되고 있다, 이러한 변화는 지능에 대한 연구와 상황 의존적인 지능에 대한 관심을 증가시켰으며, 이러한 관점에서 Gardner의 다중지능 이론이 주목받게 되었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 미술 분야와 공학 분야 전공이 다른 대학생들의 다중지능을 비교함으로써 전공에 따른 다중지능 차이와 전공별로 전공 만족도 및 전공 적합도에 영향을 미치는 다중지능 요인이 무엇인지 밝혀보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 미술 전공에서는 산업디자인, 시각디자인, 공학전공에서는 기계공학 전공 대학생들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구결과, 첫째, 미술 전공 대학생들은 자기이해지능이, 공학 전공 대학생들은 음악지능, 논리수학지능, 시공간지능, 대인지능이 타 지능보다 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 전공간 비교에서는 신체운동지능과 논리수학지능은 공학전공 학생들이, 언어지능은 미술전공 학생들이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 미술전공 학생들은 자기이해지능이, 공학전공 학생들은 논리수학지능과 자기이해지능이 전공만족도와 전공적합도에 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 연구대상 대학생들의 전공별 다중지능 성향 및 전공에 따른 다중지능의 차이를 확인하였고, 전공만족도와 전공적합도에 영향을 미치는 지능이 전공에 따라 다르게 나타난다는 것을 발견하였다. 본 연구는 전공에 따라 특별히 함양되어야 할 지능적 성향이 다르다는 실증적 증거를 제시하였으며, 특히 미술전공 교육에서 디자이너 또는 크리에이터로서 지능적 성향을 어떻게 함양시킬 것인가에 대한 프로그램 개발의 방향을 제시하는 탐색적인 연구로서 의의가 있다. On the rise of 4^th Industrial Revolution, interest in the concept of talented people required in the future is increasing and the importance of intellectual resources is also rising. This interest leads to the interest in the direction of talent education and the multiple intelligence theory is applied as the basis and method for educational changes. The purpose of this study is to identify the differences in multiple intelligence according to the major and multiple intelligence factors which affect the satisfaction and fitness in each major by comparing the multiple intelligences of college students with different majors. For this purpose, a survey was conducted using self-written questionnaire survey method targeting the design and engineering department college students. Study results showed, first, design department college students showed relatively higher scores in intrapersonal intelligence, and engineering department college students showed relatively higher scores in musical intelligence, logical-mathematical intelligence, visual-spatial intelligence, interpersonal intelligence and intrapersonal intelligence. Second, bodily-kinesthetic intelligence and logical-mathematical intelligence were higher in engineering department students and linguistic intelligence was higher in design department students. Third, regarding the satisfaction in the major and fitness with the major, design department students showed positive effects in intrapersonal intelligence and engineering department students showed positive effects in logical-mathematical intelligence and intrapersonal intelligence. Through observation of the multiple intelligence tendency in each major and the differences in multiple intelligence and verification of the effects of the intelligence on the students’ satisfaction and fitness in each major, this study is meaningful in that the student’ intelligence is different by each major and it identified the educational basis as to what dispositions should be more emphasized in an individual major education.