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이창승 ( Chang Seung Lee ) 전북대학교 인문학연구소 2016 건지인문학 Vol.15 No.-
For 10 years after the start of genuine Paleolithic research in Mankyung River basin since 2004, the quantitative date has been accumulated increase remarkably in the Paleolithic sites of the Mankyung River Basin. Through the research, it has been found that the Mankyung River basin has 3 cultural layers, having plow layer, light yellowish-brown clay layer, dark-brown clay layer, reddish-brown sandy clay layer, and weathered bedrock soil from the top which all reveal stone tools except the plow layer. However, excavated sites` chronology and natural scientific research in the basin are insufficient compared to other regions. This comes from limitations in absolute dating data of the Mankyung River basin and limitations caused by re-sedimentation and other processes of little valley terrain, which most sites in the basin do have. In this paper, an interpretation of contemporary climatic environment of a site was attempted through digitized paleosoil data, absolute dating data, and various geological aspects which are observable by naked eye, in the Mankyung River basin. Also, limitations of the Mankyung River basin were challenged through comparative analysis of stone tool compositions. Through the study, it can be inferred that the reddish-brown sandy clay layer, which is the start line of Paleolithic culture in the Mankyung River basin, has developed under colder and dryer environment than todays being deposited by slope provenance or eolian provenance. Moreover, appearance of modern humans can be suggested since new stone tool production technology like blades and tanged points are found from the reddish-brown sandy clay layer. The time of dark-brown clay layer had more severe climate than the time of reddish-brown sandy clay layer, therefore, it can be observed that site distribution and quantity of stone tools largely decrease. The light yellowish-brown clay layer is a provenance layer of filled soil inside the soil wedges developed at the dark-brown clay layer. At the time, it might still have colder and dryer climate than todays though the climate had been gradually becoming warmer since the LGM.
오순절주의의 정체성 : 성령침레에 결합된 방언과 그 의미
이창승(Lee Chang Seung) 한국오순절신학회 2010 오순절신학논단 Vol.8 No.-
Modern Pentecostalism has been understood as a “tongues-movement” by both advocators and opponents, because it was born when speaking in tongues was combined with the baptism of the Holy Spirit. But the concept that speaking in tongues tied with the baptism of the Spirit is the core of Pentecostal movement and theology has been resisted even in the movement. Attempts have been existed to push out speaking in tongues from the core of Pentecostalism and to lay “urgent pre-millennial eschatology”, “the baptism of the Holy Spirit” and “the experience of the Spirit” etc. on the place. Now Pentecostal movement and theology must protect the core and establish its identity to plan its future rightly. For the mission, firstly, this thesis examines opinions diluting the identity of Pentecostalism, and points out their unreasonableness. Secondly, it clarifies through historical investigation that the identity or the core is on the strong inseparableness between the baptism of the Holy Spirit and speaking in tongues. Thirdly, it searches more widely, deeply, and clearly the meanings of the words, “evidence” and “sign” which have been used for expressing the close connection between the baptism of the Spirit and speaking in tongues. Fourthly, it elucidates speaking in tongues through applying the meaning of the baptism of the Holy Spirit on speaking in tongues. The core is protected and the identity is established by such efforts.
BP 36,000-30,000년 만경강 유역 구석기유적의 분포와 성격
이창승 ( Lee Chang-seung ) 전북대학교 인문학연구소 2016 건지인문학 Vol.17 No.-
Research into the relics of the Paleolithic Era in the Mankyung River Basin that were excavated since the 2000s confirmed the existence of three cultural layers. The third occupation layer in the Mankyung River Basin, which is the lowest one, can be divided into the first period (BP 35,000) and second period (BP 30,000). In the first and second periods of the third cultural layer in the Mankyung River Basin, mostly core stone tools and flake stone tools made of quartzite stones were found, and traces of blade-making using rhyolite stones were identified in some relics. Rhyolite stones were a new raw material for the efficient application of advanced stone tool-manufacturing technology that emerged during the post-Old Stone Age. Rhyolite stones were not easily obtained in the neighborhood, but were secured through economic activity. Widespread use of these stones suggests the level and characteristics of stoneware manufacturing technology of a group of people that manufactured such relics. With regard to the origin of blades, wide use of rhyolite stones and stone tool relics made with advanced stone tool-manufacturing technology can be interpreted as traces of modern humans of the northern region, while relics of pebble tools and flake stoneware made of quartzite are considered as belonging to modern humans of the southern region or Paleolithic humans. This suggests that the Paleolithic Era in the Mankyung Basin (BP 36,000.30,000) involves the coexistence of at least three groups. local Paleolithic humans, modern humans of the southern region, and modern humans of the northern region. In addition, the coexistence of these groups was similarly found in other parts of the Korean peninsula. With this background, relics of Jeonju Bonggok/Wolpyeong C and Wanju Galsanri can be seen as having originated from modern humans of the northern region, relics of Iksan Seoduri 2, Jeonju Deokdong C, and Wangju Ungyo from local Paleolithic humans, and relics of Jeonju Jangdong and Iksan Ssangjeongri from modern humans of the southern region. However, this classification is based on an analysis of fragmentary data on the use of stone materials and lithic composition, not considering variations that could have been formed by interactions among those groups, meaning this study needs to be improved through further research.