0 . 15 % 탄소강의 저온취성에 관한 연구

이종봉,김면섭,조종수 ( Jong B . Lee,Myun S . Kim,Jong S . Cho ) 한국부식방식학회 1978 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.7 No.3

(65)Pb(${Mg_{1/3}}{Nb_{2/3}}$)$O_3$-(35)$PbTiO_3$의 입자성장과 치밀화에 미치는 과량 PbO의 영향

이종봉,허태무,이호용,최균,김도연,Lee, Jong-Bong,Hur, Tae-Moo,Lee, Ho-Yong,Choi, Kyun,Kim, Doe-Yeon 한국세라믹학회 2000 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.37 No.7

The effect of excess PbO(0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mol%) on grain growth and densification of (65)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-(35)PbTiO3 [mol%] ceramics has been investigaetd. With increasing the amount of excess PbO and sintering time, densities of sintered samples decreased gradually. The samples containing less than 1 mol% of PbO showed normal grain growth behavior, however abnormal grain growth was observed to occur in the samples with more than 2 mol% of PbO. In the samples with more than 2 mol% of PbO, the number of abnormal grains decreased and thus the average grain size became smaller with increasing the amount of excess PbO. These results demonstrated that the abnormal grain growth started to occur when a critical amount of excess PbO was added to a (65)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-(35)PbTiO3 sample. Since PMN-PT grains in a liquid matrix were angular, the observed abnormal grain growth was explained to proceed through the two dimensional nucleation process.

교류 펄스 전압을 이용한 평판형 대기압 유전격벽방전 플라즈마의 특성 분석

이종봉(Jong Bong Lee),하창승(Chang-Seung Ha),김동현(Dong-Hyun Kim),이호준(Ho-Jun Lee),이해준(Hae June Lee) 대한전기학회 2012 전기학회논문지 Vol.61 No.5

Various types of dielectric-barrier-discharge (DBD) devices have been developed for diverse applications for the last decade. In this study, a flat non-thermal DBD micro plasma source under atmospheric pressure has been developed. The flat-panel type plasma is generated by bipolar pulse voltages, and driving gas is air. In this study, the plasma source was investigated with intensified charge coupled device (ICCD) images and Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES). The micro discharges are generated on the crossed electrodes. For theoretical analysis, 2-dimensional fluid simulation was performed. The plasma source can be driven in air, and thus the operation cost is low and the range of application is wide.

DC Pulse 전압을 이용한 DBD 대기압 플라즈마의 특성 분석

이종봉(Jong-Bong Lee),하창승(Chang-Seung Ha),김동현(Dong-Hyun Kim),이호준(Ho-Jun Lee),이해준(Hae June Lee) 대한전기학회 2011 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.7

姜成甲(1912~1950)의 생애와 지역사회 운동

이종봉(Lee, Jong-Bong) 부산경남사학회 2020 역사와 경계 Vol.117 No.-

본고는 강성갑의 생애와 사회운동에 대해 서술하였는데, 이를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 강성갑이 사회주의적 사상을 가지고 있었다는 기록과 증언을 어디에도 확인할 수 없다. 그는 어린 시절부터 기독교를 기반으로 성장하였는데, 이후 延禧專門을 다니면서 민족주의적 성향의 인물들과 교류 혹은 교육적 영향을 받으면서 민족주의 사상을 수용하였던 것으로 유추된다. 그는 일제강점기 고등교육을 받으면서 식민지 조선과 일본의 농촌에서 추진된 그룬트비히의 三愛이념을 기반으로 전개된 농촌교육운동에 대해 큰 감화를 받았을 뿐만 아니라 케르센슈타이너의 勞作敎育의 이론도 수용하였을 것이다. 그는 이런 교육 이념을 1945년 이후 적극실천하였던 행동하는 지식인, 참 교육이론·개혁가였다. 둘째, 강성갑은 勞作敎育과 ‘三愛’주의 이념을 토대로 경상남도 진영에서 지역사회운동을 실천하였고, 그러한 운동의 일환으로 한얼중학교 등을 설립하였다. 강성갑은 당시의 교육의 문제점을 질타하였고, 이를 해결하기 위해 인문중심의 교육에서 기술교육과 전문기술을 통해 소위 ‘쟁이’를 양성하여 실업자의 문제, 즉 더 나아가 한국의 사회·교육적 문제를 해소할 수 있다고 주장하였다. The Study on the life and social movement of Kang Seong-Gab can be summarized as follows. Firstly, It is impossible to find the record and testimony that Kang Seong-Gab had socialist thought. From early years, his thought had been based on the Christianity. It is inferred that he later accepted the nationalist thought, interacting with or being influenced educationally from the figures who had the nationalist disposition while being in the union of Yonhi College. He would have been greatly influenced by the rural education movement based on Grundwig’s “three” in colonial Joseon and Japan while receiving higher education at Japanese colonial era, as well as accepting Kersensteiner theory of Arbeitserziehung. He was a true Education Theory and Reformer who had practiced actively this kind of thought after 1945. Secondly, Kang Seong-Gab practiced community movements in Jinyoung, Gyeongsangnam-do, based on the ideology of Arbeitserziehung(勞作敎育) and Three Loves(三愛) and established Hanul Middle School as part of such a movement. Kang Seong-Gab rebuked the problem of the contemporary education, and in order to remedy this, he thought that it was possible to resolve the unemployment problem, and by extension, social, educational problem of Korea by training so called, ‘Jaeng-i’ through the technical training and professional skills beyond the existing education centered on humanities.

조선전기의 倭料

이종봉(Lee Jong-Bong) 부산경남사학회 2010 역사와 경계 Vol.77 No.-

This article analyzes Provsion given to the Japanese which was the revenue on lands given to Japanese in exchange with them in the early days of the Joseon Dynasty. This essay could be summarized like this. First, the Joseon had diplomatics with Japan under the principle of Goy-Rin policy and in such a position she dealt with her neighbor. The Dynasty had to consider the political and economical support for the Japanese and that was realized as a form of Provsion given to the Japanes. Second, Provsion given to the Japanese was based on the Gong-An which was the land tax of the Dynasty. The 15,000 bags of the Jeon-Se of the GyoungSang Province were allocated to it. The region of the Jeon-Se for Wea-Roy had not been appointed from the beginning of the policy. The appointing got done in the practicing of the support. The appointed regions were 35 counties of the Province including Un-Cheon(20 counties) wherein the Je-Po Wea-Gwan, Dong-Rea(11 counties) wherein the Busan-Po Wea-Gwan and Ul-San(4 counties) wherein the Yum-Po Wea-Gwan in the 6th year of the King Seong-Jong. According to the Geography of the Annal of the King Sejong Provsion given to the Japanese was belonged to the regions that were Un-Cheon(70,641 Gyel), Dong-Rea(55,308 Gyel) and Ul-San(11,310 Gyel). Those amounts of lands were as many as the half of the total lands of the province. Third, as the come-and-go of the Japanese accelerated sharply by the reason that the interchange with Japan had been animated, Provsion given to the Japanese has increased to exceed the Gong-An. That added the financial burden of the province. The growth of the cost was caused by the increase of the come-and-go of the Japanese partially but caused by the conspiracy between the Japanese and the Hayng-Tong-Sa who were the interpreters in the practicing the policy. Those interpreters played an important role in the increase of Provsion given to the Japanese in the later days of 15th century and 16th. Forth, The policy had the purpose of supporting the Japanese who were in the Joseon in the early days of the Dynasty, but in the late, the lands allocated to it not only increased but also became the main resources of the formal trade with Japan.

高麗時代의 農業技術과 水田農業

李宗峯(Lee Jong-Bong) 효원사학회 2005 역사와 세계 Vol.- No.28·29

조선시대 울주지역 옹기의 생산과 의미

이종봉(Lee Jong Bong) 효원사학회 2011 역사와 세계 Vol.- No.40

This study examines the Onggi production in the Ulju area in the Joseon Dynasty period, and it may be briefly summed up as follows. Firstly, the Ulju area is the most suitable site on which to produce Onggi. It is abundant in water resources, in which the tributaries of the Taehwa river and the Hoeya river are interconnected. And it also has rich forest resources and plentiful clay because its central and southern parts are mountainous. Secondly, Ulju was the area to actively produce Onggi in the Joseon Dynasty period, considering the fact that the porcelain and pottery were designated as the local tributes in the early Joseon Dynasty, the documents about the pottery workshops in Jeyeodap-ri, Onggok-ri and Daeto-ri, and the pottery kilns to bake Onggi in the late Joseon Dynasty and the Hanmal. The kilns in the Ulju area are distributed over the two districts around the Taehwa river and the Hoeya river. Finally, the kilns had been located in the inland area, the upper region of Taehwa and Hoeya, in the 16th and 16th centuries, and they were moved to the middle and lower regions and increased in number greatly in the 18th and 19th centuries. It seems that their movements and increase were significantly associated with the transport and consumption of Onggi.

고려시대대일교류(高麗時代對日交流)와 부산(釜山)

이종봉 ( Lee Jong Bong ) 부경역사연구소 2004 지역과 역사 Vol.- No.15

This study is to examine the development of relations between Koryo and Japan and the exchange towards Japan in the Koryo dynasty. It may be briefly summed up as follows. First, relations between Koryo and Japan may be broadly divided into four phases. In the first phase, the period from the 10th century to the early 11th century, Koryo attempted to establish official diplomatic relations with Japan by dispatching envoys in Japan, but failed to advance relations between two countries owing to the Japanese reluctance to open the door to foreign intercourse and fear of the Koryo’s aggression. However in the second phase from the early 11th century to the end of 11th century, the Yozin(女眞) Doi ethnic’s(刀伊族) invasion of Japan renewed relations between two countries. At this time, Koryo and Japan returned castaways to their home country and dispatched envoys to each country as well. Especially, the Japanese traders carried on commercial transactions under the order of Palkwanhoi(八關會) in the Koryo dynasty. Although diplomatic relations between two countries were strained, because the Koryo’s patrol seized ship included in the Japanese crews in Yunpyung island in the end of 11th century, in the third phase also, the Koryo-Japan traders still made contact with each other. In the fourth phase, from the late 13th century to the fall of the Koryo dynasty, two countries had not a normal foreign relation but a invading spoiled relation. Secondly, as the Koryo’s relation towards Japan took a turn for the better and the exchange with Japan advanced in the early 11th century, the Koryo-Japan trade became active. And trading post where exchanged goods with Japan was KuemJoo(金州). At that time, Koryo had trade relation with Japan in private as well as in public. The business named Jinbong trade(進奉貿易) was an official one. Jinbong trade means that Koryo carried on commercial transactions under the order of Palkwanhoi(八關會) rather than under the order of Jogong(朝貢)․Chaekbong system (冊封體制) in East Asia. Like this, Jinbon trade went into effect partly from about the mid 11th century to the middle 13th century, even in the maelstrom of the struggle against Mongol invasion. On the other side, here were also somewhat of private trade with Japan. At this time, the fact that were castaways and traders returned to their home country proves that they smuggled goods without permission or abnormally. Thirdly, Kuemjoo(金州) in which located Gaekkwan(客館) was a commercial center in the Koryo trade with Japan. Gaekkwan(客館) in Kuemjoo(金州) was established as the house of the Japanese envoys and traders in the early 11th century, and took exclusive charge of the Koryo-Japan trade, unlike other Gaekkwan(客館) which were established in Seoul. Gaekkwan was managed under the control of Dongnamhaedobuseo(東南海都府署) which took charge of southeast coast, not local official in Kuemjoo(金州). The quarter of Dongnamhaedobuseo had originally located in Kyungjoo in the 22th year of King Taejo(太祖) regime, but was transferred to Kuemjoo owing to conditions at the location of relations between Koryo and Japan in the 32th year of King Moonjong(文宗) regime(1079). It is at present Gurangdong, Noksandong, Gangseogu, Busan metropolitan-city the place where Gaekkwan in Kuemjoo located. In conclusion, I suggest that the present Busan was a base of foreign trade on and from the Koryo dynasty.

高麗·唐·日本의 律令制와 婚姻制

이종봉(Lee, Jong-Bong) 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소 2012 한국민족문화 Vol.43 No.-

고려?당?일본의 율령을 통한 혼인제를 요약 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 혼인의 나이는 당령과 일본령에서 남자 15세, 여자 13세였다. 고려에서는 확인할 수 없다. 당령을 계수한 일본령에서 혼인연령이 율령에 실린 것은 일본의 혼인이 처문혼에서 서취혼으로 변화하는 단계에서 비롯된 것으로 보인다. 둘째, 禁婚의 규정인데, 당령은 同姓뿐만 아니라 喪服親戚관계에 들어있는 자들이 그 대상이 되었지만 이와 함께 尊卑관계를 적용하였기 때문에 외사촌이나 고종사촌은 금혼대상에서 제외되었다. 그러나 고려초기는 동성혼에 대한 규제는 있었지만 현실적으로 시행되지 못하다가 성리학 수용 이후가 되면 당령보다 더 엄격하게 적용하고 있다. 다만 일본령은 금혼의 대상에 대한 율령을 찾을 수 없다. 셋째, 혼인에서 혼주의 역할인데, 당령에서는 혼주를 부계혈통에서만 범주화시키고 있다. 그리고 규율에 어긋나는 행위에 대한 처벌, 즉 이를 시행한 혼주에 대한 처벌은 매우 엄격하였다. 반면 일본령은 부계뿐만 아니라 모계까지도 포함되고 있다. 더 나아가 혼주의 선정에 여성의 입김이 더 많이 작용하였다. 이점은 일본이 혼인을 한 이후에도 부부가 동거를 하는 것이 확실하지 않은 상황이 많았고, 동거를 하는 경우에도, 여성의 집 또는 제3의 곳에서 하기 때문에 이러한 규율이 제정되었으리라 본다. 고려는 혼주의 역할을 잘 알 수는 없지만 조부모와 부모 등이 그러한 역할을 하였을 가능성이 있다. 넷째, 이혼의 문제인데, 이혼은 협의이혼과 강제이혼으로 구분된다. 전자는 부부 쌍방의 의사에 의하여 이혼하는 ‘和離’로 이에 대한 율령적 규제는 찾을 수 없다. 그러나 후자인 강제이혼은 부부 당사자가 아닌 법 규정에 의하여 행하여지는 것이므로 다양한 유형을 찾을 수 있는데, 그것은 義絶, 棄妻, 逃亡 등을 들 수 있다. 다섯째, 재혼인데, 이에 대해서는 고려?당?일본이 강제적으로 억압하는 조문은 보이지 않는다. 다만 당에서는 재혼을 조부모나 부모가 권하지 않고 다른 이들이 이를 행하도록 유도하면 처벌을 받도록 되어 있다. 일본은 당과 고려보다 재혼이 자유로웠기 때문에 오히려 이혼의 합법성을 주장하고 재혼의 타당성을 율령으로서 인정하였다. 고려는 재혼의 사례가 다수 나타나지만, 성리학이 도입 이후 재혼에 대한 제한을 두어 일정한 관직 이상은 재혼할 수 있는 횟수와 기간을 설정하여 수절을 적극 장려하였다. Though Rejuhyungbo of Eastasia, Goryeo, Tang, and Japan, was based on the mother law by Tang, it was differently organized by the acceptance of the its own law and etiquette. Marriage institution classified itself into marriage, divorce and remarriage, which was consisted of law with marriage age, prohibition of marriage, role of marriage host, divorce and remarriage. The law rested in such as Tang law, Yangno law, and Goryeo law. Many of cases of the marriage law of Goryeo and Japan accepted that of Tang. However, it was discovered that the marriage law of Goryeo and Japan was fitted flexibly according to each country"s situation. The case of prohibition of marriage law in Tang, for example, all relatives as well as the same last name were prohibited to marry but not the same case in Goryeo and Japan. In other words, Same-sex marriage in Goryeo seemed to have no regulations at all, in Japan, there was no regulations of prohibition of marriage either, which was because in Japan there was no settlement of parentel system as step of "Cheomunhon". Divorce classified itself into "Yeojul", "Dumping Wives" and "Runaway". Among these, was "Yeojul" that Goryeo, Tang, and Japan had same law. The "Dumping Wives" Yangno law was more detailed than that of Tang. Remarriage was different to each country. Indeed, people in Japan was allowed to freely remarry, that was because the legitimacy of divorce and universal validity of remarriage was admitted in the Yangno law