高麗時代의 尺 : 고려시대의 척

이종봉 부산대학교 사학회 2000 釜大史學 Vol.24 No.-

高麗時代의 衡制

이종봉 부산대학교 사학회 1999 釜大史學 Vol.23 No.-

60㎏/㎟ 급 조질고장력강의 (調質高張力鋼) 용접성 연구

이종봉 대한금속재료학회 1982 대한금속재료학회 학술대회 개요집 Vol.1982 No.0

Single - Molecule Detection in Biology

이종봉 한국생물공학회 2008 BT NEWS Vol.15 No.3

HY계 고강도 고인성강의 용접성

이종봉,안상곤,심인옥 대한용접접합학회 1995 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.13 No.3

Weldability of DS100 and HY type high strength-toughness steel plates, tentatively produced as domestic production, was investigated. DS100 and DS130A had nearly same hardenability in HAZ in spite of its difference in Ceq. Based upon the y-groove test results, cold cracking susceptibility of DS130 was superior to that of DS100 because of its lower hydrogen level in weld metal. Solidification cracking tested by the Trans-Varestraint test was occured in all of the weld metals, and its susceptibility was high in the row of DS100, DS130A and DS130B. However, no liquation cracking and ductility-dip cracking tested by the Longi-Varestraint test with 6.0% augmented strain were detected in base metal and reheated weld metal. Toughness in the GMA welding joint was satisfied with the relative Mill Spec, even though welded joint of DS100 had relatively low impact energy especially at the weld metal.

고려시기 수전농업의 발달과 이앙법

李宗峯 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소 1993 한국민족문화 Vol.6 No.-

【기획논문】조선전기의 의,농학자 全循義 全循義의 생애와 저술

이종봉 부경역사연구소 2011 지역과 역사 Vol.- No.28

The Career and Writings of Jeon Sun-Eui(全循義) Lee, Jong-Bong This study examines Jeon Sun-Eui who worked as a royal physician in the reigns of Sejong and Sejo. The gist is as follows. Firstly, the career of Jeon Sun-Eui can be divided into two periods largely. He passed over a course to be a medical officer in the reign of King Sejong, and worked as not only a medical officer but also a statesman in the reign of King Sejo. In the former period, He grew as a medical officer through the doctor training of King Sejong, interacting with Kim Ye-Mong, a civil official, and other medical officers. And in the latter period, he treated the statesmen of merit as well as King Sejo, and variously associated with them on the basis of this political relation. Given the selection conditions for a medical officer in the early Joseon, Jeon Sun-Eui might be from a respectable family rather than the low class, and probably become a medical officer through the state examination. Secondly, the medical practice of Jeon Sun-Eui depended on not only medical books but the various medical techniques and dietary treatments, with which he showed the ability to treat diseases. His impeachment in connection with King Munjong was caused by the adhesion to his own experience. But he displayed his political ability, treating diseases with splendid medical techniques by his old age in the rule of King Sejo. Thirdly, he took part in the compilation of Euibangyuchi in 1445, and wrote Chimgutaegilpyeonjip, widening his medical knowledge. Chimgutaegilpyeonjip sought to achieve a synthesis of the methods of medicinal acupuncture and moxibustion along the medical incentive scheme of King Sejong, whereby to strive for the social stability by enabling people to live in peace. And he wrote Sikryochanyo in 1460. It reveals his medical perspective that emphasized the importance of preventive medicine rather than merely curing disease. Therefore, this shows that his perspective was based on the traditional medical philosophy of Korea and China, and that its focus shifted from curing to preventive medicine. Fourthly, the works of Jeon Sun-Eui were connected with the compilation of medical and agricultural books that were practical literatures about the lives of people, and they were written with the intention of strengthening the rule base of Sejong and Sejo. Because Medical books could contribute to strive for the stability of people’s livelihood by developing medical techniques, and agricultural books could help to reinforce the country’s infrastructure by improving the agricultural techniques and productivity.

韓 ․ 中 ․ 日 近世時期 度量衡制 比較 硏究 - 朝鮮前期․明․室町時期를 중심으로 -

이종봉 부산경남사학회 2019 역사와 경계 Vol.110 No.-

This paper deals with system of weights and measures in early modern Korean, China and Japan by the comparative method. Firstly, Korean, China and Japan in early modern used the same units of the measurements such as ‘Pun, Chon, Cheok and Jang’(‘分․寸․尺․丈’). Although units and types of the measurements were similar, but they also varied slightly by each countries. The early Joseon dynasty set the ruler for musical instruments(黃鐘尺) as a standard and used the ruler of Zhou dynasty(周尺) as the land surveying ruler(量田尺), the fabric measuring ruler(布帛尺) for receiving fabrics as a tax, the ruler for the manufacture of ritual vessels(造禮器尺), and the woodworking ruler(營造尺) for the construction of mountain fortress and other structure, etc. In the Ming dynasty(明代), the rulers like the woodworking ruler(營造尺), the land surveying ruler(量地尺) and the tailor ruler(栽衣尺) came into use. In the Muromachi period(室町期), there were the carpentry ruler and the traditional clothing ruler(呉服尺), etc. The type and length of a Cheok(尺) varied by each countries. Secondly, the measuring bowls included Hop, Seung, Du anc Suck(合, 升, 斗, 石). In the early Joseon dynasty, the volume of one Suck was 15 Du as the ordinary Suck(平石) and was also 20 Du as the perfect Suck(全石). On the other hand, the volume of one Suck in the Ming dynasty and the Muromachi period were 10 Suck. The volume of one Seung is estimated at about 0.6ℓthrough standards of Gok, Du, Seung and Hop(斛․斗․升․合) established in the 28th year of the King Sejong. And the volume of one Seung was about 1ℓ in the Ming dynasty and was about 1.44ℓ in the Muromachi period, but varied a little by region. Thirdly, one Geun(斤) as a scale unit was 16 Ryang(兩). According to Gyeongguk Daejeon(『經國大典』), the units less than Ryang in the early Joseon were used with decimal system like in the case of China. The weight of one Geun was similar in the early Joseon, Ming dynasty and the Muromachi period. 한중일 근세시기의 도량형제를 비교 검토하였는데, 이를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 근세의 척의 단위는 ‘分․寸․尺․丈’으로 동일함을 알 수 있고, 척의 종류는 유사한 측면도 있지만, 각국의 특성에 따라 조금 차이가 있었다. 조선전기의 척은 黃鐘尺을 기준하여 周尺(=量田尺), 布帛尺(=포의 수취), 造禮器尺(=의례용), 營造尺(=산성·건물의 축조) 등이 있었고, 明代는 營造尺․量地尺․栽衣尺 등이 사용되었고, 室町期는 曲尺과 함께 吳服尺 등이 존재하였다. 이처럼 척의 종류와 길이는 국가마다 달랐다. 둘째, 양기는 合(홉)․升(되)․斗(말)․石(섬) 등이 있었고, 조선전기의 석은 1석=15두(平石)와 1석=20두(全石)가 사용되었지만, 명대와 실정기는 1석 10두였다. 1승의 용적은 세종 28년에 제정된 斛․斗․升․合을 통해 약 0.6ℓ로 추정되고, 명대는 1승=약 1ℓ, 실정기는 약 1.44ℓ이지만 지역마다 다소 차이가 있었다. 셋째, 저울의 단위는 1斤=16兩이었다. 兩이하의 단위는 조선전기는 『경국대전』에 중국의 경우처럼 십진법이 운용되었다. 1근의 중량은 조선전기와 명대와 실정기가 비슷하였다.

나말여초 양주의 동향과 김인훈

이종봉 부경역사연구소 2003 지역과 역사 Vol.- No.13

This paper examined the character of powerful family(豪族) in the Yangju district. It sums up as follows; Firstly, the Yangju district, one of nine Ju five Sogyeong(9州 5小京), had been a stronghold of provincial government after a unification of Later Three nations. The social changes in the late period of Shilla provoked the appearance of independent powerful families in every district. The powerful family of Kim In-hun appeared in the Yangju district. It was a small powerful family which had military strength around Singiria mountain fortress(新基里 山城) of Yangju in the late period of Shilla and the early period of Koryo. Secondly, Kim In-hun's powerful family grew into Toseong(土城) group around Yangju and represented a local power among Toseong groups of Yangju. His family built Seonghwangsa(城隍祠) and dedicated a shrine to Kim In-hun in order to be different from any other Toseong group. After that time, the Kims of Yangsan(양산) which settled there for generations entered actively politics in the first half of Koryo. Finally, Kim In-hun from powerful family of Yangju had political relations with Taejo Wanggeon(太祖 王建) in the late period of Shilla and the early period of Koryo. He helped Wanggeon to unify Later Three nations and Koryo to extend its territory into the south coast district. Yangju was raised in status of ‘Jungheungbu(中興府)' before a unification of Later Three Nations and changed into Ju(州) by a reorganization of Gunhyeon(郡縣) local system in 23 years under the reign of Taejo. It seemed that Yangju held a position in local society and controled nearby Gunhyeon, owing to Kim In-hun's political activities in the late period of Shilla and the early

日帝 强占期 度量衡制의 운용 양상

이종봉 釜山大學校 韓國民族文化硏究所 2015 한국민족문화 Vol.56 No.-

본고는 일제 강점기 도량형의 운용 양상에 대해 검토하였는데, 이를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 식민지 조선은 1909년부터 도량형법 하에 尺貫法을 시행하였는데, 이를 확산․보급시키기 위해 다양한 노력을 추진하였다. 척관계 도량형기의 확산․보급을 위해 지역의 군수ㆍ면장 등의 지방 관료를 동원하여 장려하였고, 구 도량형기를 적극적으로 파기하였다. 신 도량형기를 구입할 수 없는 민에게는 마을의 里長과 洞費에서 이를 구입하여 제공하고, 이를 사용하게 하였다. 총독부는 경찰과 헌병 등의 치안조직을 활용하여 부정 도량형기에 대한 단속을 하였는데, 부정 도량형기는 일본인 상인들도 상당수 사용하였다. 둘째, 일제 강점기는 도량형법에 의해 도량형이 운용되었으므로 주로 척관계 도량형기가 사용되었지만, 한말 이후 야드․파운드계의 도량형기도 부분적으로 사용되었다. 야드․파운드법은 바다․해상의 거리와 포목류의 길이 측정에 널리 사용되었다. 따라서 일제 강점기는 미터법, 척관법, 야드․파운드법 등이 혼재되었고, 그 중심은 척관법이었다. 셋째, 총독부는 朝鮮度量衡令을 공포하여 1926년 4월 1일부터 미터법을 시행하였다. 총독부가 식민지 조선에 미터법을 실시한 것은 일본과 단위의 통일을 위한 것이었고, 이는 식민지 지배의 효율성을 위한 것이었다. 총독부는 미터법의 확산을 위해 1927년도부터 다양한 활동을 전개하였는데, 그것은 미터법의 선전을 위한 포스타와 삐라 등의 각종 선전물을 배포하거나 각 지역에서 설명회를 개최하는 방식이었다. 넷째, 조선의 미터법은 일본에서 미터법이 전면적 실시되지 못하고 유예된 것처럼 유예되었지만, 향후 미터법이 향후 정착될 수 있는 기반을 제공하였다. 미터법은 해방이후 1964년 1월 1일부터 전면적으로 시행되었지만, 일정기간 동안 기존에 사용되었던 척관법과 야드․파운드법 등이 공존하였다. This article attempts to examine various aspects on the application of the weights and measures system in Korea during Japanese colonial rule, which is summarized as follow. First, the Japanese government general of Joseon not only has introduced the Cheokgwan system(尺貫法) as the major weights and measures system since 1909, but also has driven a variety of efforts in order to popularize and supply measuring tools for the system. To do so, the government mobilized local officials such as provincial governors and heads of township and discarded old-fashioned measuring tools. In addition to this, the authorities purchased new measuring tools at each town"s expense and provided them for those who could not afford them. The government general cracked down the use of the illegal measuring tools―which were used by a fair number of Japanese merchants as well―by mobilizing the police and the military police. Second, whereas the measuring tools for the Cheokgwan system were mainly used during Japanese colonial rule because the law on the weights and measures system was applied for it, measuring tools for the yard-pound system were also partly used in this period. the yard-pound system was widely used in calculating the distance between points on sea and measuring the length of linens and cottons. That is, the people in that period used the metric system with the Cheokgwan system, and the yard-pound system and the Cheokgwan system mainly during Japanese colonial rule. Third, the government general issued the decree on the weights and measures system in Joseon(朝鮮度量衡令) in 1926, attempting to implement the metric system on April 1, 1926 in order to enhance the effectiveness of the colonial rule by uniting all units with Japan. The general mounted various activities to spread metric system: distributing of posters and leaflets and holding of briefing session all across the country. Finally, even though the metric system in Joseon under Japanese colonial rule had been postponed as in Japan, this provided a foundation where the metric system could be established later. Although the metric system was fully enforced from January 1, 1964, the Cheokgwan system and the yard-pound system that have been used before were coexisting for a certain period of time.