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가정의 사교육비 지출 영향요인 탐색 및 지출 분위별 차별적 효과 분석
이인영,유성상 서울대학교 교육종합연구원 2019 The SNU Journal of Education Research Vol.28 No.1
This study investigates the factors influencing the expenditure of shadow education by utilizing the multiple regression analysis and analyzes the differential effects of the factors according to the spending level of private education expenditure by using the quantile regression analysis. The results of this study are as follows: first, gender, after-school program participation, mother education, child learning support, and school evaluation have significant effects on shadow education expenditure. Second, the effect of residence factor, planning for special high school entrance factor, monthly average household income, and working parents factor showed differential effects. The results of this study suggest that the effect of after-school program in reducing private education expenses, the purpose of shadow education pursuing excellence, and parental education and residence effect on private education expenses. 본 연구에서는 중다회귀분석과 분위회귀 분석을 통해 가정의 사교육비 지출 영향요인을 탐색하고, 지출 분위별 영향요인의 차별적 효과를 분석하였다. 연구결과, 첫째, 성별, 방과후 학교 참여, 모 학력, 자녀학습지원, 학교에 대한 평가가 사교육비 지출에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 사교육비 지출 분위 집단에 따라 거주지 요인, 특목고 진학계획 요인, 월평균 가계소득, 맞벌이 여부의 효과가 다르게 나타났다. 연구결과는 방과후 학교 프로그램의 사교육비 경감 효과와 사교육의 수월성 목적, 사교육비에 대한 부모 학력 및 거주지 효과를 시사한다.
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이인영 국어국문학회 2023 국어국문학 Vol.0 No.205
김수영의 시를 존재론 입장으로 해석했다. 김수영의 산문에서 김수영이 ‘서구 식민주의 문학론’을 배우려고 한다고 했다. 김수영이 생각한 ‘서구 식민주의 문학론’이 하이데거의 ‘서구 형이상학’이다. 자크 데리다의 하이데거의 ‘서구 형이상학’의 맹점에 대한 비판을 인용하여 그것이 ‘서구 식민지 문학론’이라 생각하는 이유를 논거하려 한다. 김상환과 김유중의 김수영 존재론적 해석이 기존 연구 중 가장 괄목할 성과로 판단한다. 김수영의 〈사랑의 변주곡〉에 나오는 사랑을 발견하려는 욕구를 시민과 현실에 대한 사랑으로 보고 김수영이 후기 작품에서 순수시와 참여시의 조화를 원했으며, 방법론으로 반복적 리듬으로 ‘정신적 반복’으로 동심원적 확대를 자아에서 타자, 시민, 사회로 사랑 대상을 확장했다. 필자는 현대 기후 위기의 시대에 타자의 범위를 사람에서 사람, 동물, 사회, 자연으로 확대하고자 한다. 김수영은 자연 친화적 시도 많이 썼다. 김수영의 〈사랑의 변주곡〉에 나오는 ‘아들아’는 ‘아들’에게 사랑과 진심을 담아 쓰는 편지 형식을 시에 도입해, 시와 산문의 형식 파괴를 했으며, 리듬의 반복으로 ‘패러다임 혁명’을 “사랑에 미쳐 날뛸 날이 올 거다!”로 표현하며 ‘탈식민주의 문학론’과 ‘평화 통일 염원’의 자유와 사랑을 보여주었다. 김수영 후기 작품의 방법론을 ‘무(無)’로 보고 ‘무의미 시’의 방법론과 의미를 이야기했다. ‘무의미 시’는 의미를 품은 ‘무의미’이다. 하이데거가 니힐리즘, 허무주의 시대의 ‘무(無)’를 이야기했으나 타자성이 부족하다고 생각하여, 진짜 ‘무(無)’가 아니다. 진짜 ‘무(無)’는 타자성이 전제되어야 하며, 자크 데리다의 사상은 주변인 인식을 잘 드러내고 김수영 시에 더 맞는 사상이다. 김수영의 시에는 사회적 소외자를 생각하는 진짜 ‘무(無)’가 있다. 김수영의 〈파밭 가에서〉의 반복되는 말은 “묵은 사랑이……붉은 파밭의 푸른 새싹을 보아라/ 얻는다는 것은 곧 잃는 것이다”. 이 시에서 ‘묵은 사랑’은 시민과 사회, 현실에 대한 시인의 사랑이다. ‘붉은 파밭’은 혁명에서 피 흘리는 사람들의 희생에 대한 환유이다. ‘푸른 새싹’은 김수영의 〈풀〉처럼 시민의 생명력, 패러다임 혁명으로 ‘탈식민주의 문학론’과 ‘평화 통일 염원’이다. 시민들은 혁명 후에 자유를 얻지만, 그 전에 시민들의 피 흘림 같은 희생이 뒷받침된다. 그래서 “얻는다는 것은 곧 잃는 것이다”라고 표현했다. 김수영의 사랑은 그냥 사랑이 아니고 ‘묵은 사랑’이다 오래되고 깊이 있는 현실과 시민에 대한 사랑이 자연, 대지의 ‘파밭’을 이용하면서 하늘과 대지, 인간을 하나로 만들며 우주를 하나로 통일시켰다. 이것은 김상환의 글에 나오는 〈태극도설〉과 유사하며, 김수영의 후기 작품에 보이는 참여시와 순수시의 조화와 ‘무(無)’의 우주적 원리를 대지와 자연을 이용해서 반복적 리듬으로 ‘회기’를 보여준 것이 의의가 있다. 김수영의 〈시여, 침을 뱉어라〉 시론에서 “〈내용〉은 언제나 밖에다 대고 〈너무나 많은 자유가 없다〉는 말을 해야 한다. 그래야지만 〈너무나 많은 자유가 있다〉는 〈형식〉을 정복할 수 있고, 그때 비로소 하나의 작품이 간신히 성립된다. 〈내용〉은 언제나 밖에다 대고 〈너무나 많은 자유가 없다〉는 말을 계속해서 지껄여야 한다. 이것을 계속해서 지껄이 ... Kim Soo-young’s poetry was interpreted from an existential standpoint. In Kim Su-young’s prose, Kim Soo-young said that he was trying to learn ‘literary theory of Western colonialism.’ The ‘literary theory of Western colonialism’ thought by Kim Soo-young is Heidegger’s ‘Western metaphysics’. Citing Jacques Derrida’s criticism of the blind spots of Heidegger’s ‘Western metaphysics,’ I will try to argue why I think it is ‘Western colonial literary theory.’ Kim Sang-hwan and Kim Yu-jung’s ontological interpretation of Kim Soo-young is judged to be the most remarkable achievement among existing studies. Seeing the desire to discover love in Kim Soo-young’s 〈Variations on Love〉 as a love for citizens and reality, Kim Soo-young wanted harmony between pure poetry and participatory poetry in his later works, and as a methodology, concentric expansion through repetitive rhythm and ‘mental repetition’. The object of love has expanded from self to others, citizens, and society. In the era of the modern climate crisis, the author wants to expand the scope of others from people to people, animals, society, and nature. Kim Soo-young wrote many nature-friendly poems. ‘Son’ in Kim Soo-young’s 〈Variations on Love〉 introduced the form of a letter written with love and sincerity to ‘son’ into the poem, destroying the forms of poetry and prose, and creating a ‘paradigm revolution’ through repetition of rhythm. “The day will come when I will go crazy with love!”, showing the freedom and love of ‘postcolonial literary theory’ and ‘desire for peaceful unification’. Kim Soo-young viewed the methodology of his later works as ‘nothingness (無)’ and talked about the methodology and meaning of ‘meaningless micro-poetry’. ‘Meaningless poetry’ is ‘meaninglessness’ that contains meaning. Heidegger spoke of ‘nothingness’ in the era of nihilism and nihilism, but he thought it lacked otherness, so it was not a true ‘nothingness.’ Real ‘nothingness’ requires otherness as a prerequisite, and Jacques Derrida’s ideas well reveal the perception of those around him and are more appropriate for Kim Soo-young’s poetry. In Kim Soo-young’s poetry, there is a real ‘nothingness’ that thinks of social outcasts. The repeated words in Kim Soo-young’s “By the Green Onion Field” are “old love…” … Look at the green sprouts of the red onion field/ To gain is to lose.” In this poem, ‘old love’ is the poet’s love for citizens, society, and reality. The ‘red green onion field’ is a metonym for the sacrifice of those who shed blood in the revolution. ‘Green Sprout’, like Kim Soo-young’s 〈Grass〉, is a ‘post-colonial literary theory’ and a ‘desire for peaceful unification’ with the vitality of citizens and a paradigm revolution. Citizens gain freedom after the revolution, but before that, sacrifices such as the shedding of blood by citizens are supported. That is why it is expressed, “To gain is to lose.” Kim Soo-young’s love is not just love, but ‘old love.’ Old and deep love for reality and citizens made the sky, the earth, and humans one by using the ‘green onion fields’ of nature and the earth, unifying the universe as one. This is similar to 〈Taegeukdoseol〉 in Kim Sang-hwan’s writing, and shows the harmony of participatory poetry and pure poetry seen in Kim Su-young’s later works and the cosmic principle of ‘nothingness’, using the earth and nature to demonstrate ‘recursion’ through repetitive rhythm. This is meaningful. In Kim Soo-young’s poetic essay 〈Poetry, Spit〉, “〈Content〉 must always be said to the outside world and say, 〈There is not too much freedom.〉 Only then can the 〈form〉 of 〈there is too much freedom〉 be conquered, and only then can a work of art be finally established. 〈Content〉 must always keep saying to the outside world, ‘There is not too much ...
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이인영 한림대학교 법학연구소 2001 한림법학 FORUM Vol.10 No.-
The Criminal Procedure is given two tasks;one is the necessities of discovering the substantial truth including arrest and punishment of criminals, protechtion of sufferers and maintenance of public order. The other is the requirement for the security of human rights, which protected the human rights of the suspected and the accused from being punished with committing no crime by the potential misjudgement of human being who was not god. There occur a conflict between the two tasks throughout the whole area in the criminal procedure. A primary purpose of bail can be said to implement the ideology of embodiment of justice and to protect human rights in criminal justice system. A major justification of bail was that the bail procedure can be employed in courts as a way to avoid the probable confinement of innocent persons, who are falsely accused. Another justification of bail was that the historical legal doctrine. Presumption of Innocent, would not be appropriately implemented in judicial processing without a bail provision. However the results of empirical analysis showed that the bail provision of person before indictment in Korea has been implemented in a limited scope, and that the provision has been improperly applied in several ways. This study recommends that more efforts should be given to correct the problem on the implementation and application of bail provision of a person before indictment in Criminal Procedure Law. This Study suggests that it is necessary to enlarge the scope of application of bail. Bail shall be available even for the suspects, if it is certain that they will be appear at courts on the appointed date. It is necessary to develop alternative methods-Release on personal recognizance, Conditional release, Station house Citaion Release-for the allowance of bail in addition to the traditional method-Monetary bail. It is necessary to provide the judge with detailed guides, which can be adopted when the judge decide the amount of the bail bond. This Study suggests that the amount of the bail bond shall be considered as a way for poor defendants to prepare the bail money.
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이인영 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2005 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.35
When in need of setting a research target on both the Korean and the Japanese languages, two major linguistic disciplines the historical comparative linguistics and the contrastive linguistics are assumably available. However, genetic affiliation between Korean and Japanese has not yet been fully proved; traditional methodology of the historical linguistics, thus, has not been so successful as to deal with the above two languages in genetic perspectives. Meanwhile, contrastive linguistics has had its own effect on such research as above, with its theoretical foundations based on the descriptive linguistics of the structuralism. It has served practical foreign language education, and has played great roles in developing teaching methods and materials for practical uses. However, argument over contrastive linguistics seems to be current in various levels even these days; due to the fact that linguistic theories are presumably so fluid and even in chaotic status that we would find difficulties in finding reliable theories that are suitable for contrastive research. Thus, output often ends up with a mere description of similarities and/or differences among the target languages. Considering the current situation as stated above, the present paper aims not only to overview the targets and units of the contrastive research, but also to describe the fundamental operations that are needed for the contrastive research in the Korean and the Japanese languages.
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