쥐 뇌에서의 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase의 분포에 관한 연구

이영돈,주충노,Lee, Young-Don,Joo, Chung-No 생화학분자생물학회 1993 한국생화학회지 Vol.26 No.8

쥐 뇌에서의 aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH) 활성분포를 조사하기 위하여 합성된 생체 aldehyde를 비롯한 여러 기질을 사용하여 부위에 따른 활성, 세포내 분포 및 isozyme의 존재 양상을 조사하였다. 뇌의 모든 부위에서 indole-3-acetaldehyde에 대한 총 ALDH활성은 acetaldehyde나 propionaldehyde에 대한 활성보다 높았다. $V_{max}/K_{m}$비를 통하여 기질과의 친화도를 조사한 결과 indole-3-acetaldehyde와 propionaldehyde에 대한 친화도는 뇌의 모든 부위에서 low-$K_m$ ALDH가 $high-K_m$, ALDH보다 훨씬 컸다. 특히 선조체의 ALDH는 다른 부위의 ALDH에 비하여 방향족 aldehyde에 대하여 낮은 $K_m$ 값과 높은 $V_{max}/K_{m}$비를 나타냈으며 3,4-dihydroxyphe-nylacetaldehyde(DOPAL)에 대하여 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 이같은 결과는 뇌조직에서 신경전달물질로부터 유래한 방향족 aldehyde는 주로 $low-K_m$ ALDH에 의해 산화되며 이 과정은 특히 선조체에서 dopamine의 산화과정에 크게 관여할 것으로 생각된다. Indole-3-acetaldehyde에 대한 ALDH활성의 세포내 분포의 경우, 미토콘트리아분획의 활성은 시상하부와 해마체에서 다소 높았고 미크로좀분획의 활성은 뇌의 모든 부위에서 가장 낮은 분포를 보였으며 부위에 따라 뚜렷한 차이가 없었다. 뇌 ALDH는 isoelectric focusing에 의해 두 분획(E1, E2)으로 구성된 $low-K_m$ isozyme과 활성이 미약한 $high-K_m$ isozyme으로 분리되었으나 부위에 따른 분포양상의 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. This study was attempted to examine the ALDH activities using several aldehydes including synthetic biogenic aldehydes and the subcellular distribution in seven different areas of rat brain. The total ALDH activity with indole-3-acetaldehyde were higher than acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde in all areas. Taking $V_{max}/K_{m}$ ratio as the index of affinity of substrate to the enzyme, affinities of $low-K_m$, ALDH for indole-3-acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde were stronger than those of $high-K_m$, ALDH. Especially striatum showed the lowest $K_m$ value and the highest $V_{max}/K_{m}$ ratio for aromatic aldehyde and contained the highest activity with biogenic aldehyde such as DOPAL. From these results, it is suggested that brain low $K_m$ ALDH may play an important role in degradation of neurotransmitter-derived aromatic aldehydes, especially dopamine oxidation in the striatum. ALDH activity of mitochondrial fraction was slighltly high in the hypothalamus and hippocampus. Microsomal ALDH activity was lowest in all brain areas and a significant regional difference was not found. Although two $low-K_m$, isozymes, composed of cytosolic E1 and mitochondrial E2, and very weak high $K_m$ isozymes were identified by isoelectric focusing, their distribution pattern in various areas was not different.

조피볼락 (Sebastes schlegeli)의 성분화

이영돈,노섬,장영진,백혜자,안철민,LEE Young-Don,RHO Sum,CHANG Young-Jin,BAEK Hae-Ja,AN Cheul-Min 한국수산과학회 1996 한국수산과학회지 Vol.29 No.1

조피볼락 (S. schlegeli)의 성분화 과정을 구명하기 위해 시원생식세포의 출현과 원시생식소 형성, 그리고 암${\cdot}$수의 성분화 과정을 조직학적으로 조사하였다. 시원생식세포는 출산후 2일, 전장 6.3mm 개체에서 장관과 중신사이의 섬유성 간충직에 묻혀 식별되었다. 출산 65일 전장 $5.2\~5.9cm$ 개체에서, 생식소의 주변 부위에 강 (cavity)을 형성하고 다수의 생식원세포로 구성된 생식소는 난소로 발달한다. 이 시기에 체세포들이 곡정세관을 형성하는 생식소는 정소로 분화된다. 출산후 115일, 전장 $7.0\~7.2cm$ 치어들에서, 생식소는 흑색소를 함유하는 정소와 흑색소가 없는 난소로 구분된다. 따라서 조피볼락은 초기 성분화 단계에 자상을 거치지 않고 난소와 정소로 분화되는 분화형의 자웅이체에 속한다. 출산후 12개월된 개체들의 성비는 1 : 1이었다. Sex differentiation in the rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli, was studied by using a histological method for the appearance of primordial germ cell, formation of primitive gonad and differentiation of female and male. The primordial germ cells were buried under fibrous mesenchymal tissue between gut and mesonephric duct of pre-larva with a total length (TL) of 6.3 mm at 2 days after parturition. In juvenile of TL $5.2\~5.9cm$ at 65 days after parturition, the gonad composed of a large number of genial cell and formed of cavity along the lateral side of the gonad, differentiated to the ovary. At this time, the gonad formed seminiferous tubules by somatic cells, differentiated to the testis. In juvenile of TL $7.0\~7.2cm$ cm at 115 days after parturition, gonads divided into testis contained pigment cell and ovary absent pigment cell. S. schlegeli differentiated directly into male or female without an intermediate female phase at early indifferentiated stage. Therefore, S. schlegeli belongs to the differentiated type of gonochoristic teleosts. At 350 days after parturition, sex ratio was approximately 1 : 1(p>0.05).

갑상선 암에 있어서 경부림프절 절제술의 용어 및 분류에 관하여

이영돈,Young-Don Lee,M.D.,Ph.D. 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2012 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.12 No.2

The standard radical neck dissection, introduced at the turn of the 20th century, became the uniformly-accepted treatment of cervical metastatic disease through the 1960s. Functional or modified radical neck dissection was developed in the 1950s and 1960s. This procedure became the accepted treatment for suitable tumors by the 1970s. Now, the concept of selective neck dissection, removal of only the node levels likely to be involved with tumor, gained acceptance by the late 1980s as a definitive elective, and eventually, therapeutic neck dissection for suitable cases. In response to the increasing variations of neck dissection procedures, a number of classification systems were proposed and subsequently established. The system of the American Head and Neck Society and the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery was revised in 2002 and 2008. The neck dissections are grouped into four broad categories: radical, modified radical, selective, and extended neck dissection. The Japan Neck Dissection Study Group presented a new system for the classification of neck dissections based on a system of letters and symbols. The system permits a comprehensive and shorthand method of precise designation of neck dissection procedure, but has the disadvantage of departing radically from previously employed systems, by utilizing an entirely new terminology and designation of lymph node groups. In 2011, an international group proposed a classification which conveys precisely the extent of the lymphatic and non-lymphatic structures removed in a neck dissection. So they contended it is logical, simple, and easy to remember, and prevents possible confusion associated with the ambiguous terminology previously mentioned. And they also maintained it allows the recording of neck dissection procedures that cannot be classified under the existing systems. In 2012, the American Thyroid Association proposed the consensus of lateral neck dissection in DTC. They defined again that a selective neck dissection refers to removal of less than all five nodal levels directed by the patterns of lymphatic drainage from the primary tumor while preserving CN XI, IJV, and SCM. And they also insist that selective neck dissection is the most commonly-used neck dissection in the management of lateral neck metastasis for thyroid cancer, and should be reported with a designation of the side and nodal levels and sublevels dissected (i.e. selective neck dissection of levels IIa, III, IV, and Vb). But most classification systems have some limitations and disadvantages to describe the exact procedures of lymphatic and non-lymphatic structure resection. It is a necessary component of a new systemic classification and nomenclature system for neck dissection, not only because the method of describing operative procedures must be unified to allow comparisons of therapeutic methods, but also because of the need to customize therapies individually. A new neck dissection classification system in thyroid cancer has to overcome all these limitations and will facilitate communication around the world with reliable reporting and comparison of outcomes among different surgeons and institutions. (Korean J Endocrine Surg 2012;12: 2-86)

쥐 뇌에서의 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 의 분포에 관한 연구

이영돈,주충노 ( Young Don Lee,Chung No Joo ) 생화학분자생물학회 1993 BMB Reports Vol.26 No.8

This study was attempted to examine the ALDH activities using several aldehydes including synthetic biogenic aldehydes and the subcellular distribution in seven different areas of rat brain. The total ALDH activity with indole-3-acetaldehyde were higher than acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde in all areas. Taking V_(max)/K_m ratio as the index of affinity of substrate to the enzyme, affinities of low-Km ALDH for indole-3-acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde were stronger than those of high-Km ALDH. Especially striatum showed the lowest K_m value and the highest V_(max)/K_m raatio for aromatic aldehyde and contained the highest activity with biogenic aldehyde such as DOPAL. From these results, it is suggested that brain low K_m ALDH may play an important role in degradation of neurotransmitter-derived aromatic aldehydes, especially dopamine oxidation in the striatum. ALDH activity of mitochondrial fraction was slighltly high in the hypothalamus and hippocampus. Microsomal ALDH activity was lowest in all brain areas and a significant regional difference was not found. Although two low-K_m isozymes, composed of cytosolic E1 and mitochondrial E2, and very weak high K_m isozymes were identified by isoelectric focusing, their distribution pattern in various areas was not different.

Paenibacillus polymyxa (ATCC 842)에 대한 식물병원균5종의 길항능력 평가

이영돈 ( Young Don Lee ),이찬규 ( Chan Kyu Lee ),주진호 ( Jin Ho Joo ) 한국환경농학회 2016 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2016 No.-

많은 농가들은 현재 화학적 농약을 이용한 방제를 많이 이용하고 있다. 이러한 화학적 방제는 토양오염 및 수질오염 등 2차 오염을 유발시키고 있으며, 이러한 문제들로 인해 국가에서 농약의 사용량을 줄이고 있는 추세이다. 또한 Well-bing시대에 걸맞게 친환경 농업을 하려는 농가가 많이 생기고있다. 이러한 친환경농가들에게 가장 큰 문제점은 식물병원균의 피해이다. 본 연구는 이러한 식물병원균들의 피해를 막을 수 있는 최적의 균주선발 및 길항효과 평가에 있다. 실험에 이용된 병원균5종 (Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum, Fusarium Solani, Collectotrichum Gloeosporioides, Fusarium Oxysporum, Botrytis Cinerea)은 다음과 같으며 농가들이 평균적으로 가장 피해를 입는 지상부 및 지하부병을 상대로 실험을 진행하였다. 이러한 식물병원균 5종은 농촌진흥청 농업유전자원정보센터를 통해 입양하여 사용하였고, 실험에 사용한 균주는 토양에서 평판배지법을 이용하여 미생물을 분리하여 32종을 분리하였고, 이후 순수분리 과정을 통해 32개를 각각 순수분리 하였으며, 각각 분리된 32종의 균주를 상대로 식물병원균5종에 대하여 대치배양을 진행하였다. 대치배양결과 Paenibacillus polymyxa sp는 5종에 식물병원균에 대하여 우수한 길항능력을 보였다. 이 우수균주의 정보를 파악하기위해 16S rRNA염기서열을 비교분석하여 NCBI BLAST 프로그램을 이용하여 DNA를 분석 및 동정을 하였다. 그 결과 우수균주는 Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842로 99%일치하는 것으로 나왔다. 우수 길항 균주의 항균력 입증을 통해 농경지에 발생하는 식물병원균에 대하여 효율적인 관리방안 확보의 기초자료로 활용될 것이다.

3치 플립플롭을 설계하기 위한 3치 기본 논리게이트 설계

이영돈 ( Young-don Lee ),김종헌 ( Jong-hun Kim ) 한국고등직업교육학회 2001 한국고등직업교육학회논문집 Vol.2 No.4

In this thesis I propose the method to design the ternary logic gates and to design a ternary flip-flop in order to process the ternary data using these ternary logic gates. In this thesis, the proposed ternary basic logic gates, TINV, TNOR, TNAND are designed by using a voltage-mode CMOS technology and the ternary flip-flops of latch circuit, TDFF, TTFF, TJKFF are designed by using these logic gates. MIN operation, MAX operation, complement operation and clockwise cycle operation are used to design these logic gates. The circuits of these logic gates have the characteristics of operating in low voltage, 2.5V, low cost, high density and reducing of 1/AV in power dissipation and a number of transistors are reduced about two and only used one power supply, compared to Nagata's method and Shousha' method. These circuits have been simulated with the electrical parameters of a standard 0.25-micron CMOS technology and 2.5 volts supply voltage. Also, the proposed ternary flip-flops were presented by a new and an efficient circuit design methodology. Namely, with these logic gates, these gate-level flip-flops can be more easily implemented than the MOS-level using I2L or CMOS transistors.

체포 시 피의자 권리고지에 관한 법적 고찰

이영돈 ( Lee Young-don ) 한국외국어대학교 법학연구소 2012 외법논집 Vol.36 No.3

The Criminal Procedure Act in Korea states two measures for custody: arrest and detention. Arrest has been a representative custody system since it was introduced in Criminal Procedure Act in 1995. Although arrest is essential for further criminal investigation, it inevitably restricts suspects’physical freedom and their right to self defense at the same time. When arrested, suspects are sent to the police and undergo following investigative procedures such as identification, detention, and interrogation. Then there must exist profound legal basis related in order to protect the rights of arrested suspects properly. This study examined the notice of legal rights of suspects arrested. the Criminal Procedure Act in Korea states that arresting officers must inform the person they arrest of relevant suspected crime, the reason for the arrest, and the right to counsel when the arrest takes place. The purpose of the code is to guarantee suspects their right to self defense. However, according to the code, arresting officers are not required to inform the person arrested ‘that they have been arrested’. The problem is that neither the suspect nor the officer would recognize the procedural rights of the suspect under arrest. Therefore, the current article regarding the duty of notice should be amended to include the duty to inform that the person is arrested and the reasons for the arrest. In addition, the current code about the duty of notice does not include the duty of notifying the right to silence which is important to protect the suspect. As a result, the right to silence becomes useless at the stage of interrogation, if the suspect admits or confesses a crime after arrest, but before interrogation. Therefore, duty of notice should include the duty to inform the right to silence when the arrest takes place in order to guarantee the suspects’ right to defense.

제주 해양생물자원의 특성과 가치 : 자리돔, 놀래기류, 바리과어류, 양식광어의 번식특성과 이용을 중심으로

이영돈(Young-don Lee),이치훈(Chi-hoon Lee) 제주학회 2017 제주학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2017 No.2

This study examines the application of data on the ecological features of the reproduction of damselfish (Chromis notata), wrasses, groupers including red spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara), Dageumari (Niphon spinosus Cuvier (i.e. longtooth grouper (E. bruneus)), Gumunjaengi (i.e. seven-band grouper (E. septemfasciatus)), and cultured olive founder (Paralichthys olivaeus), all of which inhabit coastal areas of Jeju (the island off the southern tip of the Korean Peninsula). Damselfish caught in the seas off the coast of Jeju are classified as a summer-spawning species that begin to develop their gonads in May (with lengthening daytime hours and rising water temperatures) and mostly spawn in July. After the male creates the spawning ground, the female lay eggs in rocky or pebbled areas in order for the eggs to remain stationary. The male then releases its sperm over the immobile eggs for fertilization. The reproductive ecology of damselfish is remarkable in that the male guards the spawning ground until the fry finally hatch. Wrasses such as Pteragogus flagellifer, Halichoeres poecilopterus, and Halichoeres tenuispinis feature reproduction that takes place in the summer months much like that of damselfish. Another wrasse called Pseudolabrus sieboldin is an autumn-spawning species that breeds from October to November. Wrasses are known for their sexual characteristic of being protogynous hermaphrodites, which grows as females until their genital organs change into that of a male. Notably, the Pseudolabrus sieboldi has two different types of male: the initial phase male (originally born as male) and the terminal phase male (born as female and later changing into a male). Groupers are found in many areas across the globe, and feature 159 species in total. Of them, 12 species inhabit the Jeju Seas, including the longtooth grouper (E. bruneus), seven-band grouper (E. septemfasciatus), red spotted grouper (E. akaara), and blacktip grouper (E. fasciatus). Like wrasses, groupers are also protogynous hermaphrodites and spawn in the summer. In terms of maturation, after hatching they can become adults in three years at the earliest or in five to seven years at the latest. Naturally, mostly males experience sex reversal from being females. The adaptive features of maturation apply to the aquaculture of red spotted grouper, resulting in the all-year-round production of fertilized eggs and healthier fry that are exported to other countries. Cultured olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaeus) is one of the Jeju’s agri-fishery products that boasts world-class quality, taking up 50% of the national total yield. Jeju has seen a steady growth in the export of cultured olive flounder to Japan, the US, and many Southeast Asian countries. The recent production trend represents the preference of large-sized olive flounder weighing 2㎏. During production, however, most fish undergo the breeding period when they brood (or incubate) matured roe. Fish with decreased immunity and weight loss after brooding result in such problems as an increased mortality rate or diminished commercial value. Since olive founder’s ecological feature is such that they can easily adapt to new aquaculture conditions, this offers a solution to the afore-mentioned problems. A photoperiodic adjustment is adopted to create a time of diapause of developing gonads, which leads to no roe incubation and helps culture healthier fish.

아동학대범죄에 대한 경찰의 대응방안 고찰

이영돈(Lee, Young Don) 강원대학교 비교법학연구소 2016 江原法學 Vol.48 No.-

그간 아동학대는 아동훈육의 문제로 취급되어 소극적으로 대응하였다. 2011년 아동학대 사망사건이 연이어 발생하면서 『아동학대범죄의 처벌 등에 대한 특례법』의 제정 등 법제도적 개선대책을 마련하고 있으나, 아동학대 신고건수는 매년 증가하여 1만여 건을 크게 상회하고 있다. 아동학대범죄 신고시 1차적으로 현장출동하여 조사하는 경찰의 역할은 피해아동의 보호와 가해자의 재범예방 측면에서 중요하다. 먼저 경찰은 아동학대가 가정의 문제가 아니라 엄연한 범죄라는 인식의 개선과 함께 아동학대사건 대응의 전문성을 높여야 한다. 이를 위해서 전문대응팀의 신설과 112신고 대응체계를 개선하여야 한다. 아동학대사건은 가족관계 내에서 발생하기 때문에 피해아동은 학대 사실을 밝히기를 거부하거나 진술번복의 가능성이 높다. 또한 피해아동은 학대자로부터 상처받는 것을 두려워하고, 수치심과 죄책감으로 인하여 학대 사실을 이야기하는 것을 꺼려하는 특성이 있다. 따라서 피해아동의 특성에 따른 조사 및 면담기법의 개발과 교육이 요구된다. 『아동학대범죄의 처벌 등에 대한 특례법』상 사법경찰관리와 아동보호전문기관의 직원은 아동학대범죄 신고 현장에 출입하여 관계인에 대하여 조사를 할 수 있다. 피해아동의 보호 및 재범예방을 위해서는 경찰과 아동보호전문기관과의 동행출동, 정보공유 등 유기적인 협력체계를 확립하여야 한다. 마지막으로 아동학대는 경찰만의 문제도 아니고 경찰의 노력으로만 해결할 수 있는 문제가 아니기 때문에 지역사회의 단체, 기관 등과도 협력하여야 한다. Child abuse is any act, or failure to act, by a parent or other caregiver that results in actual or potential harm to a child. It includes all forms of physical abuse, sexual abuse, psychological abuse, or neglect, and can occur in a child"s home, or in the organizations, schools or communities the child interacts with. Preventing child abuse is considered a high priority, and detailed special laws and policies exist to address this issue.[ Child abuse has been viewed as a private family matter that need not involve the government or criminal justice. Police response to child abuse is very important to protect victims and prevent to commit a second offense. It is required that police department improve the special team to cope effectively with child abuse. The main function of police on the scene of domestic violence is to protect victims. So, the urgent temporary measures in child abuse Special Act be amended to grant police discretion more widely. Police should cooperate with child protection agency so that cases of child abuse can be investigated quickly and efficiently, ultimately reducing trauma to the child and garnering better convictions. Last, child abuse is not only the police problem but also can not be solved by only police efforts. Community combined participation and efforts including law enforcement, social services, and health care is absolutely needed to solve domestic violence.

탐사저널리즘의 속성의제설정

이영돈(Young-Don Lee),심재철(Jae-Chul Shim),노성종(Sungjong Roh) 한국언론학회 2009 한국언론학보 Vol.53 No.2