능이버섯 첨가가 우육의 물리화학적 및 관능적 특성에 미치는 영향

이승아(Seung-A Lee),송영선(Young-Sun Song),조정원(Jung-Won Cho),이종호(Jong-Ho Lee),조재선(Jae-Sun Cho) 한국식품영양과학회 2001 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.30 No.2

단백질 가수분해 효소가 함유되어 있는 능이버섯이 우육의 연화, 보수력 및 품질특성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 능이버섯 첨가량을 달리하여 조직학적 관찰, 수분함량, texture, 색도의 기계적인 측정과 관능적인 특성을 키위, 배를 첨가한 것과 비교하여 품질평가를 하였다. 투과전자현미경에 의한 미세구조 관찰 결과, 능이버섯(1,000 unit)을 25℃에서 10분간 처리했을 때 근원섬유 단백질이 분해되기 시작하였으며, 60분간 처리시 근절, a-band, Z-line 등을 전혀 구분할 수 없을 정도로 근원섬유의 분해현상이 현저하였다. 연육효과가 있는 능이버섯, 키위, 배를 우육에 첨가하였을 때 각 처리군의 수분함량은 첨가량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. Texture는 첨가량이 증가할수록 shear force는 감소하였으며 배를 첨가하는 것보다는 키위나 능이버섯을 첨가하는 것이 더 부드러운 조직감을 나타내었다. 색도에 있어서 L값은 능이버섯의 첨가량이 많아질수록 감소하였으나, 키위와 배의 첨가량이 많아질수록 증가하였으며 a값과 b값은 능이버섯, 배, 키위의 첨가량이 많아질수록 감소하였다. 관능검사 결과에서는 항목별로 유의적인 차이를 나타냈는데, 맛과 향미는 대조군을, 색은 배 10% 첨가군을 가장 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 다즙성은 키위 25% 첨가군이 가장 좋았고 능이버섯, 키위, 배의 첨가량이 많아질수록 증가하였다. 연화도는 능이버섯과 키위 첨가군이 배 첨가군에 비해 높았다. 기호도에서는 대조군, 능이버섯 0.05%, 0.1% 첨가군, 배 10% 첨가군이 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 보다 부드러운 조직감과 다즙성을 고려하면 능이버섯 0.05~0.1% 정도의 첨가가 바람직한 것으로 보인다. An instrumental analysis of cooked beef was carried out along with sensory evaluation to find out the effect of Sarcodon aspratus on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics in comparision with kiwi fruit and pear. Transmission electron microscopy showed the muscle fiber started to be degraded when treated with Sarcodon aspratus (1,000 unit) for 10 min at 25℃. No distinct sarcomere, A-band, and Z-line was observed when treated with Sarcodon aspratus for 60 min at same condition. The moisture content of cooked beef was increased in proportion to the increment of Sarcodon aspratus, kiwi fruit and pear. In the texture, shear force of cooked beef was decreased with the increment of Sarcodon aspratus, kiwi fruit and pear. In terms of color, L-value was decreased by addition of Sarcodon aspratus, whereas L-value was increased by addition of kiwi fruit and pear in dose-dependent manners. a-value and b-value was decreased with the increment of Sarcodon aspratus, kiwi fruit and pear. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in the sensory characteristics of the samples in which control was most preferred in taste and flavor. As the content of Sarcodon aspratus, kiwi fruit and pear was increased, the score of juiciness and tenderness was increased. In the overall acceptance, score of 0.05~0.1% Sarcodon aspratus and 10% pear was not different from that of control. Therefore, it can be concluded that 0.05~0.1% addition of Sarcodon aspratus might be desirable for the improvement of texture and juiciness of cooked beef.

대입 수요자의 대학입학전형 인식유형 연구

김수연 ( Kim Su-yhun ),김이지 ( Kim Yee-jee ),이승아 ( Lee Seung-a ),김은혜 ( Kim Eun-hye ) 경희대학교 입학전형연구센터 2018 입학전형연구 Vol.7 No.-

본 연구는 대입에 직면한 대입 수요자인 학생, 학부모, 교사의 대학입학전형에 대한 인식을 살펴보기 위해 수행되었다. 대입 수요자의 관점에서 인식하는 대입 전형에 대한 인식 차이를 이해함으로써 대학입학전형 개선 요구에 대한 이해를 심화하고 대입정책 방향성 모색에 기초 자료를 마련할 것으로 판단된다. 연구대상은 A대학교 입학설명회 및 박람회에 참여한 학생·학부모·교사로, 학생 372명, 학부모 234명, 교사 432명가 응답하였다, 대상별 차이를 살피기 위해 전형별, 고교유형별, 계열별 기술통계 분석 및 ANOVA(변량분석), 독립표본 T검증을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 학생 본인이나 자녀, 지도하는 학생이 전형유형에 따라 대학입시에서 합격가능성이 높으며, 유리하다고 인식하는 정도는 대입전형 준비 정도와 거의 같은 경향성을 보여주었다. 학생은 정시(수능)를, 교사는 수시(학생부종합)와 수시(학생부교과)를, 학부모는 수시(학생부종합), 정시(수능)를 준비하고 합격가능성이 높으며 유리하다고 인식하고 있었다. 교육의 미래를 위해 대학입학전형이 변화되어야 하는 바람직한 모습으로 대학입시를 위해 준비하고 있는 정도와 대학입시에서 합격가능성이 높은 전형의 확대에 동의했다. 그 이유로 학생과 학부모는 ‘공정한 전형 방법이므로’, 교사는 ‘고등학교 교육에 좋은 영향을 미쳐서’를 가장 크게 들었다. 대입수요자 간의 인식 차이를 고교유형별, 계열별로 나눠 살펴보았을 때, 대상의 특징과 당면한 여건에 의한 차이가 있었다. 고교유형에 따른 차이는 대체로 외고 국제고 자사고 대상자의 경우 정시(수능)를, 일반고는 수시(학생부종합)과 수시(학생부교과)를 더 준비·유리하다고 생각했다. 계열별로 인문계열은 자연/의학계열보다 수시(학생부종합)를, 자연 의학계열은 정시(수능)와 수시(논술)를 좀 더 준비하는 것으로 나타났다. 학생과 교사에서는 계열별 차이가 있었지만 학부모에서는 계열별 차이를 볼 수 없었다. 본 연구의 의의는 미래의 교육을 위한 방향성으로 모든 문제를 해결할 수 있는 방향성을 찾는 접근보다는 다양한 가치관과 입장들이 공존 할 수 있는 방향성을 고려해보는 데 있다. This study aims to investigate the differences in the perception of the college stakeholders such as students, parents, and teachers on university admission types. By understanding the differences in the perception of university admission types from the college stakeholders’ perspective, it deepens demands to improve university admission types and provide basic material to set the direction of college admission policy. The study conducted based on the responses of 372 students, 234 parents and 432 teachers who attended University A’s Introductory and Exhibition Events. As a result, there was a correlation between the admission types that students were preparing, and the one that they believe an admission type has an advantage. While students thought, it has the advantage to prepare for National Scholastic Aptitude Test(NSAT), teachers thought, it is better to prepare for Comprehensive School Records Screening(CSRS) and Intimate University Admission Factor System(IUAFS), and parents believed it is necessary to prepare for CSRS and NSAT. For the future of education, they all agreed that an individual must prepare and has an advantage towards the expansion of the changes of university admission types. Students and parents thought it should change to ‘fair admission types,’ and teachers believed that ‘it positively benefits high school education’. There were differences in the perception of college stakeholders as the research looks at the high school and academic department types. In terms of high school types difference, most people in foreign language school, international school, and private high school seemed to think that it has an advantage to prepare for NSAT, while people work in general high school thinks it is beneficial to prepare for CSRS, and IUAFS. According to the difference between the academic department types, humanities majors prefer CSRS in compared to natural science/medicine majors; while natural science/medicine majors prepare more towards NSAT, and Essay. Regarding academic department types, there was a difference between students and teachers, but there was no difference between the parents. Rather than finding possible solutions of to all of the questions that deal with navigation of future of education, it aims to consider different stance and values can coexist.

정성적 평가의 평가준거와 전공역량간의 관계 연구

김수연 ( Su Yhun Kim ),조희권 ( Hee Kwon Cho ),이승아 ( Seung A Lee ),박지선 ( Ji Seon Bak ) 경희대학교 입학전형연구센터 2014 입학전형연구 Vol.3 No.-

학년도 입시에 도입된 학생부종합전형은 입학사정관전형과 같이 정성적, 주관적 평가로 이루어진다. 입학사정관의 정성적 평가는 평가준거에 따라 이루어지며, 평가과정에서 지원자의 역량 평가는 전공의 특성과 관련된다. 평가준거와 전공특성간의 관계를 살피기 위한 연구문제는 첫째, 평가자가 평가하는 합격자의 특성과 합격생이 인식하는 합격자 특성의 차이가 있는가? 둘째, 재학생의 전공별 필요역량은 전공에 따라 차이가 나타나는가?이다. A대학의 인문/자연/의약계열의 10개 전공을 선정하여 평가자의 평가데이타와 재학생의 설문데이타를 비교 분석하였다. A대학 입학사정관전형 서류평가에 합격한 학생 309명을 평가한 평가자 3인의 자료를 분석하였으며, 현재 각 전공별재학생 300명을 대상으로 전공 역량에 대하여 조사하였다. 연구결과 평가자가 평가하는 특성과 합격자가 인식하는 특성 간에는 차이가 발견된다. 또한 입학사정관전형으로 합격한 합격자들이 그 외 전형으로 합격한 학생들 보다 평가준거에 해당하는 능력을 우수하게 인식한다. 각 전공별 재학생들이 인식하는 전공 필요역량에서는 전공별 특성을 발견할 수 있다. 선정된 11개의 역량 중에 국어국문학과는 ‘풍부한 독서활동 및 상식’이 정치외교학과는 ‘리더십’이 다른 전공과 차별 되어져 필요 역량으로 보여진다. 10개 전공영역 재학생이 인식하는 필요역량을 통해 전공역량의 특징을 살펴보았다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 함의점 및 제한점, 앞으로의 연구방향을 제언한다. In order to subjectively analyze the admission officer`s standards that vary according to the relevant majors, this research looks at two aspects. First subject is the difference between what the admission officer perceives as necessary qualities of a successful candidate against what the actual candidate believes. The second part studies whether the current student`s required competency varies according to the majors. The result of the research revealed the different ideas between the admission officers and the accepted candidates regarding the necessary qualities of a successful candidate. Also, candidates who were accepted under the Admission Officer System were better aware of the required qualities than candidates accepted under different programs. This research also showed that the current student`s understanding of required competencies varies according to their majors. Of the 11 competencies which were the subject of this analysis, “Substantial reading activities and literary knowledge” and “Leadership” stood out as core competencies for the Department of Korean Language and Literature and the Department of Political Science and Diplomacy, relatively. The core competencies of the 10 majors were based on what the current students recognized as required competencies. Finally, the implications, limits and further directions of this research are suggested.

지금 자신의 자리에 안주하고 있는 이들에게

이승아,Lee, Seung-A 한국대학교육협의회 1997 大學敎育 Vol.85 No.-

노인체육지도자의 직무환경이 감정노동과 직무만족에 미치는 영향

이승아(Lee, Seung-A),이성노(Lee, Sung-No) 한국체육과학회 2021 한국체육과학회지 Vol.30 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between emotional labor and job satisfaction according to career and job environment for elderly sports leaders. The subjects were 330 senior sports leaders in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Chungcheong regions, and a total of 303 copies were analyzed, excluding 27 unfaithful questionnaires. The job descriptive index (JDI) developed by Smith (1965) was used as a tool for measuring job environment and job satisfaction. The scale of emotional labor was appropriately supplemented and used for the elderly sports leaders based on the questionnaire used in Kwak Hyun-wook (2015)"s study. For data processing, frequency analysis, factor analysis, and reliability analysis were performed using SPSS 23.0. In addition, a one-way ANOVA was performed to determine the difference between emotional labor and job satisfaction according to career, and a multiple regression analysis was performed on the relationship between emotional labor and job satisfaction according to job environment. As a result, it was found that there was a significant effect on emotional labor (surface behavior and inner behavior) and job satisfaction (achievement, prospect, turnover, job aptitude) according to the career of the elderly sports instructor. In addition, it was found that the job environment of the elderly sports leader has an effect on emotional labor and job satisfaction. In the future, the recognition and system of the necessity for improving the job environment and emotional management of the elderly sports leaders are required.

비장문부를 침범한 원발성 후복막 점액성 낭선암

이승아(Seung A Lee),김기환(Kee Hwan Kim),김지일(Ji Il Kim),안창혁(Chang Hyeok An),김정수(Jeong Soo Kim),유승진(Seong Jin Yoo),임근우(Keun Woo Lim) 대한외과학회 2007 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.73 No.4

Primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenocarcinoma is a rare tumor, and it is similar to its ovarian counterpart, but it is without any evidence of ovarian, pancreatic or any other extra-retroperitoneal origin. The histogenesis of this neoplasm remains uncertain. Mucinous or colemic metaplasia of the retroperitoneal mesothelium has recently been proposed as its origin. A 39-year-old woman was diagnosed with a 13-㎝ cystic lesion in the left retroperitoneum; this was mucinous cystadenocarcinoma and no primary tumor was identified. We report here on a primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenocarcinoma that involved the splenic hilum, and we include a review of literature.

임부의 태아애착행위에 영향을 미치는 요인

이승아(Lee, Seung-A),이성희(Lee, Sung-Hee) 한국산학기술학회 2015 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.16 No.3

본 연구는 Mercer의 어머니되기 이론적 모델에서 제시한 태아애착행위의 영향 변수(임신스트레스, 자존감, 결혼적응 도, 자아통제감, 산전우울)를 고려하여 임부의 태아애착행위에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하기 위해 수행되었다. 산전검사를 위해 산부인과와 보건소에 방문한 임부 140명을 대상으로 2014년 8월 23일에서 11월 25일에 걸쳐 자가보고식 형태의 설문조 사를 하였다. 자료는 SPSS 20을 이용하여 평균과 표준편차, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson의 상관관계, 단계적 회귀분석을 통해 분석되었다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 태아애착행위는 30세 이하 임부에서 31세 이상 임부보다 유의하게 높았고(t=2.79, p=.004), 초임부에서 경임부보다 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다(F=3.27, p=.041). 태아애착행위는 임신스트레스(r=-0.22, p=.009)와 역상관관계를 보였고, 자존감(r=0.45, p<.001), 결혼적응도(r=0.42, p<.001), 자아통제감(r=0.24, p=.005)과는 정상관 관계를 나타냈다. 임부의 태아애착행위에 영향을 미치는 요인은 자존감, 결혼적응도, 나이로 밝혀졌으며, 전체 모형의 26.1% 를 설명하였다. 본 연구결과는 산전관리를 통해 임부의 자존감과 결혼적응도에 대한 이해 및 사정이 필요하고, 고령 임부의 태아애착행위 증진 중재의 개발 및 적용이 필요함을 시사한다. This study was conducted in order to identify factors influencing maternal-fetal attachment among pregnant women, considering the factors presented in Mercer's theory: Becoming a Mother(pregnancy stress, self-esteem, dyadic adjustment, sense of mastery, antepartum stress). The data was collected through structured questionnaires from 140 pregnant women who visited the obstetric clinic and public health centers in a metropolitan area to have prenatal tests from August 23th to November 25th 2014. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software using descriptive statistics, the t-test, ANOVA, the Pearson’s correlation coefficients and a stepwise multiple regression. The results were as follows: Maternal-fetal attachment in the group of pregnant women under 30 years of age was significantly higher than that in the group of over the age of 31(t=2.79,p=.004). Primiparas had higher maternal-fetal attachment than multiparas(F=3.27, p=.041). There was a negative correlation between pregnancy stress(r=-0.22, p=.009) and maternal-fetal attachment. Self-esteem (r=0.45, p<.001), dyadic adjustment(r=0.42, p<.001), sense of mastery(r=0.24, p=.005) and maternal-fetal attachment were, however, positively correlated. It was found that self-esteem, dyadic adjustment and age were some of the factors influencing maternal-fetal attachment among pregnant women. These variables explained 26.1% of the variance in maternal-fetal attachment. Findings of this study indicate needs for comprehension and assessment of self-esteem and dyadic adjustment in pregnant women through prenatal tests. Also, the intervention programs to improve maternal-fetal attachment among older mothers should be developed and implemented.

중화인민공화국 건국 전후 식량 유통의 변화 ― 화베이 지역의 양곡 시장과 ‘牙行’의 변천을 중심으로 ―

李昇娥(Lee Seung-a) 동양사학회 2021 東洋史學硏究 Vol.157 No.-

The purpose of this article is to show the transition process from grain market trading brokered by ‘Ya Hang’ (牙行, Brokerage service company) to state procurement and distribution system by state-owned company and cooperative (合作社) before and after the founding of the PRC. Before the founding, grain and other agricultural products were traded in market through an intermediary, ‘Ya Hang’, that had networks between rural production areas and major markets. ‘Ya Hang’ not only mediated between merchants but also managed wholesale distribution. This study focuses on the fact that roles of ‘Ya Hang’ in market trading and their business was virtually defunct before ‘Socialist Transformation’ of market in 1953, tracking specific changes in the market and ‘Ya Hang’ from the Sino-Japanese War. It also explain how the communist party successfully transformed traditional market structures in 1953. This study examines the changes of grain trading in North China, Huabei, as a representative area in terms of implementing economic policy of the Communist Party; The North China people"s government actively reflected the ‘New Democracy’ policy of the Central Committee of CCP in economic policy, and all its organizations including the Huabei Trading Company (華北貿易公司) became new central government organization and a central state-owned company. Moreover, Tianjin, a representative grain market and distribution hub in North China, had been a core logistical base for Japan, the Kuomintang, and the Chinese Communist Party after the Sino-Japanese War. Therefore, changes of ‘Ya Hang’ in North China can sucseefully explain the transition process of market trading from the Sino-Japanese War to the establishment of PRC. This explanation suggests new significance of the ‘New Democracy’ policy in Chinese ‘Socialist Transformation’, often overlooked in the past. During the ‘New Democracy’ period, organization of the state-owned company was expanding in agricultural production areas and wholesale and retail markets, markets restructuring had already begun, and commercial activities based on market logic were limited for ‘Socialist Transformation’.

노인여성의 심폐체력이 일상생활체력에 미치는 영향

이승아(Lee, Seung-A),이성노(Lee, Seong-No) 한국체육과학회 2021 한국체육과학회지 Vol.30 No.6

The purpose of this study was to examine the cross-sectional changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and daily living fitness according to the aging of elderly women and the effect of cardiorespiratory fitness on daily living fitness. The subjects were 67 elderly women (72.4±5.4 yrs), 65-69 years group (66.3±1.4 yrs, n=23), 70-74 years group (72.7±1.2 yrs, n=20), 75-79 years group (75.9±0.8 yrs, n=14) and over 80 years group (81.5±2.3 yrs, n=10). To measure cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise load test was performed to calculate ˙VO2peak. For daily living fitness, 10 items related to primary activities such as giggling and housework and secondary activities such as mobility, social activities and health promotion activities were selected. As a result, the cardiorespiratory fitness and daily living fitness factors tended to decrease with age. In particular, it was more pronounced in the group over 80 years group. The relationship between ˙VO2peak and daily living fitness showed a significant correlation in all items except agility and dynamic equilibrium. In conclusion, elderly people whose cardiorespiratory fitness deteriorates with increasing age can have a negative effect on daily living fitness, and the importance of physical activity to improve or maintain daily living fitness regardless of age is considered.

기업환경요인이 협력활동에 미치는 영향에 관한 실증연구

이승아(Seung A Lee) 한국콘텐츠학회 2018 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.18 No.1

본 연구는 기업 외부와 내부 환경요소들이 외부주체와의 협력 추진에 미치는 영향을 기업의 해외직접투자로서의 해외생산법인의 유무에 따른 차이와 함께 규명하고자 한다. 본 연구는 지금까지 협력(제휴)과 관련하여 그 결정요인에 대한 연구는 다양하게 분석이 이루어 졌으나, 해외직접투자의 유무에 따라 외부와 내부환경요소로 나뉘어 복합적 분석을 한 연구는 거의 찾아보기 어렵기 때문에 이를 규명하고자 하였다. 분석 결과로는 해외직접투자를 한 기업은 내부요인 중 설비투자의 효율, 가격경쟁력, 3년간 투자실적이 각각 유효한 제휴의 동기로 나타났고, 해외직접투자를 하지 않은 기업은 외부요인인 비용구조의 불확실성, 내부요인인 가격경쟁력, 투자실적이 유효한 결과로 나타났다. 결국, 본 연구에서는 해외직접투자를 한 기업과 해외직접투자를 하지 않는 기업은 모두 내부역량인 가격경쟁력과 3년간의 투자실적이 중요한 협력의 동기가 된다는 것과, 해외투자를 한 기업과 해외투자를 하지 않는 기업의 차이는 해외직접투자를 한 기업은 내부요인에서 설비투자의 효율이, 해외직접투자를 하지 않는 기업은 외부요인 중 비용구조의 불확실성이 각각 주요한 환경요인이 된다는 것을 규명하였다. 종합하여 보면, 본 연구의 시사점은 기업의 내부역량은 협력의 중요한 동기가 된다는 동시에 내부역량 강화는 또한 기업이 다른 기업과의 협력의 기회를 넓혀준다는 것이다. This study attempts to identify the external and internal factors which affect collaboration motives and investigates their respective impacts from the perspective of foreign direct investment(FDI). Although there has been much research on collaboration motives, so far, few studies have associated collaboration motives with FDI. The findings suggest that while price competitiveness and cost structure uncertainty have a positive and significant impact on collaboration motives, the gross added value to property as well as plant and equipment have a significant negative impact. Furthermore, in the case of gross added value to both property and plant and equipment, managers tend to collaborate with others to enhance the value of these factors. For both FDI and non-FDI firms, internal factors such as price competitiveness and investment within three years are significant determinants for the decision to collaborate. The difference between FDI and non-FDI firms is that for the former, the gross added value to property, an internal factor, is a critical factor, while for the latter, the cost structure uncertainty, an external factor, is critical for collaboration. To summarize, this study suggests the following managerial implication: the enhancement of the internal competency of a firm broadens the window of opportunity for collaboration with others, and consequently provides a chance to boost management efficiency.