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이설,이영우,곽다희,이진연,한상범,손정인,박경원 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.43 No.-
We report the porous transition metal–nitrogen doped carbon nanostructures as cathode catalysts usinga well-stacked arrangement of template materials in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone as nitrogenand carbon sources and metal phthalocyanine as metal and nitrogen sources. The as-preparednanostructures show high specific surface areas (105.73–228.13 m2 g 1), porous structure, and dopedmetal and nitrogen species (pyridinic-N, pyrrolic-N, and graphitic-N) into carbon structures. In particular,the porous Fe–N-doped carbon nanostructure exhibits excellent ORR electrocatalytic properties inalkaline electrolyte; i.e., electron transfer number close to 4, high half-wave potential (0.81 V), improvedelectrochemical stability (a slight decrease of31 mV in the half-wave potential after the stability test),and methanol tolerance.
이설 한국동북아학회 2012 한국동북아논총 Vol.17 No.4
On the basis of the analysis, it is recently confirmed that economic exchanges and cooperation between China and North Korea will be strengthened. It can be summarized in the following. First, North Korea's economic dependence on China may increase in the future. Particularly, after the United States, Japan, and Korea's sanctions against North Korea due to the North Korea’s policy failures like nuclear test, North Korea's economic dependence on China has been increasing even more. Second, One of the reasons for increase in North Korea’s reliance on China is due to its reduced economic exchanges with United States, Japan and South Korea. In other words, the triple alliance among South Korea, Japan and USA has imposed trade sanctions against North Korea, and North Korea has to no other choice except relying on China heavily. Therefore North Korea’s increasing reliance on China is not due to China’s unilateral economic exchanges and supports. When two Koreas exchanged and cooperated very actively in the past, North Korea was not as economically dependent on China as now. Third, some of China's increased exports such as energy and food to North Korea are not enough to cover shortages of North Korea that are caused by the reductions of foreign economic exchanges. Also, an amount of increase in the Chinese food export to North Korea is only part of the absolute needs in North Korea. The supply of oil and energy by China is found to be constant level for the long time. Thus China's economic supports and exchanges with North Korea is not enough to support lack of internal supply reductions in North Korea. Fourth, the regional cooperation in the border area along the Aprok(Yalu) and Tumen rivers between China and North Korea is being made in various aspects. China, along the border with North Korea, is equipped with infrastructure facilities like railways, highways, and bridges. North Korea also actively develops and implements policies to cope with the development of north east regions of China and to engage economic cooperation with China. It is analyzed that North Korea is actively responding to the Development plans of China’s north east province. 本文旨在回顾中国对朝鲜的交流程度,分析朝鲜对中国经济依赖的水平和具体原因。此外,本文将对日本,韩国和美国的经济制裁的效力,以及经济制裁是否是解决朝鲜解决核问题的妥当方法进行评析。根据研究可以概括为以下几点:首先,朝鲜和中国的经济交流可能会继续增加。特别是核试验后美国,日本和韩国对朝鲜的制裁使朝鲜经济对中国更加依赖。朝鲜也面临着韩美同盟,只要韩美同盟一直稳固,朝鲜和中国的经济交流就会变得更强。第二,朝鲜减少对外经济交流导致能源和食品短缺,但中国对其增加的出口量并不能完全填补这个缺口,其中食品的增加量只是朝鲜绝对需求的一部分。中国对其石油和能源的供应在很长一段时间维持在同一水平。因此,中国对朝鲜的经济支持并不足以满足朝鲜内部供应的短缺。第三,在沿鸭绿江边境地区,中朝在图们江区域合作方面取得了进展。在中朝边境,中国配备了基础设施,如铁路,高速公路,桥梁等。为了确保东北地区通往朝鲜东海岸港口运输路线的畅通,中方正在建设一批重要的项目。朝鲜也在积极地开发和实施政策,以应对东北地区的发展,与中国开展经济合作。据分析,朝鲜正在积极响应中国东北省份的发展计划。
Frontier Orbitals of Fifteen C20H17(OH)3 Regioisomers: Hybrid DFT B3LYP Study
이설,이지영,이기학 대한화학회 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.8
The hybrid density-functional (B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)) method was used to analyze the substitution effect on the C20H20 cage based on calculation of the frontier orbitals of fifteen C20H17(OH)3 derivatives. All substitution products were geometrically optimized without constraints and confirmed by frequency analysis. The results suggest that the cis-1 cis-1 cis-2 regioisomer is the most stable isomer, which implies that hydrogen bonding exerts a stronger effect on the relative energies of the trihydroxide than long-range interactions. Thus, this supports the experimental result in which the bisvicinal tetrol was of particular preparative-synthetic interest. While the LUMO of each of the C20H17(OH)3 regioisomers was equivalently delocalized over the void within the cage, the HOMO was limitedly delocalized on substituents and carbons in close proximity to the substituents. The characteristics of the HOMO of each of the regioisomers vary based on the substitution sites. This indicates that the 15 regioisomers of each C20H20 trisubstituted derivative might undergo an entirely different set of characteristic chemical reactions with electrophilic reagents. The results further suggest that the penta-substituted OH groups on the surface of the fullerene cage are more likely to be localized on a pentagon than to be homogeneously delocalized.
李雪威(Li Xue-Wei) 조선대학교 지식경영연구원 2006 지역개발연구 Vol.11 No.1
After the ending of the cold war. the globalization of world economy and multi-polarization of international politics eased off international tension But Korean Peninsula is still "the living fossil" of cold war and the hot spots of the world. After the cold war, the multi-polarization of the world and the good relationship among the great powers reduced the regional contradiction in solving Korean Peninsula's problems, and promote the autonomy of Korean Peninsula in recent year, with the development of its economy, promotion of its international status, maturity of its national democratic politics, and upsurging of its national self-esteem and self-confidence. South Korea's autonomy of solving the problems in international affairs promoted greatly, and it demanded its leading role in solving Korean Peninsula's problems. So South Korea will strengthen politics dialogue and economy cooperation with North Korea and establish cooperation with North-East Asia countries.