자궁근종 환자에서 Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone(GnRH) 유사체 투여 후 자궁근종 세포 증식에 관한 연구

이병석,이보연,박기현,조동제,이국,송찬호,김호근,Lee, Byung-Seok,Lee, Bo-Yeon,Park, Ki-Hyun,Cho, Dong-Jae,Lee, Kook,Song, Chan-Ho,Kim, Ho-Keun 대한생식의학회 1992 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.19 No.2

The factors involved in the initial neoplastic transformation and subsquent growth of uterine fibroid are poorly understood. The reduction in uterine fibroid volume associated with the chronic administration of the mechanisms mediating the decrease in fibroid volume in GnRH-a treated patients are poorly defined. The purpose of this study was to determine the proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) in fibroid from-women pretreated with GnRH analogue(GnRH-a) compared with controls. Tissue was obtained from 16 premenopausal women with uterine fibroid who received GnRH-a(D-Trp6-GnRH) intramusculary every 28 days for four injections. The mean proliferating index(PI) in patients with uterine fibroids was $2.25{\pm}0.9$, and in controls was $8.82{\pm}1.8$(P<0.001). The proliferating index was not corrleated with the reduction of fibroid volume. In this clinical study, although hypoestrogenism may be the main factor that reduce the volume of fibroid, other factors are also considered to be involved in that process. And the regrowth of uterine fibroid may be affected by increased production of PCNA after stopping GnRH-a.

음식물 퇴비와 돈분퇴비의 혼합 시용에 따른 고추의 생육과 수량에 미치는 영향

이병석,장기운,홍성길,이종은,권혁영,Lee, Byung-Seok,Chang, Ki-Woon,Hong, Sung-Gil,Lee, Jong-Eun,Kwon, Hyuk-Young 유기성자원학회 2003 유기물자원화 Vol.11 No.1

본 연구는 음식물찌꺼기의 재활용 방법의 일환으로 음식물 퇴비와 돈분 퇴비를 혼합, 고추 작물에 적용하여 생육 및 품질면에서 합리적인 시용량을 검증하고 토양 이화학적 특성변화 및 고추 생육과 수량에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 실시하였다. 퇴비의 처리는 관행구(2ton/10a의 돈분 퇴비)와 음식물 퇴비 및 돈분 퇴비의 혼합구인 0.5t:1.5t, 1.0t:1.0t, 1.5t:0.5t, 2.0t:0ton/10a의 4개 처리구등 총 5개 처리구를 난괴법 3반복으로 수행하였다. 돈분 퇴비와 음식물 퇴비의 이화학적 특성을 분석한 결과 음식물 퇴비는 유기물이 기준량에 2배정도 높았으며, NaCl은 공정규격인 1%를 약 2.5배정도 초과하였다. 음식물 퇴비의 시용량 증가에 따라 토양 pH는 처리구별 특별한 변화는 없었으며, EC는 전체적으로 증가하였다. 생육기간 중 대조구와 음식물 퇴비의 처리구간 생육차이가 약간 나타났으며, 그로 인해 고추의 수량에 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다. 음식물 퇴비 처리구에서 1ton/10a이상 일 때 시용량이 증가할수록 수확량 및 고추 개수에 있어서 감소 경향을 보였지만 수량 차이는 크지 않았다. 또한 capsaicin 함량에서도 음식물 퇴비 처리구간에 큰 차이는 보이지 않았다. 음식물 퇴비의 시용량에 따라 고추에 흡수되는 양분 흡수량은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론적으로 음식물 퇴비를 시용한 고추 재배 시험에서 토양의 유기물 함량 증가, 물리성 개량, 토양 pH 완충력 증대 등의 효과를 보였다. 그러나 음식물 퇴비를 50%이상 돈분 퇴비와 혼합 시용시 고추의 수량이나 품질의 저하 및 토양의 염류집적의 우려가 나타났으나, 50%이하로 혼합 시용시 큰 무리는 없었다. 현재 적정 혼합비율을 구명하기 위한 연구가 진행중이다.

파워 클램프용 높은 홀딩전압을 갖는 사이리스터 기반 새로운 구조의 ESD 보호회로

이병석,김종민,변중혁,박원석,구용서,Lee, Byung-Seok,Kim, Jong-Min,Byeon, Joong-Hyeok,Park, Won-Suk,Koo, Yong-Seo 한국전기전자학회 2013 전기전자학회논문지 Vol.17 No.2

본 논문에서는 파워클램프용 높은 홀딩 전압을 갖는 사이리스터(SCR: Silicon Controlled Rectifier)구조에 기반한 새로운 구조의 ESD 보호회로를 제안하였다. 제안된 보호회로는 기존의 SCR 구조의 p-well과 n-well에 floating p+, n+를 삽입하여 홀딩 전압을 증가 시켰다. 제안된 보호회로는 높은 홀딩전압 특성으로 높은 래치업 면역성을 갖는다. 본 연구에서 제안된 보호회로의 전기적 특성 및 ESD 감내특성을 확인하기 위해 Synopsys사의 TCAD Tool을 이용하여 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 제안된 보호회로는 기존 SCR 기반 ESD 보호회로보다 약 4.98 V의 높은 홀딩전압과 추가적인 floating 영역의 사이즈 변화로 최대 13.26 V의 홀딩전압을 갖는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 기존 SCR 기반 보호회로와 동일한 수준의 감내특성을 갖는 것으로 확인되었다. In this paper, we proposed the novel SCR-based ESD protection circuit with high holding voltage for power clamp. In order to increase the holding voltage, the floating p+ and n+ to n-well and p-well, respectively, in the conventional SCR. The resulting increase of the holding voltage of the our proposed ESD circuit enables the high latch-up immunity. The electrical characteristics including ESD robustness of the proposed ESD circuit have been simulated using Synopsys TCAD simulator. According to the simulation result, the proposed device has higher holding voltage of 4.98 V than that of the conventional SCR protection circuit. Moreover, it is confirmed that the device could have the holding voltage of maximum 13.26 V with the size variation of floated diffusion area.

자궁근종에서 타목시펜의 수용체를 통한 기전

이병석,차동현,정경아,이희대,박기현,조동제,송찬호,Lee, Byung-Seok,Cha, Dong-Hyun,Jung, Kyung-Ah,Lee, Hye-Dae,Park, Ki-Hyun,Cho, Dong-Jae,Song, Chan-Ho 대한생식의학회 2002 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.29 No.4

Objectives: To investigate the distribution of $ER{\alpha}$, $ER{\beta}$, c-fos and c-jun in the uterine myoma and myometrium in oder to know how the tamoxifen cause the growth of myoma. Methods: Myoma and myometrial tissue were obtained from the postmenopausal women treated with tamoxifen in the patients with breast cancer and in the premenopausal patients, who were undergoing myoma of uterus from 1998 through 2000. The espression of each gene was quantitated with quantitative RT-PCR. Results: The expression of $ER{\alpha}$ was slightly increased in the myoma than the myometrium in the proliferative phase, and was slightly decreased in the myometrium than the myoma in the secretory phase. However it was not significant statistically. In the postmemopausal women treated with tamoxifen, $ER{\alpha}$ was expressed in all myoma and myome1rial tissues and the expression was not statistically significant. The expression ofER~ was slightly increased in the myome1rium than the leiomyoma in the proliferative and secretory phase, but it was not significant statistically. In the postmemopausal women treated with tamoxifen, the expression of ER~ was significantly incresed in the myome1rium than the leiomyoma. The expression of c-fos was significantly increased in the myome1rium than the leiomyoma in the proliferative and secretory phase. In the postmemopausal women treated with tamoxifen, the expression of c-fos was slightly increased in the leiomyoma than the myomelrium, however, it was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Tamoxifen may cause the growth of leiomyoma by $ER{\alpha}$ with AP-l pathway reducing the counteraction of 6$ER{\beta}$ to $ER{\alpha}$.

비진공법 CuInSe<SUB>2</SUB> 태양전지에서 MoSe<SUB>2</SUB>의 생성을 억제하기 위한 산화몰리브데늄 확산장벽 층

이병석(Byung-Seok Lee),이도권(Doh-Kwon Lee) 한국태양광발전학회 2015 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.3 No.3

Two-step processes for preparing Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorber layers consist of precursor layer formation and subsequent annealing in a Se-containing atmosphere. Among the various deposition methods for precursor layer, the nonvacuum (wet) processes have been spotlighted as alternatives to vacuum-based methods due to their potential to realize low-cost, scalable PV devices. However, due to its porous nature, the precursor layer deposited on Mo substrate by nonvacuum methods often suffers from thick MoSe2 formation during selenization under a high Se vapor pressure. On the contrary, selenization under a low Se pressure to avoid MoSe2 formation typically leads to low crystal quality of absorber films. Although TiN has been reported as a diffusion barrier against Se1), the additional sputtering to deposit TiN layer may induce the complexity of fabrication process and nullify the advantages of nonvacuum deposition of absorber film. In this work, Mo oxide layers via thermal oxidation of Mo substrate have been explored as an alternative diffusion barrier. The morphology and phase evolution was examined as a function of oxidation temperature. The resulting Mo/Mo oxides double layers were employed as a back contact electrode for CuInSe2 solar cells and were found to effectively suppress the formation of MoSe2 layer.

복강경 담낭절제술 후 진단된 T2 담낭암 환자에서 근치적 재절제술

이병석(Byung Seok Lee),김동희(Dong Hee Kim),장연수(Yeon Soo Chang),강재희(Jae Hee Kang),이태석(Tae Seok Lee),한준길(Jun Gil Han) 대한외과학회 2010 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.78 No.6

Purpose: Despite advances in imaging techniques, laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) gives many advantages to some patients with suspected gallbladder cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate clinicopathological features and to analyze the risk factors of recurrence after radical reresection for T2 gallbladder cancer patients diagnosed following LC. Methods: From January 2002 to December 2009, the data of 21 consecutive patients for radical reresection for T2 gallbladder cancer were reviewed, retrospectively. The significance of the variables for recurrence was examined by the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test followed by multivariate analyses using Cox’s proportional hazard model. Results: Of the 21 patients studied, 11 were men and 10 were women. Lymph node metastasis was present in 7 patients (33.4%). The 5-year survival rate and disease-free survival rate in those patients were 75.3% and 67.9%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, the male gender (P=0.0047), poorly differentiated tumor (P=0.0169), presence of lymph node metastasis (P=0.0012), presence of lymphovascular invasion (P=0.0259) and presence of perineural invasion (P=0.0096) were significant factors related to recurrence after radical reresection. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of lymph node metastasis was an independently significant factor (5-year disease free survival rate, 20.9% vs. 83.8% in the absence of lymph node metastasis; P=0.015). Conclusion: For patients with T2 gallbladder carcinoma diagnosed following LC, radical reresection is highly recommended and the presence of lymph node metastasis is an unfavorable prognostic factor that calls for additional treatment after radical surgery.

2009년 유럽간학회 하이라이트 : C형간염 관련 분야(치료 제외)

이병석 ( Byung Seok Lee ) 대한간학회 2009 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.15 No.2

인지-정의 통합적 영재 교수방법의 현장 적용에 관한 연구

이병석(Lee Byung Seok) 한국영재교육학회 2004 영재와 영재교육 Vol.3 No.2

  It is agreed the gifted children are very curious, creative, attentive and have outstanding ability of language in terms of cognitive ability. Emotionally they are very passionate, sensitive, high self-esteem, strong self-control. But if these emotional characteristics negatively operates, they may cause psychologically internal conflict such as emotional vulnerability to the gifted.<BR>  Therefore, to prevent this emotional conflict in the process of teaching the gifted, careful caution should be given. One of the teaching methods for this is to use , cognitive-affective integrated teaching method". In this teaching method cognitive emotion and cognitive interest are regarded as very important factors.<BR>  When the gifted are taught cognitive domain subjects considering cognitive interest and cognitive emotion, teaching can be achieved more effectively. This thesis intends to suggest this method as an alternative where the gifted can learn with less psychological strain.<BR>  The aim of this thesis is to introduce the rationale of the cognitive-affective integrated teaching method and the implication of this method.   이 논문에서는 인지적, 정의적 통합적인 교수방법의 이론을 살펴보고 이 통합적 교수방법 들이 우리 교육현장에 어떻게 적용될 수 있으며, 그 시사점은 무엇인지에 대해 살펴보았다.<BR>  선행연구를 바탕으로 인지-정의 통합이론에 근거한 구체적인 교수방법을 제안해 보았다. 첫째, 각성 수준을 최적화 할 수 있는 적절한 난이도의 교과내용을 제공하여 인지적, 정의적 흥미를 지속적으로 유지할 수 있도록 수업을 실시한다. 둘째, 실생활에서 적용할 수 있는 교과내용을 제공한다. 셋째, 영재아들로 지식이 발생하는 다양한 상황을 접하게 한다. 영재아들 을 다른 시간대에, 다른 맥락에서, 다른 목적으로, 다른 역할을 통해 한 개념을 가르쳐 전이 가능한 지식을 가르쳐서 인지적 융통성을 향상시킨다. 넷째, 영재아 스스로 학습내용이나 학습방법을 선택할 수 있는 기회를 부여한다. 마지막으로, 영재교수방법을 설계할 때는 인지적 인 측면과 정의적인 측면이 동시에 고려되어야 한다.

論文(논문) : 항공기의 횡방향 접근 제어를 위한 축소차수 상태관측기 설계

이병석 ( Byung Seok Lee ),허문범 ( Moon Beom Heo ),남기욱 ( Gi Wook Nam ),박형택 ( Hyeong Taek Park ) 한국항공운항학회 2012 한국항공운항학회지 Vol.20 No.2

The availability of the GPS signal has been expanded greatly in the field of society overall through the development and construction of the GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System). Furthermore, in the military, aviation and field of space, the GPS signal is applied widely through the combination of INS consisting of gyroscope and accelerometer, IMU, AHRS with the addition of magnetic sensor. Particularly, the performance of these equipments or sensors is very important with GPS and PAR(Precision Approach Radar) in the flight control of the aircraft. This paper deals with MATLAB simulation and ROLSO(Reduced Order Luenberger State Observer) design to reduce the load of system and realize the stable lateral direction approach control in an appropriate time for reduction of the horizontal error which is importantly considered while an aircraft lands instead of the FOLSO(Full Order Luenberger State Observer) using all measurement values. Consequently, ROLSO is expected to be used for the aircraft`s attitude control in the aircraft landing causing the burden to the pilots.

2009년 미국간학회 하이라이트 : 간암 관련 분야 (치료 제외)

이병석 ( Byung Seok Lee ) 대한간학회 2009 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.15 No.4