구기자의 항우울효과 및 indoleamine에 미치는 영향

이덕기,곽동걸,박선동,Lee Duk-Ki,Gwak Dong-Gul,Park Sun-Dong 대한한의학방제학회 2003 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.11 No.2

Depression is very common mental disorder, so many people suffer from it, which makes the treatment of depression important. Many drugs to treat depression were developed and being prescripted. But they have a lot of side effects, so it needs to develop drugs without side effects or with less side effects. Herbal medicines have been used to treat not only physical disorder but also mental disorder and it has been reported that they have less side effects. Therefore, there is the need to discover and use herbal medicine with antidepressant effect. The purpose of this study was to reseach Antidepressant effect of Licium chinense Mill. and its influence on serotonin and its metabolite of depression model rats. We used 'forced swimming test(FST)' to know antidepressant effect of Licium chinense Mill. and HPLC to check the influence on serotonin and its metabolite(5-HIAA) of Licium chinense Mill. after rats' brains were divided into cerebral cortex, striatum, hypothalamus and hippocampus. The results were obtained as follows : In the study of antidepressant effect by 'forced swimming test(FST)' method, Licium chinense Mill. had a significant antidepressant effect. In the study of influence on serotonin and 5-HIAA by HPLC, Licium chinense Mill. mainly increased serotonin and 5-HlAA of cerebral cortex and striatum signigficantly among 4 parts of rat's brain above-mentioned. These results suggest that Licium chinense Mill. has antidepressant effect that may be related with the increase of serotonin and its metabolite as its mechanism, but more precise experiments will be need to prove their relation.

알코올 의존 환자에서의 한국어판 알코올의존 척도의 신뢰도와 타당도 연구

이덕기(Duk-Ki Lee):신진규(Jin-Kyu Shin):윤세민(Se-Min Yun),변원탄(Won-Tan Byun) 한국중독정신의학회 2000 중독정신의학 Vol.4 No.1

For the purpose of testing the utility of the Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS) in Korea, the authors evaluated the reliability and validity of a Korean version of the ADS in 180 Korean alcoholic inpatients. The results were as follows: 1) The means of ADS was 16.94±8.23 and the scores of the ADS in 180 subjects conformed quite closely to a normal distribution. 2) The test-retest reliability for the ADS showed significant reliability. 3) The internal consistency analysis of the ADS showed significant reliability. 4) The item-analysis for each of the 25 items revealed a moderate correlation to the total score for the majority of the items. 5) In the correlation analysis for the test of concurrent validity, ADS scores had significant negative correlation with the age of first admission due to drinking and positive correlation with drinking amount and frequency, alcohol-induced sequelae and 6 secondary scales of AUI (such as drinking benefits, ob-ssessive drinking, direct complication, indirect complication, anxiety about drinking, insight). 6) The ANOVA analysis among 3 groups according to the severity of ADS scores revealed statistically significant differences in drinking frequency and alcoholinduced sequelae among the 3 groups and in drinking amount between mild group and moderate and severe groups. Based on these results, Korean version of the Alcohol Dependence Scale showed reasonable reliability and validity, and it may be useful in the evaluation of alcoholic patients.

알코올 의존 환자에서의 알코올사용검사(Alcohol Use Inventory)의 신뢰도와 타당도 연구

이덕기(Duk-Ki Lee),이경한(Kyung-Han Lee),김시근(Si-Keyn Kim),김종철(Jong-Chul Kim),조진석(Jin-Seok Cho),변원탄(Won-Tan Byun) 한국중독정신의학회 1998 중독정신의학 Vol.2 No.2

Objectives:This study was performed to evaluate the reliability and Validity of Korean version of Alcohol Use Inventory for the comprehensive assessment of alcohol dependence. Subjects and Methods:Subjects served for the study were 119 Korean alcoholic patients from 3 mental hospitals and 2 general hospitals. Their alcohol history and demographic data were taken and they were asked to fill up questionnaires of Korean version of Alcohol Use Inventory, MAST, ADS, MMPI and SCL-90-R. Results:In summary, the results of this study were as follows:1) Among the scales, the means of MENT ALIM, GREGARUS, HELPBEFR and ENHANCED scales were relatively high. On the other hand the means of GRE GARUS, AWARENES and RECPAWAR scales were relatively low. 2) In the internal consistency analysis, all the AUI scales except QUANTITY showed significant reliability. 3) In the correlation analysis for the test of concurrent validity, the scales associated with ‘motivation of drinking’ and ‘concerns about drinking’ were significantly correlated with the MAST and the ADS. 4) In the correlation with the MMPI and the SCL-90-R, most scales of AUI were significantly correlated with the psychopathology of the subjects. 5) Familial alcoholics were scored significantly higher than non-familial alcoholics in the the means of LCONTROL, ROLEMALA, DELIRIUM, GU ILTWOR, HELPBEFR, DISRUPT1, ANXCONCN and ALC INVOL scales. Conclusions:The results suggest that Korean version of Alcohol Use Inventory showed reasonable reliability and validity, therefore it may be effectively used in the assessment and treatment planning of alcoholic patients.

알코올 의존 환자에서의 역기능적인 핵심믿음에 대한 연구

이덕기(Duk-Ki Lee),조현기(Hyun-Ki Cho):조웅제(Woong-Je Cho):변원탄(Won-Tan Byun) 한국중독정신의학회 2002 중독정신의학 Vol.6 No.2

Objectives:This study was performed to investigate the dysfunctional core schema in alcohol dependent patients in Korea. Methods:The authors compared the scores of Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ) among alcoholic group, schizophrenic group and normal group. Also we evaluated the relationship of the scores of YSQ, alcohol-related variables, and psychopathology-related variables in 81 alcoholic patients. Results:The results of this study were as follows:1) In the Post-hoc KruskalWallis test and Mann-Whitney test, there were significant differences in all of the 16 scales of YSQ among alcoholic group, schizophrenic group and normal group. Scores of ‘Insufficient Self-Control’ in alcoholic group was significantly higher than schizophrenic group and Scores of ‘Social Isolation’ and ‘Undesirability’ in alcoholic group was significantly lower than schizophrenic group. 2) In the correlation analysis between the dysfunctional core schemas and alcohol-related variables in alcoholic patients, there were many significant correlations between YSQ scales and Alcohol Use Inventory (AUI) scales. In the alcohol-related variables, the hangover showed the highest correlation with dysfunctional core schema scales. 3) In the correlation analysis between the dysfunctional core schemas and personality-related variables in alcoholic patients, there were many significant correlations between YSQ scales and Million Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) scales. In the personality-related variables, the depressive and passive-aggressive scales showed the highest correlation with dysfunctional core schema scales. 4) In the correlation analysis between the dysfuctional core schemas and psychopathology-relaetd variables in alcoholic patients, there were many significant correlations between YSQ scales and SCL-90-R scales. In the psychopathology-related variables, the phobic anxiety showed the highest correlation with dysfunctional core schema scales. Conclusion: These results suggest that UNLX have a different effect on the early stage of vestibular compensatory process and the uvulonodulus servex through nhibitory Purkinje system.

Alcohol Use Inventory를 이용한 입원한 알코올 의존환자의 인지행동적 특성과 유형 분류

이덕기(Duk-Ki Lee),최혜선(Hye-Sun Choi),변원탄(Won-Tan Byun),하미영(Mi-Young Ha) 한국중독정신의학회 2004 중독정신의학 Vol.8 No.1

Objectives:This study was performed to evaluate cognitivebehavioral characteristics of alcohol dependent patients by AUI. And, the data of AUI analyzed using cluster analysis in order to identify the subtypes of alcohol dependence. Methods: Subjects served for the study were 402 alcoholic patients in Korea from a mental hospital. The data were mainly collected through several questionnaires including Korean version of Alcohol Use Inventory. Results:1) Among the AUI scales, HELPBEFR, GREGARUS, MENTALIM were relatively higher and RECPAWAR, AWARENES were relatively lower. 2) In the correlation analysis, there was a significant correlation among the scales associated with benefits of drinking, consequences of drinking and concerns about drinking and psychopathology variables. But, there was no significant correlation among the scales associated with drinking style, amount of drinking and psychopathology variables. 3) Alcohol dependence were classified into 4 subtypes. Subtype 1 was relatively higher in benefits of drinking, consequences of drinking and concerns about drinking. Subtype 2 was relatively lower in benefits of drinking and relatively higher in consequences of drinking and concerns about drinking. Subtype 3 was relatively lower in benefits of drinking, consequences of drinking and concerns about drinking. Subtype 4 was relatively higher in benefits of drinking and relatively lower in consequences of drinking and concerns about drinking. 4) Among the 4 subtypes, there is no significant difference in demographic variables. Conclusion:In order to prescribe cognitive-behavioral treatment effectively for alcohol dependent patients, first of all, the evaluation of cognitive-behavioral characteristics of the patients must be done. Next, on the basis of cognitive-behavioral characteristics, appropriate cognitive-be-havioral treatment strategy should chosen.

단층대의 전기전도도 변동에 의한 UHF 전자기장 교란

이춘기 ( Choon Ki Lee ),이희순 ( Heui Soon Lee ),권병두 ( Byung Doo Kwon ),오석훈 ( Seok Hoon Oh ),이덕기 ( Duk Kee Lee ) 한국지구물리·물리탐사학회 2003 지구물리와 물리탐사 Vol.6 No.2

조현병 환자에서 당뇨와 수면의 질 사이의 연관성

권기태(Ki Tae Kwon),김신겸(Shin Kyum Kim),변원탄(Won Tan Byun),이덕기(Duk Ki Lee),정봉주(Bong Ju Jung),박영민(Young Min Park),서재원(Jae Won Seo),김세훈(Se Hoon Kim) 대한생물치료정신의학회 2017 생물치료정신의학 Vol.23 No.1

Objectives:We aimed to investigate the relation between poor quality of sleep and clinical characteristics in patients with schizophrenia. Methods:Using the Korean version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI-K), the sleep quality was evaluated in 118 patients with schizophrenia. Demographic and clinical variables were compared between schizophrenia patients with and without poor quality of sleep. Laboratory variables, clinical and sociodemographic characteristics were compared between PSQI-K score higher than 5 points group(PSQI-H) and PSQI-K score lower than 4 points group(PSQI-L). Results:The prevalence of diabetes mellitus(DM) was higher in PSQI-H patients. In patients with DM, sleep duration was shorter and use of sleeping medication was more frequent than patients without DM. In logistic regression analysis, DM was associated with higher score of PSQI-K. Conclusion:We have found that presence of DM can be associated with poor quality of sleep in patients with schizophrenia. Further studies with more objective assessment on sleep quality and mediation are needed to clarify these relationships between sleep quality disorder and diabetes mellitus.

만성 조현병 환자에서 대사증후군과 인지기능과의 연관성

김경윤,김신겸,변원탄,이덕기,정봉주,박영민,서재원,Kim, Kyung-Yoon,Kim, Shin-Kyum,Byun, Won-Tan,Lee, Duk-Ki,Jung, Bong-Joo,Park, Young-Min,Seo, Jae-Won 한국정신신체의학회 2014 정신신체의학 Vol.22 No.2

연구목적 이 연구는 만성 조현병 조현병 환자에서 대사증후군과 인지기능과의 연관성을 알아보기 위해 시행하였다. 방 법 일 병원에서 입원중인 만성 조현병 환자 105명(대사증후군 40명, 비대사증후군 65명)을 대상으로 A Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Packet(CERAD-K)의 인지기능 검사 항목들을 시행하였다. 결 과 대사증후군에 이환된 만성 조현병 환자들에서 구성실행 검사 항목에서 대사증후군에 이환되지 않은 군에 비해 유의하게 낮은 점수를 나타냈으며, 그 외 다른 검사항목에서는 차이점이 나타나지 않았다. 결 론 만성 조현병 환자에서 대사증후군이 구성실행 검사 항목에서의 인지기능 저하를 나타내었다. 조현병 환자에서 대사증후군의 적절한 치료가 필요할 것이며 향후 장기추적연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다. Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome and cognitive functions among chronic schizophrenia patients. Methods : The survey participants were 105(40 metabolic syndrome and 65 non-metabolic syndrome) chronic schizophrenia patients at Yang-san Hospital. Each score of cognitive test(A Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Packet, stroop test), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Hamilton rating scale for Depression were assessed. Statistical analysis of the relationship between various tests of A Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Packet and metabolic syndrome were performed using ANCOVA and logistic regression. Results : Schizophrenia patients with lower score on construction praxia were likely to be included in Metabolic syndrome group. However, there were no significant relationships in other tests between the two groups. Conclusions : This study found metabolic syndrome caused cognitive decline in chronic schizophrenia patients, especially Construction praxia. This study could be a basis to show metabolic syndrome has to be treated appropriately in schizophrenia patients and suggests the necessity of following longitudinal designed study.

입원한 알코올의존환자의 성격 기질 특성과 음주 특성, 그리고 금주 동기에 대한 연구

김진현(Jin Hyeon Kim),이덕기(Duk Ki Lee),정봉주(Bong Joo Jung),박영민(Young Min Park),김성곤(Sung Gon Kim) 한국중독정신의학회 2012 중독정신의학 Vol.16 No.1

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate personality traits, investigate differences in onset times between the sexes, and compare schizophrenic patients with alcoholic patients using TCI. And we examined the correlation between TCI and drinking characteristics, and TCI and motivational status for abstinence. Methods : We enrolled 169 alcohol de-pendent patients (118 males, 51 females) by DSM-IV criteria, and 86 stable schizophrenic patients (42 males, 44 females) for the control group. We used TCI, SCL-90, AUI, URICA as a self reported questionnaire. We compared the score of those questionnaires of the early onset group with that of the late onset group in the alcohol dependent group. Results: 1) The mean values of Novelty Seeking (NS) and Reward Dependence (RD) were significantly higher in the alcohol dependent group than in the control group (schizophrenic patients). 2) In the alcohol dependent group, the early onset group had significantly higher Novelty Seeking (NS) and Self Directedness (SD) but lower Harm Avoidance (HA) than the late onset group. 3) The mean value of Novelty Seeking (NS) in female alcohol dependent patients was significantly higher than in male patients in the early onset group, and the mean value of NS in females was significantly lower than in males in the late onset group. 4) The mean value of Harm Avoidance (HA) was higher in female alcohol de-pendent patients than in the male patients group, and the late on-set group had a higher mean value than the early onset group. 5) Harm Avoidance (HA) had negative correlation with ‘anxiety related to drinking’, and Reward Dependence (RD) and Cooperativeness (CO) had positive correlation with ‘acknowledgement and awareness of use problem’. 6) The patients with lower Reward Dependence (RD) and Cooperativeness (CO) were included in the lower motivation group. Conclusion : The alcohol dependent patient group was more impulsive and intemperate, and had a stronger tendency to pursue new things than the schizophrenic patient group. Especially, female alcohol dependent patients had a higher tendency to seek stimulation, so they drink alcohol more impulsively, resulting in higher risks of acquiring alcohol-dependence problems earlier than the male alcohol dependent patient group. On the other hand, females who had anxiety and higher avoidant tendency acquired alcohol dependence later in life. Reward Dependence (RD) and Cooperativeness (CO) were related with patient’s motivation, so it will affect the prognosis of the treatment.

만성 정신분열병 환자에서 직업 유지 기간에 따른 증상 및 사회기능의 차이

이정빈(Jeong-Bin Lee),조진석(Jin-Seok Cho),이덕기(Duk-Ki Lee),김은아(Eun-A Kim),김미경(Mi-Kyung Kim),정순민(Sun-Min Jung) 대한사회정신의학회 2008 사회정신의학 Vol.13 No.2

목 적 본 연구에서는 만성 정신분열병 환자에서 직업 유지 기간에 따른 증상 및 사회기능의 차이를 조사하여, 치료에서 보다 중점을 두어야 할 영역을 파악하고자 하였다. 방 법 양산병원 외래 진료를 받고 있거나 사회복귀 시설에 다니고 있는 정신분열병이나 분열정동장애로 진단 받은 환자 33명을 대상 자로 하였다. 4개월 이상 직업을 유지하고 있는 군을 장기군(12명)으로 하였고, 1개월 이상 직업 유지를 하지 못하는 군을 단기군 (10명)으로 하였으며, 직업을 가지지 못하는 군을 무직군(11명)으로 하였다. 모든 연구 참가자들에게서 개인면담을 통하여 일반 인구학적 특성과 임상적 특성을 조사하였고, 증상을 평가하기 위해서는 PANSS와 CGI를 사용하였으며, 우울증상, 사회-직업기 능, 주관적인 삶의 만족도를 평가하기 위하여 각각 Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia, Social and Occupational Fun-ctioning Assessment Scale, SmithKline Beecham Quality of Life Scale을 사용하였다. 결 과 장기군은 단기군과 무직군보다 PANSS 점수의 총합, PANSS 음성증상 소척도 총점수가 유의하게 낮았으며, SOFAS 점수가 유의하게 높았다. 또한 장기군은 단기군보다 PANSS 양성증상 소척도 총점수, PANSS 일반정신병리 소척도 총점수, CGI 점수가 유의하게 낮았다. 결 론 장기군은 단기군과 무직군에 비해 증상 및 사회기능에 있어서 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 단기군과 무직군 사이에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. Objectives:This study of chronic schizophrenic patients was performed to investigate the differences in symptoms and social functioning according to the occupational duration, and to know domains to focus on in the treatment. Methods:33 schizophrenic or schizoaffective patients, from outpatients of Yang San Hospital or social rehabilitation facilities were divided into three groups:a group with job longer than 4 months(long term group), a group with job shorter than 1 month(short term group), and a group without job(no job group). Subjects were examined on sociodemographic and clinical features through out the interview, and their symptoms were assessed by PANSS and CGI, and their depressive symptoms, social-occupational functioning, subjective satisfaction about life were assessed by Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia, Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale, SmithKline Beecham Quality of Life Scale, respectively. Results:The long term group had significantly lower total PANSS score and PANSS negative subscale score than both the short term group and no job group. The long term group had significantly higher SOFAS score than the other two groups. The long term group had significantly lower PANSS positive subscale score, PANSS general psychopathology subscale score and CGI score than the short term group. Conclusion:The long term group was significantly different from both the short term group and no job group in symptomatology and social functioning. There was no significant difference between the short term group and no job group.