Evaluation of Renal Uptake Rate in 99mTc-DMSA Scan on Pediatrics

백승주(Seung ju Baek),이효영(Hyo yeong Lee),길상형(Sang hyeong Gil),조경남(Kyoung nam Jo) 한국방사선학회 2015 한국방사선학회 논문지 Vol.9 No.3

소아 ⁹⁹ᵐTc-DMSA 검사에서 방광의 포함 여부에 따른 신장 섭취율의 차이를 비교 하였다. 팬텀실험과 임상실험으로 진행되었으며 3개의 컵으로 좌, 우측신장 그리고 방광에 위치시키고 좌, 우측 신장의 방사능은 일정한 양( 1.0 )으로 고정하였고 방광에 해당되는 컵에는 0, 0.5, 1, 2배 방사능의 차이를 두어 영상을 획득하였다. 임상환자는 ⁹⁹ᵐTc-DMSA (300uCi, 11MBq)을 주사하여 2시간 뒤 동일하게 영상 획득하여 각각 정량 분석하였다. 통계분석은 SPSS(ver 22.0) 으로 대응표본 T검증(paired T-test)을 사용하여 분석하였고 p<0.05는 통계적으로 유의하다고 판단하였다. 방광의 방사능을 제외한 양측 신장 섭취율은 29.83 ± 8.8%(좌측), 24.29 ± 6.66%(우측)이었고, 방광을 포함했을 때 신장 섭취율은 26.65 ± 8.03%(좌측), 21.78 ± 6.24%(우측)이었다. 신장 섭취율은 방광의 소변(방사능)이 증가할수록 양측 신장의 섭취율은 감소하였다. 이는 ⁹⁹ᵐTc-DMSA 신장스캔 시 좌, 우측 신장에서 방사능을 계수할 때 방광의 소변에 포함된 방사능의 계수가 포함되어 신장 섭취율 공식에서 총 계수가 포함되므로 실제 양측 신장 섭취율의 값이 감소되었다. The aims of this study were to evaluate the difference of renal uptake rate in 99mTc-DMSA scan on pediatrics by including the bladder. Phantom and Clinical studies were performed. In the phantom study, we put ⁹⁹ᵐTcO4⁻(300uCi, 11 MBq) in 3cups filled with distilled water at the rate 1:1:0, 1:1:0.5, 1:1:1, 1:1:2 and were placed Lt kidney, Rt kidney and bladder position on the table. To acquire the image, we used Symbia-E gamma camera from Siemens with preset count method(400,000 counts). In quantitative analysis, the counts of drawing ROIs on the phantom were analyzed. In clinical studies, we analyzed the 20 pediatrics who were examined by ⁹⁹ᵐTc-DMSA scan. At first, the images were acquired with both kidney and bladder. Secondly we acquired images after shielding the bladder. And the data were compared using a pared t-test by SPSS(ver.22.0). As a result of renal phantom’s experiment, we compared with average of uptake rate(%), 1:1:0 was Lt 43.32%, Rt 45.97%, 1:1:0.5 was Lt 35.79%, Rt 36.89%, 1:1:1 was Lt 29.68%, Rt 31.45% and 1:1:2 was Lt 22.89%, Rt 24.32%. There was no correlation between the zoom and uptake rate. The results of patient were that excluded bladder was 29.83±8.81%(Lt), 24.29±6.66%(Rt) and included bladder was 26.65±8.03%(Lt, 21.78±6.24%(Rt). This is deemed statistically significant (p<0.05). Renal uptake rate was undervalued because the counts of bladder were included in the total counts.

황민화 시기 이만규의 국가정체성 : 친일적 경향을 중심으로

이길상 ( Gil Sang Lee ) 한국교육사학회 2012 한국교육사학 Vol.34 No.1

Lee Man-gyu is a well known patriot and a man of progressive bent. He lived out his beliefs and ideals through both his activism and his publishing activities. He was one of the rare intellectuals of his time(colonial period to the division of Korea) who enjoyed the respect of people of both South and North Korea, as the strong nationalist fervor to which he gave voice in his writings and activism found resonance on both sides. The consensus is that Lee Man-gyu was an educator who resisted colonial education with an unwavering commitment to Korean independence. His progressiveness and uncompromising nature and never-say-die attitude in front of invaders and occupiers of his country are widely recognized and admired as well. This research gives a focus on reviewing his educational and social activities in 1930s and makes an attempt to reveal his flattery attitude toward Japanese colonial authority. His active participation in and strong support for the 1938 Ordinance of Joseon Education, his dubious involvement in the Heungeopgurakbu Incident and Korean Language Association Case, his questionable national identity appeared in his book ``Gajeong Dokbon`` were the main subjects to be reviewed in this paper. I exposed the fact that Lee Man-gyu partly accepted educational policies and values promoted by the colonial power or compromised with colonialism. Some pieces of evidence are as follows: he supported for the so called ``Japan and Korea are one`` policy through education and daily life, he donated some money for national defence project of the Japanese empire, he appealed to the people to keep then social order through colonial radio broadcasting and newspaper articles, and he participated in some pro-Japanese social organizations and activities. Thorough investigation into his activities and thoughts, re-evaluation of his writings, and re-positioning of him in Korean educational history is seriously required now. 이만규는 20세기 교육자 중 남과 북에서 함께 존경을 받아온 많지 않은 인물 중 한 사람이다. 『조선교육사』집필로 남쪽에서 쌓은 명성, 그리고 교육개혁가로서 북쪽에서 쌓은 명성의 바탕에는 그가 일본 식민지 시대에 간직하고 보여주었던 강한 민족주의 정신이 자리 잡고 있다. 식민지 지배가 공고해진 1930년대 이후 황민화 시기에도 일제의 회유에 굴하지 않았던 민족주의자로 알려진 이만규를 재평가하는 것이 이 글의 목적이다. 조선교육령에 대한 그의 태도 분석, 그가 연루되었던 흥업구락부 사건을 전후한 시기의 타협적 태도, 그리고 그가 집필했던 『가정독본』의 내용 분석 등을 통해 이만규의 국가정체성을 재고해보고 그의 교육적 태도나 활동 속의 친일적 흔적을 새롭게 드러내고자 한다.

외과 수술용 Air-Powered Handpiece 개발

윤길상(Gil-Sang Yoon),이영훈(Young-Hoon Lee),허영무(Young-Mu Heo),서태일(Tae-Il Seo),최길운(Gil-Un Choi) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2004 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.21 No.3

미군정의 국가적 성격과 교육정책

이길상(Lee Gil-sang) 한국학중앙연구원 1992 한국학 Vol.15 No.2

미군정시대 연구에 있어서 ‘준비부족론’의 문제점

이길상(Lee Gil Sang) 한국학중앙연구원 1990 한국학 Vol.13 No.2

1920년 전후 존 듀이의 동아시아 여행과 일본, 중국, 한국 : 수용과 배제의 양상

이길상 ( Gil Sang Lee ) 한국교육사학회 2013 한국교육사학 Vol.35 No.1

John Dewey, a well known American educational philosopher, visited east Asia around 1920 for a while. Facts about his visit, not to mention the meaning of his visit, were not fully researched yet, while his educational thoughts have had deep impact on educational theory and practices in this region since then. This paper is interested in clarifying the meaning of his visit to Japan and China from 1919 to 1921. Backgrounds of his visit, impact of his visit, and expecially responses of local intellectuals to his visit would be investigated. Why did the Japanese academic society rejected Dewey`s demand on reconstructing of Japanese philosophy and educational thought? Why did the Chinese intellectual leaders welcome Dewey so ardently? Why John Dewey, preacher of democratic philosophy, skipped Korea under Japanese colonial rule from his visiting list? What was the understanding of John Dewey on the history and culture of Korea at that time? These co-related and interesting questions would be answered in this study. 미국의 교육철학자 존 듀이는 1920년을 전후하여 동아시아를 방문하였다. 제1차 세계대전, 볼셰 비키혁명 등 세계사적 변화의 시기, 3.1운동과 5.4운동 등 동아시아적 변혁의 시기에 이루어진 그의 동아시아 방문에 관해서는 많은 연구가 진행되지 않았다. 본 논문에서는 그의 일본과 중국 방문의 배경, 주요 활동, 그리고 일본과 중국 지식인 사회의 반응과 영향에 대해 검토한다. 듀이와 일본 지식인 사회의 상호 배제의 배경, 중국 사회의 듀이에 대한 수용의 양상과 배제로의 이행과정 등을 검토하고자 한다. 이와 함께 그가 식민지 지배 하에 있던 조선을 방문하지 않은 이유를 추론하고자 한다. 그가 동아시아 방문을 전후하여 드러내었던 조선의 역사와 현실에 대한 인식 경향을 분석하고, 이를 토대로 그가 조선을 왜 방문하지 않았는지를 밝혀보고자 한다. 문명 간 대화, 그리고 문화적 다양성 논의가 활발한 21세기 상황에서 동아시아 방문을 전후하여 그가 강조하였던 철학이나 교육사상이 갖는 현대적 의미도 부분적으로 논의하고자 한다.

교과서 제도 국제비교

이길상 ( Gil Sang Lee ) 경북대학교 중등교육연구소 2009 중등교육연구 Vol.57 No.2

본 연구는 세계 각국의 교과서 발행, 채택, 개정 제도 등을 체계적으로 이해함으로써 우리나라 교과서 정책의 새로운 방향을 모색하는 데 목적이 있다. 이 연구에 포함된 비교 대상 국가는 총 58개국이다. 유럽 20개국, 아시아(중동 지역 포함) 22개국, 미주 13개국, 대양주 2개국, 아프리카 1개국으로 고르게 분포되어 있다. 분석결과를 종합해 볼 때 교과서 제도는 다분히 그 사회가 향유하고 있는 정치문화나 사회적 환경, 역사적 경험과 매우 관련이 깊다고 할 수 있다. 교과서 발행과 사용 제도 등에 있어서 지역별, 문화권별 차이가 드러나는 것이 이것을 말해 준다. 따라서 교과서 제도 개선 또한 선진 외국의 제도라고 해서 우리가 목표로 삼아야 할 제도로 전제하고 추종하는 것은 문제가 아닐 수 없다. 교과서 제도의 개선은 우리의 교육문화, 교육개혁의 목표, 교육을 둘러싼 사회 환경과 문화 등에 대한 종합적 고려에 기초해서 점진적으로 추진해야 할 것이다. The main purpose of this study is to explore the new direction of textbook reform policy of Korea through investigating the school textbook publication, adoption, renewing, and distribution system of other countries. The number of countries surveyed is 58 in which 20 European countries, 22 Asian countries, 13 American countries, 2 Oceanian countries, and 1 African country are involved. Textbook system is closely related with the political culture, social circumstance, and historical experience of the society. So we could find some kind of regional differences or differences based on cultural background in textbook publication system. It means that there is no royal road we have to follow in reforming our textbook system. The first task we have to do is to figure out the direction or aim of our educational reform. Textbook reform policy could be designed based on it. Some policy recommendation could be made on this comparative study. First of all, the level of government involvement in school textbook must be lowered. That is, the number of government designated school textbook must be decreased. Introduction of competing system in school textbook market may lead to the improvement of textbook and the lesson of that subject. It is also recommended to adopt textbook lease system instead of current privately owning system.

쇠퇴지역 도시회복력 평가지표 도출을 위한 기초 연구: 정책 네트워크 분석 및 Fuzzy 다기준 의사결정법의 활용

이길상(Lee, Gil Sang),정예림(Jung, Yee Rim),어성희(Eo, Seong Hee),최희선(Choi, Hee-Sun) 한국기후변화학회 2021 한국기후변화학회지 Vol.12 No.6

IMT-Advanced 시스템을 위한 문턱 값 기반 영역 결정을 통한 셀 간섭 관리 기법

윤길상(Gil-sang Yoon),이정환(Jeong-hwan Lee),서창우(Changwoo Seo),조인식(Insik Cho),유철우(Cheol-woo You),황인태(In-tae Hwang) 한국통신학회 2009 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.34 No.7

임신한 토끼에서 자궁내 감염 유발 후 신속한 항생제 투여 치료의 유용성

은길상 ( Gil Sang Eun ),박교훈 ( Kyo Hoon Park ),윤보현 ( Bo Hyun Yoon ),김암 ( Am Kim ),이진용 ( Jin Yong Lee ) 대한산부인과학회 1997 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.40 No.12

Background: Although intrauterine infection, particularly subclinical amniotic infection, is known to increase the risk of preterm labor and delivery, the treatment of this disorder is not well established. Therefore, animal models are desired for elucidating the relationship between antibiotic treatments and pregnancy outcome in case of intrauterine infection, because they are not restricted to ethical concerns, confounding variables, and patient availability. Objective: In the pregnant rabbit model using hysteroscopy-guided intracervical inoculation of E. coli or saline, we investigate 1) the effects of immediate antibiotics (ampicillin-sulbactam) treatment according to inoculum size of E. coli and 2) the effects of timing of administration of antibiotics on pregnancy outcomes after inoculation of E. c.oli. Study Design: Timed-pregnant rabbits underwent hysteroscopy at 21~22 days of gestation(70 %). 1) In the first study, animals were randomly assigned to inoculation either of E. coli (inoculum size 2×10(7) cfu/ml or 2×10(4) cfu/ml) or saline and immediately(within 5 minutes) treated with antibiotics. 2) In the second study, they were assigned to a treatment with antibiotics either 4 hours after inoculation of E. coli 2×10(7)cfu/ml or within 5 minutes after inoculation. Results: 1) Among immediately antibiotics-treated rabbits, E. coli-inoculum groups had significantly fewer live fetuses, more positive cultures of amniotic fluid and/or decidua of fetuses, and more positive cultures in case of live fetuses with respect to inoculum size of E. coli(p<0.001, respectively). And even smaller E. coli-inoculum group(E. coli 2×10(4) cfu/ml) had signficantly lower fetal survival rate and higher positive cultures of amniotic fluid and/or decidua in comparison with control group(p<0.05, respectively). 2) Compared with immediately treated E. coli-inculated rabbits(2×10(7) cfu/ml of E. coli), those who treated from 4 hous after inoculation had significantly fewer live fetuses and more positive cultures of amniotic fluid and/or decidua(p<0.05, respectively), and more positive cultures of amniotic fluid in case of live fetuses (p<0.05, respectively). Conclusion: Earlier antibiotics administration improved pregnancy outcomes in E. coli-inoculated rabbits. However in spite of more increased fetal survival and decreased intrauterine infection rate, there is a possibility of presence of persistent subclinical intrauterine infection in immediately treated and smaller size of E. coli-inoculum group in comparison with noninfected control. When treating with antibiotics, it is needed to observe and monitor closely the presence of persistent subclinical intrauterine infection in patients with intrauterine infection.