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- 저자 : 이규열(Lee, Kyu-Yull) (검색결과 229 건)
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이규열 한국전략문제연구소 1999 전략연구 Vol.6 No.2
Although almost ren years have passed away since the talks of arms control between two Koreas began, there are very few things we have achieved. And, inter-Korean arms control has gone nowhere. To make a breakthrough in a deadlock in inter-Korean arms control it is necessary to understand the characreristics of arms control on the Korean Peninsula. First, the existing difference between the two Koreas in threat perception limits the scope of common interests and common threats. Consequently, this difference constrains the possibility of arms control which can be looked upon as a way to reduce tension by controlling each one's armed forces. Second, since the main target of arms control is both sides' conventional forces, it is difficult to calculate, compare, and contrast armed forces of the two Koreas. Third, the presence of U.S. forces in Korea makes the inter- Korean arms control difficult and complex since the involvement of the United States in the negotiation is required Fourth, taking the geostrategic importance of the Korean Peninsula into account, the positions of neighboring countries concerned must be reflected. Finally, the lack of arms control experience between the two Korea makes the inter-Korean arms control more difficult. That is, political reconciliation--one of preconditions for arms control--does not exist on the Korean Peninsula and arms control itself has been abused for political/diplomatic propaganda. To devise realist arms control approach, it is necessary to review North Korea's policy on arms control North Korea has been persistently proposing the followings. a) withdrawal of U.S. forces in Korea: b) conclusion of peace treaty between the United States and North Korea: c) reduction of both Korea's troops to 100,000: d) conclusion of non-aggression treaty between the two Koreas: e) stopping of military exercises and training with foreign troops: and f) prohibition of weapons import. Since the late 1980s, North Korean proposals have become more sophisticated by including some confidence-building measures (CBMs). North Korea calls it "comprehensive peace proposal" which is a part of their strategy of unifying Korea--Koryo Confederacy. For North Korea, arms control is a political means toward South Korea, not necessarily a means to stabilize military situation on the Korean Peninsula. North Korea has persistently demanded the withdrawal of USFK from the Korean Peninsula as a precondition for arms control talks between the two Koreas. This means that threat to North Korea's security is coming from the possibility of U.S. involvement, not directly from South Korea's armed forces. Thus, they intend to eliminate the source of threat. Third, North Korean arms control proposal focuses on troop reduction, rather than equipment, to maintain its strategic leverage due to its ability to mobilize huge forces in short notice. South Korea's arms control proposal is quite similar to that of European case: that is, CBMs first, arms limitation second, and finally arms reduction. While South Korean arms control proposal has its own logic and rationale, it lacks validity since it does not take into account the issue of feasibility. To make a progress in arms control on the Korean Peninsula, a set of conditions must be met and South Korea should try to consolidate these conditions. First, since North Korea mainly relies on its military assets in negotiating with South Korea as well as other outside world, North Korea's military leverage must be neutralized. Only when North Korea sees no utility of military tools, or furthermore counterproductive, it can seriously consider arms control as a way of saving itself. Second, under any circumstances, it must not be allowed for North Korea to acquire WMD. If North Korea acquires or enhances its WMD capabilities, it would eliminate possibility of inter-Korean arms control since it would only enhance the utility of military means. Third, if North Korea could not afford high defense burden, it would correspond to the call for arms control Considering all these facts, it is possible to say that as time goes by, the possibility of inter-Korean arms control would increase. But it will take some time. All these mean that while South Korea maintains its position on arms control it must try to develop means and strategies to realize arms control. First of all, it must try to expand the background for arms control: that is, it must try to improve political relations with North Korea on one hand, and it must also enhance military readiness to neutralize North Korea's military leverage. This would enable South Korea to expand its independent scope of management of North Korea. Rather than considering arms control as an end in itself, we must consider arms control as a means to control and manage inter-Korean relations. First, we must do our best efforts to implement the Basic Agreement. More specifically, reopening and regularizing of channels of communication and negotiation must come first. Secondly, we must start with pre-CBMs, rather than intrusive CBMs. Transparency must come first. Along with introductory CBMs, we must emphasize the necessity of verification. "Trust but verify." Regarding North Korea's proposals and attitude, instead of simply denying and ignoring their proposals, flexibility must be respected. That is, rather than one on one match, we can utilize asymmetrical approach with a little more flexibility. Most of all, we must retain the consistency of our proposal The most urgent thing is to correct the stereo-typed approach toward arms control Instead of emphasizing logic and integrity of our own approach, we must take a realistic approach based on the assessment of feasibility of each measure.
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낙동강에서 유기오염 및 SS 농도 변화에 따른 DOC 농도 변화의 특성
이규열 ( Kyu Yeol Lee ),김주언 ( Ju Eon Kim ),이권철 ( Kwon Chul Lee ),이경락 ( Kyung Lak Lee ),이인정 ( In Jung Lee ),임태효 ( Tea Hyo Im ) 한국물환경학회 2013 한국물환경학회지 Vol.29 No.4
Temporal increase of SS induces concentrations in various forms of organic matter including BOD, COD, TOC. Consequently, it causes hard to identify sources of water pollution during or after precipitation. The objective of this study is to investigate variations of DOC concentration caused by increase of flow and changes of external factors in river by comparing to SS concentration. In results, monitoring sites (e.g., Banbyeonchen) consisting of hard riverbed showed high correlation between SS and organic matters, except BOD. On the contrary, other sites (e.g., Naesungcheon) where riverbed consists of sand were found in a wide range of annual fluctuation in SS level, whereas these sites showed a narrow range in annual DOC fluctuation. In Gumhogang and Namgang, a lower correlation between SS and other factors was found most likely because of high concentration in organic matter. However, lower annual fluctuation values of DOC were observed in comparison to those of COD and TOC. Similar results were also confirmed in main river sites, Sangju and Mulgeum. In conclusion, DOC concentration is better indicator for monitoring organic matter which cannot be provided by BOD, COD, TOC in the Nakdong river basin.
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이규열(Lee, Kyu-Yull),이동찬(Lee, Dong-Chan),이창석(Lee, Chang-Suck),임정규(Lim, Jung-Kyou) 한국부동산학회 2014 不動産學報 Vol.56 No.-
1. 내용 (1) 연구목적 본 연구는 부동산개발, 부동산중개, 부동산감정평가활동을 중심으로 살펴보고 이에 근거하여 부동산권리분석활동의 필요성을 제시하고자 한다. (2) 연구방법 한국의 대표 문헌연구를 통해 부동산권리분석업의 현황과 문제점, 권리분석사 제도의 필요성을 유추하고자 한다. (3) 연구결과 우리나라에는 부동산 권리를 조사하는 공식적이고 독립적인 업이 아직 존재하지 않는다. 자주 발생하는 부동산거래사고의 안전을 위해서 또한 부동산권을 보호하기 위한 초기 단계의 전문직이 필요하다. 2. 결과 부동산 권리분석은 부동산거래의 안전과 국민경제의 발전에 이바지하고 각종 거래사고를 미연에 방지함으로써 부동산과 인간과의 관계개선에 이바지 한다. 또한 분쟁의 소지를 감소시키고, 국민의 재산권 보호와 부동산거래질서 확립에 이바지하기 위해서는 공인된 권리분석사 제도의 수립이 절실히 요구된다.
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라이프스타일에 따른 중·장년층의 주거선호 특성영향 연구 : 수도권을 중심으로
이규열(Lee, Kyu-Yeol),최민섭(Choi, Min-Seob) 한국주거환경학회 2020 주거환경(한국주거환경학회논문집) Vol.18 No.3
본 연구는 100세 시대를 준비하는 수도권의 중·장년층을 대상으로 라이프스타일에 따른 주거선호특성요인을 도출하기 위한 전제로서 그 의미가 있다 이를 위하여 수도권 중·장년층의 일반적인 특성을 파악하고 예비노년층의 주거수요를 측정하기 위한 라이프스타일의 측정방법에 대한 이론을 고찰한 후 주거선호특성 연구를 위한 주거환경과 주거만족도, 주거선호도에 대한 선행연구를 검토한다. 이를 바탕으로 수도권에 거주하는 중·장년층을 대상으로 설문조사를 위한 변수들을 선정하고, 각 요인별 중요도를 파악하는 설문조사를 실시한다. 그리고 설문조사의 내용을 분석하여 100세 시대를 준비하는 수도권의 중·장년층을 대상으로 라이프스타일에 따른 주거선호특성영향요인을 도출하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 서울, 경기, 인천에 거주하는 40세 이상 64세 이하의 중·장년층을 대상으로 미래주거수요에 대한 일련의 항목을 가지고 구매여력이 있는 집단의 주거수요를 살펴보았다. 구체적으로는 주거수요에 있어 인구통계학적요인 같은 양적 측면뿐 아니라 라이프스타일 같은 질적 요인도 고려하는 동시에, 주거선택 선호도에 따른 변수도 함께 고려하여 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 실증분석을 통한 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중·장년층의 개별특성요인과 라이프스타일 요인은 주거수요에 영향을 미친다는 것이다. 인구통계학적특성만을 가지고 분석한 기존의 연구결과와는 다르게 본 연구에서는 인구통계학적특성 변수가 주거수요를 기존연구들만큼 설명하지는 못하였다. 그러나 보다 적은 개수의 라이프스타일 변수가 주거수요에 유의미하게 영향을 끼친다는 것을 밝혔다는 점에서 연구의 의의가 있다. 둘째, 일반적 이론에서는 주거수요를 개인소득, 연령, 가족구성원의 규모, 가족 구성원의 요구, 주거소비태도와 같은 다양한 요인들이 작용하고 있다. 그러나 계량과 측정이 불가능한 변수도 존재함으로 의사결정과정에 대한 소비자 태도를 설명하기에는 부족한 측면도 있다. 그러나 라이프스타일이라는 다소 주관적인 요인을 추가함으로 미래주거수요를 예측하거나 분석하는데 도움을 주고자 하였다. 셋째, 인구통계학적요인과 라이프스타일요인 모두 주택유형에 따라 선택결과는 다르게 나타난다. 특히 본 연구에서는 아파트를 주로 연구하는 것에서 탈피하여 다양한 주택과 주거선택 시 선호하는 특성을 반영하여 새로운 관점을 제시하였다는 것이다. 넷째, 기존연구에서 분석된 주거선택유형과도 차별화된 관점을 제시한다. 임기흥(2015)은 베이비붐 세대가 은퇴 이후 선호하는 주택이 전원주택 및 타운하우스(39.0%), 아파트(38.4%), 단독주택(8.6%), 도시형생활주택(7.1%), 장기임대아파트(2.8%), 빌라 및 연립주택(1.5%), 실버타운(1.5%), 오피스텔(0.5%) 순으로 조사되었다고 하였다. 그러나 본 연구에서는 아파트와 단독주택순으로 만족도가 높게 나타났다. 이는 생활양식의 변화와 다양한 주거수요욕구가 반영된 결과로 기존 연구와 차별화된다. 이상의 분석결과는 다음의 시사점을 제공한다. 먼저 본 연구를 통해 확인된 중·장년층의 주거수요특성은 간과하기 쉬운 개인의 라이프스타일까지 고려가 필요하다는 것을 밝혀내었다. 본 연구의 의의는 이러한 중·장년층의 주거수요에 영향을 주는 다양한 측면을 고려하여 실증분석 하였다는 것이다. Globally, low birthrate and aging are common and are emerging as various social problems. Middle-aged and senior citizens who have to live in the age of 100 have the greatest influence on the choice and planning of housing. It can be said to be the leading layer. This study examines the theory of lifestyle measurement method to determine the general characteristics of middle-aged and elderly in the metropolitan area to derive the characteristics of housing preference according to lifestyle for the middle-aged and elderly, and to measure the residential demand of the preliminary elderly After that, a survey was conducted to determine the importance of each factor by reviewing the preceding studies on the housing environment, housing satisfaction, and housing preference for the study of residential preference characteristics, and then derived factors affecting residential preference characteristics. The research results through empirical analysis are as follows. First, the individual characteristic factors and lifestyle factors of the middle-aged and elderly people have an effect on housing demand. Second, it was intended to help predict or analyze future housing demand by adding a somewhat subjective factor of lifestyle to the general theory. Third, both demographic and lifestyle factors have different selection results depending on the housing type. Fourth, a differentiated perspective from the type of housing choice analyzed in previous studies was presented. The above analysis results provide the following implications. First, it was revealed that the characteristics of the housing demand of middle-aged and elderly people identified through this study need to be considered even the lifestyle of individuals that are easy to overlook. The significance of this study is that the empirical analysis was conducted in consideration of the various aspects that influence the housing demand among the middle and the elderly.
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