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조선시대 전통 화훼장식의 디자인 형태 분석에 관한 연구 - 표현기법을 중심으로 -
이경숙 ( Lee Kyeong Suk ),오욱 ( Oh Wook ) 한국화예디자인학회 2021 한국화예디자인학 연구 Vol.45 No.-
우리나라 전통 화훼장식의 기술 체계는 과거로부터 현대로 그 맥이 이어졌을 것이라는 인식 아래, 이 연구에서는 조선시대 화훼장식에서 디자인 형태의 유형을 추출하여 표현기법을 분석하고 현대의 전통 화훼장식과의 연관성을 규명하고자 하였다. 그 결과, 조선시대 화훼장식 작품들은 대부분 중앙 출발점에 1개 초점(1점 출발)을 주로 표현하였다. 중심가지선은 주로 1개 사용하였고, 밑받침 소재로는 주로 절엽을 사용하였다. 현대 화훼장식에서도 1개의 중앙 출발점, 잎 소재의 밑받침이 주로 사용되고 있어 조선시대와 흡사하다. 표현기법별 사용 빈도를 보면, 줄기를 그대로 노출시킨 줄기 노출 기법의 빈도가 가장 많았고, 모든 기법에서 절화와 절지가 비슷한 빈도로 사용되었다. 사용된 식물성 소재로는 꽃을 이용하는 절화와 선의 표현할 수 있는 절지가 주로 사용되었다. 그 외에 깃털, 부채, 붓 등의 비식물성 소재도 장식에 이용되었다. 결론적으로, 우리나라 전통 화훼장식은 표현기법 측면에서 이미 조선시대에 체계적으로 정립되어 높은 수준의 화훼장식품이 제작되었다는 것을 알 수 있다. 향후 우리 화훼장식의 역사를 좀 더 다양한 방법으로 연구하고 역사적 전통을 살려가면서 현대의 화훼장식을 발전시켜 나가는 노력이 필요할 것이다. Under the recognition that the technological system of traditional flower design in Korea has been passed down from the past to the present, we extracted the type of design form from the flower decoration of the Joseon Dynasty, analyzed the expression technique, and examined the relationship with the modern traditional flower decoration in this study. As a result, most of the flower design works of the Joseon Dynasty mainly expressed one focal point at the central starting point. One central branch line was mainly used, and cut leaves were mainly used as the base material. Similar to the Joseon Dynasty, one central starting point and a base made of leaves are mainly used In modern flower design. In the frequency of use by expression technique, the stem exposure technique was used the most, and cut flowers and cut stems were used at a similar frequency in all techniques. As plant materials, cut flowers and cut stems were mainly used. In addition, non-plant materials such as feathers, fans, and brushes were also used for decoration. In conclusion, it can be seen that traditional flower decorations in Korea were systematically established in the Joseon Dynasty in terms of expression techniques and high-level flower design works were made. In the future, it will be necessary to study the history of our flower designs in more diverse ways and to develop modern flower designs while preserving historical traditions.
인삼 재배 작업의 재해 위험 요인과 안전 대책 - 인삼 재배 농업인 대상 안전교육 자료 개발을 위한 조사 연구
공용구,이인석,이경숙,최경희,강다영,이주희,Kong, Yong-Ku,Lee, Inseok,Lee, Kyung Suk,Choi, Kyeong-Hee,Kang, Da-Yeong,Lee, Juhee 대한인간공학회 2017 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.36 No.5
Objective: The aim of this study was to find risk factors in cultivating ginseng based on risk assessments and suggest safety measures for main risks. Background: Safety education and training is one of the practical and effective methods to prevent occupational accidents and injuries. In agricultural sector, there are few contents of safety education as compared to other industries. Especially, farm work has different cultivation characteristics according to the crops, so it needs special education materials for each crop. Among the various types of crops, ginseng contains various risk factors due to its long cultivating period and unique environment. Therefore, safety education material specified for ginseng is necessary to improve ginseng farmers' safety. Method: Risk assessment for cultivating tasks of ginseng was carried out through data obtained from various methods (site survey, interview, literature survey). To improve objectivity, the risk assessment was applied with 3-criteria (researcher estimate, interview, previous research results). Finally, the three high-risk tasks were selected and safety measures for those tasks were provided. Results: Three tasks, such as 'Mounting, maintenance and removing supports', 'Pest control' and 'Harvest', were selected as risky tasks among total tasks. (1) In 'Mounting' and maintenance and removing supports', the farmers found to be exposed to the risks of musculoskeletal disorders and accidents related to operating the tablet machine. (2) In 'Pest control', agrichemical poisoning, musculoskeletal disorders and hyperthermia were main risks. Finally, (3) In 'Harvest', the farmers are mainly exposed to the possibility of accidents of agricultural machines and risks of musculoskeletal disorders. Thus, it needs to apply appropriate safety measures to those risky tasks, such as safety guidelines, convenience equipment, protective kit, and so on. Conclusion: This study can be used as basic data for agricultural safety and expected that it would be useful for further study. In addition, the results of the research will be produced in the form of animation, which will enhance the safety consciousness for aged farmers. Application: The result of this study can be used in developing safety education materials for ginseng farmers which is essential to prevent occupational accidents and injuries among ginseng farmers.
공용구(Yong-Ku Kong),이경숙(Kyung Suk Lee),이주희(Ju-Hee Lee),최경희(Kyeong-Hee Choi) 대한인간공학회 2018 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.37 No.5
Objective: The purposes of this study were to validate the accuracy of AWBA (Agricultural Whole Body Assessment) by comparing with expert"s evaluation and to suggest the improvements of AWBA based on the results of this study. Background: In the agriculture field, many tasks could have awkward postures such as back, neck, and knee flexion according to the crops and growing processes. Many risk assessment tools such as RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment), REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment), OWAS (Ovako Working posture Analysis System) have been used to quantify these awkward working postures. However, existing posture assessment tools were developed focused on the manufacturing industry, not on the agricultural tasks which require different types of working postures with the industry sites. Thus there are many limitations for applying these assessment tools to evaluate agricultural working postures. To overcome these limitations, AWBA has been developed with focusing on the agricultural tasks. Method: The validation study of AWBA was conducted based on comparison with the expert"s evaluation results. For validation study, a total of 80 working postures were selected from pepper and bean crops. At least one representative working posture was obtained from each unit work for each crop, and the experts were asked to evaluate subjective risk levels for all 80 working postures with 4 risk levels. To compare the agreements between AWBA analyses and experts" evaluations vs. between other existing assessment tools" analyses and experts" evaluations, percent of agreement and weighted kappa analysis were applied. Based on these results, improvements of AWBA were also suggested in this study. Results: The largest percent of agreement (44.4%) was obtained from AWBA and it is significantly larger than the percent of agreement of existing assessment tools [RULA (28.3%), REBA (37.6%), OWAS (28.6%)]. Kappa values of AWBA and REBA were 0.44 and 0.47, which means "moderate consistency" also significantly larger than results of RULA and OWAS. Results also showed that there are some difference between AWBA and expert"s evaluation at the back flexion posture (at 90°) and standing posture. Based on this, ABWA was revised and thus a revised Kappa value has been changed to 0.62 which means "substantial to almost perfect". Conclusion: The agreement between AWBA and expert"s results was significantly higher than existing assessment tools. However some revisions were needed to improve the accuracy of AWBA. Thus, AWBA was revised based on the results of this study and the revised AWBA which was improved has been suggested. Application: The results of this study could be applied for evaluation of agricultural working postures and may lead to improve the accuracy of risk evaluation in agricultural field. Eventually, it could improve the work environment and reduce work-related musculoskeletal disorders.