The Phonological Status of Russian v reconsidered

유승만 한국러시아문학회 2004 러시아어문학 연구논집 Vol.15 No.-

러시아어 v는 러시아어의 대표적인 음운 현상 중의 하나인 유성동화의 대상이 될 경우에는 다른 장애음들과 같이 유성 동화의 영향을 받는 반면, 유성 동화를 촉발하는 위치에 있는 경우에는 다른 공명음들과 같이 유성 동화를 촉발하지 않는 특이한 현상을 보이고 있다. 본 논문은 이러한 러시아어 v의 음운론적 위상에 대한 기존의 연구들을 고찰하고, 그 장점들과 단점들을 적시한 후, 러시아어의 v는 전통적인 러시아 문법에서 주장되어 온 바와 같이 러시아 음운 체계 내에 순치마찰음으로 정의되어야 함을 보이는데 그 목적이 있다. 이전의 연구들은 크게 세 가지로 분류되어질 수 있다. 첫째, 전통적인 러시아 문법은 러시아어 /v/를 순치마찰음으로 분류하고 있다. 둘째, 러시아 역사 언어학 또는 방언학에 근거한 주장들은 러시아어 /v/가 유음인 /w/에서 몇 가지 규칙에 의해 도출되어지는 것으로 보고 있다. 셋째, 러시아어 /v/는 좀 더 엄밀하게 말해 /ʋ̝/라고 보아야 한다는 주장이다. 상기한 세 가지 견해 중, 본 논문에서 동의하고 논의를 진척시키고자 하는 견해는, 러시아어 /v/는 전통 문법에서 다루고 있는 바와 같이 순치 마찰음으로 다루어야 한다는 것이다. 러시아어 /v/의 음성학적 자질들에 대한 연구 데이터들을 살펴보면, 러시아어의 /v/가 다른 장애음들과 달리 특이한 현상을 보이는 것은 그것이 가진 자연적인 음성학적 특징 때문이고, 그것을 음운론의 영역에서 해석하고자 하는 시도는 옳지 않음을 보여주고 있다. 러시아어 /v/를 순치 마찰음으로 분류하는 것은 이론적 측면 뿐 아니라, 언어 교육적 측면에서도 간단한 음운 체계를 제시함으로써 학습자에게 보다 나은 학습 효과를 낳을 것으로 기대된다.

국제 : 집중분석 ; 그루지야 "5일 전쟁"으로 본 "신 거대게임"

유승만 평화문제연구소 2008 통일한국 Vol.298 No.-

뇌 허혈성 질환 확산텐서영상(DTI6D)의 임상적 유용성 고찰

유승만,유병기,남궁호,오태원,임흥선 대한자기공명기술학회 2010 대한자기공명기술학회지 Vol.20 No.-

Study on the Effects of Gadolinium-based MRI Contrast Medium on X-Ray Scanning

유승만,Yeon Park,동경래,지연상,구은회,권대철,정운관,이종웅,조재환 한국물리학회 2012 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.60 No.1

Gadolinium has a higher atomic mass (64) than iodine (53). The K-edge absorption energy of gadolinium is 50.2 keV, which is in the absorbed wavelength range of the X-rays used by a CT scanner, suggesting that it has a high X-ray absorption ability. This study examined the effects of a gadolinium-based MRI contrast medium on the quality (mAs) and the quality (kVp) of radiation during a X-ray scan. A contrast medium phantom was manufactured after diluting the contrast medium to various concentrations. A CT scanner (Siemens, Somatom Senation 64, Germany) was used to obtain images by changing the quality of radiation from 80 kVp to 100, 120, and 140 kVp. At a constant quality of radiation of 120 kVp, the mAs was changed from 100 mAs to 200 and 300mAs and images were obtained under each condition. The Hounsfield units (HUs) in a test tube were measured for analysis and comparison. The contrast enhancement by the contrast medium for CT scanning was 100% at a tube voltage of 80 kVp. The contrast enhancements at 100 kVp,120 kVp, and 140 kVp were 93.8%, 87.7%, and 69.5%, respectively. In addition, although the quantity increased a fixed tube voltage, the HU of the test tube remained relatively constant,indicating that the absorption of the contrast medium had little association with the quantity of X-rays but had some correlation with the quality of radiation. A tube voltage of 80 kVp or lower is recommended when a MRI contrast medium is used CT scanning. When MRI scanning and X-ray scanning are conducted together, X-ray scanning should be performed first or after sufficient gadolinium contrast medium has been excreted. Gadolinium has a higher atomic mass (64) than iodine (53). The K-edge absorption energy of gadolinium is 50.2 keV, which is in the absorbed wavelength range of the X-rays used by a CT scanner, suggesting that it has a high X-ray absorption ability. This study examined the effects of a gadolinium-based MRI contrast medium on the quality (mAs) and the quality (kVp) of radiation during a X-ray scan. A contrast medium phantom was manufactured after diluting the contrast medium to various concentrations. A CT scanner (Siemens, Somatom Senation 64, Germany) was used to obtain images by changing the quality of radiation from 80 kVp to 100, 120, and 140 kVp. At a constant quality of radiation of 120 kVp, the mAs was changed from 100 mAs to 200 and 300mAs and images were obtained under each condition. The Hounsfield units (HUs) in a test tube were measured for analysis and comparison. The contrast enhancement by the contrast medium for CT scanning was 100% at a tube voltage of 80 kVp. The contrast enhancements at 100 kVp,120 kVp, and 140 kVp were 93.8%, 87.7%, and 69.5%, respectively. In addition, although the quantity increased a fixed tube voltage, the HU of the test tube remained relatively constant,indicating that the absorption of the contrast medium had little association with the quantity of X-rays but had some correlation with the quality of radiation. A tube voltage of 80 kVp or lower is recommended when a MRI contrast medium is used CT scanning. When MRI scanning and X-ray scanning are conducted together, X-ray scanning should be performed first or after sufficient gadolinium contrast medium has been excreted.

소련의 언어정책

유승만 한양대학교 아태지역연구센터 2008 중소연구 Vol.32 No.1

어휘함수와 한국어-러시아어 연어의 의미기술

유승만 한국러시아문학회 2009 러시아어문학 연구논집 Vol.30 No.-

The purpose of this study is three-fold. First, the study is to introduce concept, definition and classes of lexical function. Second, the study is to reveal usefulness and universality of lexical function in the process of selecting corresponding collocational expressions between two or more languages. Third, the study is to show which direction multi-lingual collocational dictionary should be compiled. In the study, collocation is defined as "restricted combination of lexical units on the level of lexicon". Lexical function is a useful and universal tool that enables us to describe lexical combinations not only on intra-language level, but also on inter-language level objectively and systematically. The study illustrates about 60 simple standard lexical functions with examples of Korean and Russian collocation. Among simple standard lexical functions were selected those lexical functions that can be used for the descriptions of multi-lingual collocational correspondences and they are classified as paradigmatic and syntagmatic lexical functions. In addition, a couple of new lexical functions are proposed to incorporate Korean examples into the lexical function system. Furthermore, the study proposes that mono-lingual dictionary rather than multi-lingual dictionary is more useful and efficient. Such monolingual dictionary should include key words with different lexical combinations, and various lexical combinations in mono-lingual dictionary can be and should be generated by lexical function.

한국어-러시아어 연어변의 의미투명성 판단기준에 대한 연구

유승만 한국슬라브어학회 2008 슬라브어연구 Vol.13 No.-

The purpose of this article is to provide objective criteria and tests for determining transparency of lexical meaning of collocate in Korean and Russian collocations. Previous studies on this subject have not provided clear-cut criteria for this matter, even though many scholars mentioned the importance of collocate in collocation. Three tests were proposed to determine transparency of lexical meaning of collocate; (1) substitution test with synonyms or antonyms, (2) focus construction test, (3) co-occurrence test. If lexical meaning of a collocate is not transparent, that is, opaque, the combination of more than two lexical items including the given collocate is considered to be collocation. First, if a collocate cannot be substituted with synonyms or antonyms to make a combination of two lexical items including the given collocate valid sentence, the lexical meaning of the collocate is considered to be opaque, and the combination is considered to be collocation (substitution test), e.g., дождь идёт/*приходит. Second, if a combination of two lexical items with a collocate can not be an answer to a focused question with that collocate, the combination is considered to be collocation (focus construction test), e.g. Что ты вёл вчера? *Я вёл дела. Third, if more than two bases can not be shared with one collocate in an answer to a focused question, they are considered to be collocations. On the other hand, if they can, they are free expressions (co-occurrence test), e.g., What did you wear yesterday? I wore red hat and blue jeans. ('wear hat', 'wear jeans' are both free expressions). The third test is language specific. Thus, the expressions for "wear hat, wear jeans' are both collocation in Korean, whereas they are free expressions in English, Russian and many other Indo-European languages. The proposed three tests help differentiating collocations from free expressions and idioms by providing objective criteria for determining transparency of lexical meanings of collocates.

자기공명분광 분석을 이용한 식용 유지의 지방산 분석

유승만 (사)한국방사선산업학회 2016 방사선산업학회지 Vol.10 No.3

The aim of this study was to evaluate possibility for chemical changes analysis of the Soybean and Olive oil using a medical magnetic resonance imaging/spectrometer. The two edible oils including soybean and olive oil were selected for manufacturing the phantom series. For the acquisition of data without any physical environment change, 5 ml was transferred to a sealed plastic vial. All MRI and 1H-MRS experiments were performed on a 3.0 Tesla MRI scanner using a 32-channel brain array coil. The total lipid ((-CH2-)n/noise), total saturated fatty acid, total unsaturated fatty acid, total unsaturated bond, and poly unsaturated bond were quantified by separating each peak area of -CH3, (-CH2-)n, -CH2-C=C-CH2-, =C-CH2-C=, and -CH=CH-by-CH3 by MRS analysis. Soybean oil had the highest concentration of methyl protons and methane protons, expressed as 0.9 and 5.3 ppm compared to olive oil. However, its methylene protons at 1.3 ppm were the lowest. Olive oil had the highest amount of methylene protons and allylic protons and the lowest amount of methyl protons. Through the magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis it was to analyze the chemical characteristics of Olive oil and soybean oil. And it was confirmed that it is possible to proceed to an extended study using magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

9.4T 자기공명분광분석의 지질 양성자 (Lipid proton)의 T2 교정을 통한 지방 퍼센티지 정량화 연구: 팬텀 연구

유승만 (사)한국방사선산업학회 2020 방사선산업학회지 Vol.14 No.3

The T2 relaxation time of each lipid proton in 9.4T MRS is calculated to evaluate theerror between the T2 corrected lipid percentage and the T2 corrected lipid percentage, and it isintended to reveal the optimal TE in the MRS test conditions between 9.4T without T2 correction. Lipid phantom was made to have a lipid ratio of 10%. The phantom MRS data was acquired by9.4T laboratory animal MRI and mouse surface coil, and the parameters was applied as following: time to repeat (TR) is 5,000 msec, time of echo (TE) is 7, 10, 15, 20, 30, 50, 70, 100 msec. Themeasured LP data include methyl protons (-CH3); 0.90 ppm) and six LP signals were analyzedusing LCModel software (version 6.3-1H, Stephen W. Provencher), and the data of LP was useda standard deviation (% SD) of less than 10%, which was a useful reliability indicator. The resultof T2* corrected M0 was calculated by T2 relaxation curve mono exponential graph fitting. The T2 relaxation time of LP had different patterns. LP showing the shortest T2 was methaneprotons (-CH=CH-; 5.3 ppm), and the LP showing the longest T2 was methyl protons (-CH3);0.90 ppm).The percentage of LP obtained by performing the T2* correction was 13.476%, andthe lipid percentage with the lowest error at TE 30 msec was shown. In an environment wheremulti TE cannot be applied when performing 9.4T liver experiments, it is recommended to setthe relevant conditions to obtain data because when data is acquired by setting TE to 30 msec, anapproximation of the data corrected for T2 can be obtained.

로만 야콥슨의 유표성 이론 연구

유승만 서울대학교 러시아연구소 2006 러시아연구 Vol.16 No.2

The purpose of this article is to present the polysemous notion of markedness and its related terms explicitly. For this purpose, the study reviewed the origin and the development of Jakobson's markedness theory, and examples of its application to poetics and foreign language acquisition as well as subfields of linguistics. Among many facets of the notion of markedness, the study focused on the conceptual change of the unmarked value through Jakobson's writings. In his early writings, R. Jakobson proposed exclusive correlation of the opposition between marked and unmarked value. That is, a correlation is characterized by the presence of some feature and its absence (≪a vs. not a≫). However, in his later writings, Jakobson found the correlation inclusive, and he introduced a new term ≪signalization of a vs. non signalization of a≫. Later, he developed his markedness theory more precisely by using the notion of 'zero sign'. However, as the concepts of ≪a vs. not a≫ and ≪signalization of a vs. non-signalization of a≫ were used synonymously with the terms 'marked' and 'unmarked', the notion of markedness and its related terms became blurred and ambiguous. Therefore, researchers who want to adopt markedness theory as their tools of analysis should first define the notion of markedness explicitly. In addition, the notion of markedness in linguistics should be differentiated from that of markedness in non-linguistic fields.