Genetic diversity assessment of wild populations of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. in Gyeongju National Park, Korea

원효식,임창건,최선아,김미진 한국식물분류학회 2013 식물 분류학회지 Vol.43 No.4

Paeonia lactiflora is a valuable natural resource for horticulture and traditional Chinese medicine. To propose conservation strategy and future utility of the wild Paeonia lactiflora populations recently found around the Gyeongju National Park, genetic diversity analysis using microsatellite markers were performed. Three populations in and near the Gyeongju N.P. and one population from Jilin, China were analyzed for five microsatellite markers, producing 61 alleles with mean observed heterozygosity(Ho) of 0.452. FST value (0.11642) suggested moderate level of genetic differentiation among the populations, and hierarchical AMOVA suggested most of the genetic variation resides within/among the individuals rather than among-population. While AMOVA with FST suggested lack of genetic differentiation between the regional (Korean vs. Chinese) populations, AMOVA with RST, which incorporates the allele sizes, suggested considerable differentiation between them, but without significant statistical support. STRUCTURE analysis also suggested segregation of regional populations with presence of gene flow among the three Gyeongju N.P. populations. Considering small population size and scarcity of mature individuals, further protection and long-term monitoring are needed.

바람직한 牧會者 아내像

元孝植 대한신학교 1987 생수 Vol.5 No.-

Test of the hybrid origin of Broussonetia x kazinoki (Moraceae) in Korea using molecular markers

원효식 한국식물분류학회 2019 식물 분류학회지 Vol.49 No.4

Broussonetia × kazinoki Siebold has long been utilized as a major component in the manufacturing of Korean traditional paper, hanji, and has been suggested as a hybrid species of B. papyrifera and B. monoica. By applying three molecular markers, chloroplast (cp) ndhF-rpl32 IGS, a nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer, and the TOPO6 gene, the hybrid origin of B. × kazinoki is tested. As a result, B. × kazinoki in Korea is demonstrated to be a hybrid of B. monoica × B. papyrifera, most likely formed naturally in Korea. The cp haplotypes detected provided information about the origins and genetic diversity of the maternal lineage B. monoica and paternal lineage B. papyrifera. The two nuclear markers were supplemented to each other, leading to the discovery of introgression in Broussonetia.

예수는 나의 주 나의 하나님 (요20:24-31)

원효식 생명샘 1983 생명샘 Vol.- No.11

성경적 가정사역과 목회상담에 대한 고찰

원효식 ( Weon Hyo Shik ) 한국복음주의 기독교상담학회 2006 복음과 상담 Vol.7 No.-

본 연구는 필자가 1970년대 후반부터 현재까지 목회 현장과 신학교와 긱 기관에서 사역해 온 가정사역과 상담사역의 현장보고서이다. 이런 사역현자의 문제점들을 찾아보고 앞으로 한국교회와 가정을 위하여, 또 가정사역자들과 상담사역자들의 보다 조화로운 동역을 위하여 다음과 깉은 제언을 하고자 한다. 첫쨰, 가정의 성경적인 이해를 창조론적 입장에서 타락전(前) 가정, 타락후(後) 가정, 그리고 복음 안에서 화복된 가정을 다룬다. 둘째, 가정사역과 상담사역의 실제로 국내와 해외에서의 사역, 전국지역 사역, 학교사역, 기관 사역, 전국교회 사역, 본인의 목회현장에서의 가정사역, 상담사역, 특히 본 교회 부속 엘림 가정상담소 사역 상황을 보고한다. 셋째, 앞으로 가정사역, 싱딤사역의 방향과 우리에게 주어진 과제를 제안함으로써 마무리를 하고자 한다. 1. 가정은 하나님이 칭조하신 신적 기관이므로 가정이 하나님께서 제정하신 본래의 모습과 기능을 찾도록 모든 교회들이 가정사역과 상담사역을 통한 예방과 치로사역을 해야 한다. 그리고 목회자들이 먼저 가정사역의 필요성과 중요성을 깊이 인식하고 이에 합당한 교육을 성도들에게 실시해야 한다. 2. 가정사역은 모든 세대를 포함하여 성경적인 삶을 살아갈 수 있는 가정중심의 목회에 뿌리를 내리도록 보다 많은 교육자료들을 구체적으로 보급돼야 한다. 3. 수준 높은 가정사역, 상담사역자 양성의 새로운 계획을 세워야 한다. 4. 가정사역자와 상담사역자들의 보다 긴밀한 협력사역이 있어야 한다. 5. 한국교회는 건강한 가정, 건강한 자녀, 건강한 사회와 국가를 만들어 건강한 선교한국을 이루기 위해서, 신명기 24장 5절에 근거한 결혼휴가 제도를 성경적 신학적 재검토를 통하여 한국교회부터 실천해 나가야 할 것이다. 1) 1단계 결혼휴가 : 1개월~3개월. 2) 2단계 결혼휴가 : 4개월~6개월. 3) 3단계 결혼휴가 : 6개월~1년 이런 실천은 현실적 한계에 봉착하지만 한국교회가 앞장서서 교육, 홍보를 통해 국가와 사회, 기업이 함께 협조하도록 노력함으로써 실현해 갈 필요가 있고, 이것은 성경에 근거를 두고 있는 운동이다. This study is a field report on family ministry and pastoral counseling having worked from the late 1970s to now. The purpose of this study is that family-ministers and counselors work actively through harmonious ministry each other. For this purpose, I offer a biblical comprehension of family, my experience in field and a prospect of family ministry and pastoral counseling. I summarized as follows. First, comprehension of family from the viewpoint of creationism (before the Fall, after the Fall, restoration in the gospel). Second, a report on author`s family-ministry and pastoral counseling. Third, comment on the direction and the task of a forward study. 1. To activate education of pastor in order to restore the original nature of family God instituted. 2. To publish good materials for education in order that one may live all his life(from birth to death) in the biblical instruction, 3. To adjust the curriculum of the seminary and the order in the purpose of bringing up a minister of high class. 4. To make family ministers and counselors cooperate more closely each other. 5. To reform the marriage vacation system for a sound family, a stable society and the solid mission Korea on the basis of Deuteronomy 24:5. 1) The first step of a marriage vacation : 1~3 month. 2) The second step of a marriage vacation : 4~6 month. 3) The third step of a marriage vacation : 6~12 month. * In fact, it is nearly impossible to realize this but Church should practice.

Identification of host plant species of Balanophora fungosa var. indica from Phnom Bokor National Park of Cambodia using DNA barcoding technique

김주환,원효식 한국식물분류학회 2013 식물 분류학회지 Vol.43 No.4

During the floristic survey on Phnom Bokor National Park, Kampot, Cambodia, we encountered Balanophora fungosa var. indica, which is a tropical holoparasitic plant. To identify its host species, we collected host roots and trees nearby and tried to identify them using DNA barcoding approach. We applied plastid rbcL and matK gene regions as DNA barcode markers, and successfully amplified and sequenced the markers from 15 host roots and seven tree samples. Obtained host root sequences were identified as Primulaceae, Celastraceae, Myrtaceae, and Oleaceae, while trees nearby are Oleaceae, Myrtaceae, Sapindaceae, Rosaceae, Clusiaceae, Ericaceae, and Lauraceae. At genus level, host species are identified as Myrsine, Euonymus, Syzygium, and Olea, but failed in species discrimination. Myrsine (Primulaceae) and Olea (Oleaceae) are reported here as host species of B. fungosa var. indica for the first time. Further sampling and comparative work, and DNA barcoding will help recognize the biodiversity of the area and host species of Balanophora, together with their evolution.

Impatiens cardamomensis (Balsaminaceae), a new species from Cambodia

김보윤,원효식,Chhang Phourin,임창근,신재서,김영실,조성현 한국식물분류학회 2019 식물 분류학회지 Vol.49 No.4

Impatiens cardamomensis S. H. Cho, C. K. Lim & H. Won, a new species of the family Balsaminaceae from the Cardamom Mountain Range in southwestern Cambodia, is described and illustrated. The species is similar to I. noei from Thailand in that it possesses solitary flowers, fusiform capsules, and compressed seeds, but is readily distinguished by its ovate to widely ovate leaves, shorter petioles, widely elliptic dorsal petals and smaller seeds.

고성능 저전력 모바일 컴퓨팅 제품을 위한 MTCMOS ASIC 설계 방식

김교선,원효식,Kim Kyosun,Won Hyo-Sig 대한전자공학회 2005 電子工學會論文誌-SD (Semiconductor and devices) Vol.42 No.2

The Multi-Threshold CMOS (MTCMOS) technology provides a solution to the high performance and low power design requirements of mobile computing applications. In this paper, we (i) motivate the post-mask-tooling performance enhancement technique combined with the MTCMOS leakage current suppression technology, and (ii) develop a practical MTCMOS ASIC design methodology which fine-tunes and integrates best-in-class techniques and commercially available tools to fix the new design issues related to the MTCMOS technology. Towards validating the proposed techniques, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) processor has been implemented using the methodology, and a 0.18um Process. The fabricated PDA processor operates at 333MHz which has been improved about $23\%$ at no additional cost of redesign and masks, and consumes about 2uW of standby mode leakage power which could have been three orders of magnitude larger if the MTCMOS technology was not applied. 다중 문턱 전압 CMOS (Multi-Threshold voltage CMOS, MTCMOS) 기술은 모바일 컴퓨팅 제품에서 요구되는 고성능 저전력 특성을 제공한다. 본 논문에서는 먼저 MTCMOS의 누설 전류 차단 기술과 이온 주입 농도 조정을 융합한 마스크 제작 사후 성능 향상 기법을 소개한다. 그리고 MTCMOS 기술에 관련하여 발생하는 새로운 설계 이슈들을 해결하는 최신 기술들을 집적하여 개발된 MTCMOS ASIC 설계 방법론을 제시한다. 특히, 현존하는 상업용 소프트웨어로 설계 흐름을 구현하고 있어 실용성이 높다. 제안된 기법들의 효용성을 검증하기 위해 0.18um 기술에 적용하여 PDA 프로세서를 구현하였다. 제작된 PDA 프로세서는 333MHz에서 동작하였다. 이는 재설계 및 마스크 제작비용 없이 단지 이온 주입 농도 조정으로 약 $23\%$의 추가적인 성능 향상 효과를 나타낸 성과이다. 이 때, 대기 시 누설 전력 소모는 2uW를 유지함으로써 MTCMOS 기술 적용 전 대비 수천 배 억제하는 효과를 얻었다.

Identification of Cambodian Gnetum (Gnetaceae, Gnetales) species by DNA barcoding

김주환,원효식 한국식물분류학회 2016 식물 분류학회지 Vol.46 No.2

Gnetum (Gnetaceae, Gnetales) is a gymnosperm genus with ca. 35 species distributed in tropical forests around the world. Due to its dioecious habit and lack of diagnostic characters from vegetative tissue, the identification of Gnetum species is not easy without seeds or reproductive structures. To identify and verify their phylogenetic positions, we applied DNA barcoding to Cambodian Gnetum collections gathered between 2010 and 2015, with previously designed cㄴp matK gene primers. We newly sequenced partial matK sequences from 72 Gnetum collections, 43 out of 72 from Cambodia, and analyzed 115 Gnetum accessions using the neighbor-joining method. The resulting neighbor-joining tree categorized Cambodian Gnetum samples into three clades of species: G. macrostachyum, G. montanum, and G. aff. gracilipes. The recognition of G. aff. gracilipes in Cambodia is reported here for the first time. Taxonomic information for the three recognized Cambodian Gnetum species is provided and the benefits of the taxonomic reevaluation assisted by DNA barcoding are emphasized in this work.

Plastid genome of Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae Kitam., an endanger species of Korean asterids

박지혜,심재경,원효식,이정호 국립생물자원관 2017 Journal of species research Vol.6 No.1

Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae Kitam. is an endemic taxon of Korea and is protected by law as an endanger taxon. The genetic information of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae is unavailable in Genbank. Here we sequenced chloroplast genome of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae. The cp-genome of Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae was 152,446 bps in size: LSC was 84,240 bps, IR 25,005 bps, SSC 18,196 bps. The cp-genome contains 112 genes and 21 introns consisted of 79 protein coding genes (PCGs), 4 RNA genes, and 29 tRNA genes, with 20 group II introns and one group I intron. There were three pseudo-genes including ψ-ycf1, ψ-rps19, and ψ-trnT_GGU. Eighteen genes, five introns, and parts of two genes and an intron are found within the IR, which has two copies. The cp-DNA of Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae is distinguished from A. spathulifolius, only known cp-genome of the genus Aster, by 172 SNP in genic regions of 43 PCGs and 21 indels in 11 PCGs and SSU. The chloroplast genome sequence was deposited at GenBank (KX35265).