[동남아시아] 경계 넘기와 새로운 시각의 모색

여운경(Yeo, Woonkyung) 역사학회 2016 역사학보 Vol.0 No.231

The studies of Southeast Asian history in Korea in 2012-2015 have achieved ‘development’ in scholarship, responding to new theories and approaches in the field of (Southeast) Asian studies and other disciplines. While producing in-depth research on political and legal changes in premodern Southeast Asian societies, scholars of Southeast Asian history also sought to find answers to contemporary scholarly trends in the field, such as search for more interdisciplinary approaches, growing interest in more contemporary histories and more diverse topics, the critiquing of the idea and power of nation and nationalism, and quest for more international and transnational perspectives in interpreting Southeast Asian history. These new trends were encouraged by the interdisciplinary Southeast Asian studies initiated by the Humanities Korea Project and the participation of scholars outside the field of Southeast Asian history. Such an approach helped scholars study it as an integrated area rather than a collection of individual states. The rise of “New” Cold War history also contributed to the growth of studies on contemporary Southeast Asia based on transnational perspectives. As such, during the last four years the field of Southeast Asian history has communicated with diverse voices of scholars of other regions and disciplines in and outside Korea, and paved the way for a more integrated yet multidimensional study of Southeast Asian history.

베스털링(Westerling)을 찾아서: 1950년대 인도네시아의 탈식민지화와 네덜란드인 문제

여운경 ( Woon-kyung Yeo ) 경남대학교 인문과학연구소 2018 人文論叢 Vol.47 No.-

이 논문은 1950년대 인도네시아의 탈식민지화 과정에서 인도네시아의 네덜란드인을 둘러싼 정치, 사회적 갈등과 그 영향을 다룬다. 특히 1950년 초 반둥 지역에서 이른바 “정의로운 왕의 군대(APRA)” 반란을 일으켰던 베스털링(R. A. Westerling)을 둘러싼 논란에 주목한다. 독립 직후 발생한 이 사건은 신생국가의 안정을 위협하는 상징적인 사건으로 부각되었는데, 반란 실패 직후 싱가포르로 탈출한 베스털링의 체포 및 송환을 둘러싸고 극심한 정치적, 법적 논란이 있었다. 인도네시아 정부는 1950년 8월 베스털링이 유럽으로 추방된 후에도 그의 행적을 추적했고 송환을 위해 노력하였다. 한편 1950년대 중반 슈미트, 융슐라허 등 식민지 군 출신들이 반정부 활동 혐의로 체포되었는데, 재판 과정에서 이들이 1950년대 베스털링의 활동에 연루된 것으로 알려졌다. 이 재판을 통해 이들은 “또 다른 베스털링”으로 부각되었고, 인도네시아 민족주의와 탈식민지화의 걸림돌이라는 네덜란드인의 이미지가 형성되었다. 이 논문은 APRA 반란과 베스털링의 행적을 둘러싼 논란, 그리고 융슐라허 재판을 살펴봄으로써, 1950년대 인도네시아의 탈식민지화 과정에서 베스털링과 네덜란드인 문제가 어떤 의미를 지니고 있었고, 특히 그 속에서 베스털링이라는 인물의 상징성이 어떻게 이용되었는가를 분석한다. This article explores political and social conflicts surrounding the Dutch in Indonesia and their impacts in the decolonization of Indonesia in the 1950s. More specifically, it focuses on the case of Westerling who launched a rebellion called Angtakan Perang Ratu Adil (APRA) in Bandung in early 1950. This rebellion was regarded as a symbolic threat to the security of the newly independent state. After the rebellion failed, Westerling smuggled himself to Singapore. There were intense political and legal disputes over the extradition of Westerling to Indonesia. The Indonesian government chased him even after he was deported to Europe, and continued to attempt to extradite to Indonesia. Meanwhile, some Dutch ex-military officers of the KNIL, such as Jungschlaeger and Schmidt, were arrested for anti-government activities in the mid-1950s. During the trial, they were allegedly accused of being involved in Westerling’s campaigns in the 1950s. Through this trial they were labeled as “another Westerling”, and the image of the Dutch was formulated as an obstacle to Indonesian nationalism and decolonization. By exploring the APRA rebellion, debates on Westerling’s whereabouts, and the Jungschlaeger trial, this article analyzes what Westerling and the Dutch question meant in the decolonization of Indonesia in the 1950s, and how the image of Westerling was manipulated in the process.

1950-60년대 인도네시아의 정치 변화와 수카르노의 “혁명”

呂運京(Woonkyung Yeo) 동양사학회 2017 東洋史學硏究 Vol.139 No.-

In the mid-1950s, Indonesian society suffered from political conflicts and economic downfall in the context of regional rebellions and the Cold War. As a solution to these problems, Sukarno, the 1st president of Indonesia, suggested the return to the “Revolution (Revolusi).” In Indonesian history, Revolution refers to the anti-Dutch struggle for independence in 1945-49. Sukarno explicated that the Revolution was not over yet and the revolutionary spirit should be revived to accomplish the goal of Indonesian nation for an independent state, social justice, and a new international order. He suggested a new political system called “Guided Democracy” as an alternative to parliamentary democracy, which was often criticized as an western system unsuitable for Indonesian society. Under this system the political power was concentrated on the president, while political parties and parliaments were dissembles or transformed according to the governmental policy. Two political powers, the military forces and the communist party, grew rapidly in the absence of powerful parties, and the Guided Democracy was operated through the interplay between these two groups, while Sukarno working as an powerful arbiter between the two. However, increasing conflicts between the two archrivals eventually led to the collapse of the system and the emergence of Suharto’s “New Order.” The New Order abandoned the quest for Revolution, and was completely different from Sukarno’s government in its economic goals and international relations. Yet its basic political system - such as enormous power of the president and the role of functional groups – was inherited from Sukarno’s Guided Democracy. Ironically, the practices of a revolutionary political leader contributed to emergence of a most reactionary government.

자연, 과학, 권력: 식물원과 국가 만들기

여운경 ( Yeo Woonkyung ) 한국동남아학회 2016 동남아시아연구 Vol.26 No.4

1950∼60년대 인도네시아의 정치적 혼란과 셀레베스 해(Celebes Sea) 밀무역

여운경(Woonkyung Yeo) 한국문화역사지리학회 2014 문화 역사 지리 Vol.26 No.1

본 논문은 1950∼60년대 셀레베스 해에서 성행했던, 술라웨시(인도네시아), 영국령 북보르네오(사바), 필리핀사이의 밀무역에서 파생된 복잡한 국제관계를 분석한다. 이 시기에 술라웨시와 필리핀의 천연자원(코프라)이 종종 북보르네오 항구 타오 타와우로 밀반출되었고, 그 반대급부로 쌀과 사치품이 반입되었다. 북보르네오 화인들, 인도네시아 선원들, 심지어 싱가포르와 홍콩 상인들까지 이 풍요로운 사업에 참여했고, 필리핀인들도 밀수꾼 흑은 해적으로 등장했다. 이렇듯 셀레베스 해의 밀무역은 이 지역 경제의 초국가적 성격과유동성을 잘 보여준다. 한편 밀무역은 프르메스타반란이나 인도네시아-말레이시아 분쟁과 같은 정치적 갈등, 그로 인한 국경의 강화(혹은 약화) 속에서 성쇠를 겪게 되었고, 특정 한 정치적 상황에서 각국은 자신의 이익에 따라 밀수에 대해 서로 다른 입장을 보인다. 셀레베스 해 밀무역의 구조와 그를 둘러싼 논란을 분석함으로써, 이 논문은 정치, 국경(형성)과 밀수의 관계를 다시 생각해본다. This article analyzes complex international relations formed by secret πade around the Celebes Sea, between Sulawesi (Indonesia), British North Borneo (Sabah), and the Philippines throughout the 1950s and 1960s. Throughout this period, natural products (mostly copra) of Sulawesi and the Philippines were frequently smuggled to Tawau, a North Borneo port adjacent to border, where rice and luxury goods were shipped to Sulawesi and the Philippines in return. In this lucrative business, Indonesian sailors, traders from Singapore and Hong Kong, let alone Chinese traders in the British North Borneo, were deeply involved. Filipinos also played a part, sometimes as smugglers, sometimes as pirates. As such, smuggling around the Celebes Sea testifies to the transnational character and mobility of the region's economy. In addition, the status of smuggling fluctuated with political conflict in and around Indonesia, such as the Permesta Rebellion and the Confrontation between Indonesia and Malaysia, and the subsequent strengthening(or weakening) of the border. The three states showed different standpoint towards the issue of smuggling, based on their own interest in specific political conditions. By investigating the structure of and debates over smuggling around the Celebes Sea, this article rethinks the connectedness between politics , border (formation) and smuggling.

가상 시스템 모델을 기반으로 하는 전기-자기-기계 시스템의 제어

김홍윤(Hong-Youn Kim),여운경(Un-Kyeong Yeo),김민수(Min-Su Kim),김영준(Young-Jun Kim) 대한기계학회 2016 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2016 No.12

A new approach to the control of electro-magneto-mechanical system is proposed in this paper. Conventionally, these systems are controlled based on the Maxwell system model via an on-off or PID control technique, which displays acceptable performance in the low frequency region, but not in the high frequency region where position control performance is greatly degraded. In order to improve the performance, a newly developed virtual 2nd order system modeling technique, SSID, is adopted for a complex electro-magneto-mechanical system in the study. This technique states that any unknown system exposed to a random disturbance with unknown intensity can be identified in terms of a virtual 2nd order system model via the inverse process of a certain stochastic analysis. As a typical hybrid system, a solenoid valve is used as the target electro-magneto-mechanical system to study the modeling of the virtual 2nd order system. In order to confirm the performance of the proposed control strategy, autotuning PID controller in PWM mode is utilized. Simulations based on the conventional Maxwell system model with control via the bang-bang, autotuning PID, and the proposed virtual 2nd order system model approaches are conducted using MATLAB Simulink. Performance of these three systems in the low and high frequency bands is also compared. The simulation results reveal that the control performance of the virtual 2nd order system model is much improved compared with that of the Maxwell system model under autotuning PID and bang-bang controls in both low and high frequency regions, where the error is drastically reduced to approximately 1/5 of the original value.

구성요소치 해석을 이용한 확률계의 축소와 제어

채교순(Kyo-Soon Chae),이동희(Dong-Hee Lee),박성만(Sung-Man Park),여운경(Un-Kyung Yeo),조윤현(Yun-Hyun Cho),허훈(Hoon Heo) 대한기계학회 2007 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2007 No.5

A dynamic system under random disturbance is considered in the study. In order to control the system efficiently, proper reduction of system dimension is indispensible in design stage. The reduction method using component cost analysis in conjunction with stochastic analysis is proposed for the control of a system. System response is obtained in terms of dynamic moment equation via Fokker-Plank-Kolmogorov(F-P-K) equation. The dynamic moment response of the system under random disturbance are reduced by using of deterministic version of component cost analysis. The reduced system via proposed stochastic component cost analysis is successfully implemented for dynamic response and shows remarkable control performance effectively utilizing stochastic controller in physical time domain.

GㆍI(Germination Index)에 대한 염농도와 유기산 농도의 영향인자에 대한 고찰

이명규(Myung-Gyu Lee),민태홍(Tae-Hong Min),여운경(Woon-Kyung Yeo),태민호(Min-Ho Tae) 상지대학교 환경과학기술연구소 2001 환경과학연구 Vol.7 No.1

  본 연구는 퇴비의 부숙도를 평가하는 방법 중에서, 특히 생물학적 방법인 GㆍI (Germination Index)의 영향인자에 대하여 실험하였다. GㆍI 방법은 작물의 발아비율 및 뿌리생장율과 관련이 깊은 부숙도 평가 방법으로서, GㆍI 방법을 수용성상태에서 염류와 휘발성지방산 등에 적용한 결과 발아지수 80에 해당하는 농도는 Mg, Na, K, Ca는 각각 27, 435, 659, 2, 360 ppm 이었으며, Propionate, Butyrate, Acetate는 각각 173, 220, 390 ppm이었다. 이 농도를 혼합하여 복합적인 상태에서의 발아지수를 비교해 본 결과, 염류는 발아지수의 상승효과를, 유기산의 경우는 발아지수의 감소효과를 발생시키는 것을 알 수 있었다.   This experiment was carried out to investigate the relative factors effective to the germination index using salts and organic acids that based on the ratio of seed germination. The factors examined - Mg, Na, K, Ca, acetate, propionate and butyrate - were controled by the concentration. As a results, the concentration of elements on germination index (80) was as follows that: Mg, Na, K, Ca, acetate, propionate and butyrate was 27, 435, 659, 2,360, 390, 173, 220 ppm, respectively. Especially, in the condition of multiple treatment, volatile fatty acids decreased germination index, but of salts increased germination index.

LabVIEW™를 이용한 홈 오토메이션 구현

김홍윤(Hong Youn Kim),안준영(Ahn June Young),여운경(Yeo Un Kyeong),허훈(Hoon Heo) 한국통신학회 2006 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.7

확률론적 Balance 방법을 이용한 제어용 모델의 축소

이동희(Dong-Hee Lee),권동철(Dong-Chul Kwon),여운경(Un-Kyung Yeo),박성만(Sung-Man Park),채교순(Kyo-Soon Chae),허훈(Hoon Heo) 한국소음진동공학회 2007 한국소음진동공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2007 No.3