박쥐 맨아래구역 띠뇌실막세포의 Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein에 대한 면역조직화학 및 면역세포화학적 연구

양영철,조병필,강호석,Yang, Young-Chul,Cho, Byung-Pil,Kang, Ho-Suck 한국현미경학회 2000 Applied microscopy Vol.30 No.4

뇌실을 감싸는 뇌실막층은 대부분이 일반적인 뇌실막 세포로 이루어졌으나, 이들 세포 사이에 간혹 띠뇌실막 세포(tanycyte)가 분포하고 있다. 띠뇌실막세포는 일반적인 뇌실막세포와는 달리 뇌의 실질로 뻗은 매우 긴 기저돌기를 갖고 있다. 특히 제3뇌실의 뇌실막층에서 주로 연구된 띠뇌실막세포는 뇌실과 뇌실질의 혈관 혹은 신경세포와의 사이에 물질교환을 담당하는 것으로 추측되고 있으며, 띠뇌실막세포는 일반적인 뇌실막세포와는 달리 glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)항체에 대해 양성반응을 보이는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 면역조직화학 및 면역금표지법을 이용하여 박쥐 맨아래구역을 감싸는 뇌실막층에서 GFAP 항체에 대해 양성반응을 보이는 세포의 분포여부 및 이의 미세 구조를 확인하고자 시행하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 세로 절단한 절편을 대상으로 GFAP 항체를 이용하여 면역염색한 후 광학현미경으로 확인한 결과 맨아래구역을 감싸는 뇌실막층에 GFAP 양성반응을 보이는 세포가 관찰되었으며, 특히 맨아래구역의 목부분에서 양성반응 세포가 많이 모여 있었다. GFAP양성반응을 보이는 세포들은 매우 긴 기저돌기를 갖고 있었으며, 기저돌기에서도 매우 강한 GFAP 양성반응을 보였다. 세포체에서는 주변부에서 양성반응을 보였다. 전자현미경하에서 맨아래구역 띠뇌실막세포는 주로 ependymal tanycytes였으며, 자유면에 소수의 미세융모 및 세포질돌기가 관찰되었으나, 섬모는 관찰되지 않았다. 기저부에 특징적으로 긴 기저돌기를 갖고 있었으며 이 돌기에는 중간세사 및 세로로 길게 달리는 사립체가 발달되어 있었고, 세포체와 돌기에 지방방울이 산재되어 있었다. 금입자를 표지한 GFAP항체를 사용하여 면역 염색한 후 전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과 세포체에서 핵을 둘러싸는 중간세사에서 금입자를 관찰할 수 있었으며, 나머지 핵을 비롯한 다른 세포소기관이나 세포질에서는 관찰되지 많았다. 또한 기저돌기에서도 중간세사에서만 금입자를 관찰할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 본 실험의 결과는 박쥐 맨아래구역 뇌실막층에도 띠뇌실막세포가 존재하고 있으며, 이 세포의 발달된 긴 기저돌기는 띠뇌실막세포가 일반적인 뇌실막세포와는 다른 기능을 동면동물인 박쥐의 맨아래구역에서도 수행하고 있음을 암시하고 있으나 이를 확인하기 위해서 더욱 자세한 연구가 필요한 것으로 사료된다. There are a few tanycytes between the general ependymal cells lining the ependymal layer of the brain ventricle. These cells are considered as modified ependymal cells which possess a long basal process. Tanycytes are known to have an ability to communicate by absorbing substances from cerebrospinal fluid and transporting them to the blood vessels and/or to the neurons in the CNS. The third and fourth ventricular tanycytes were mainly studied as subjects but it's rare to find reports about the tanycytes of the area postrema. Glial fibrillary acidic protein is an intermediate filament protein that is expressed especially in astrocytes of the CNS. But GFAP is also found in filament of the tanycytes and its process. Therefore this study was carried out for the examination of the GFAP immunoreactive tanycytes lining the area postrema of the bat, and we also examined the ultrastructure of tanycytes using electron microscope. GFAP immunoreactive tanycytes were located in the caudal portion of the fourth ventricle, and especially mainly in the transitional zone between the floor of the caudal fourth ventricle and ependymal layer lining the area postrema. A few GFAP immunoreactive tanycytes were also found in the ependymal layer lining the area postrema, and some groups of tanycytes were found in the ependymal layer of the area postrema near the floor of the caudal fourth ventricle , The processes of tanycytes were stained deeply with anti-GFAP antibody. Especially the GFAP immunoreactive tanycytes lining the area postrema had very long processes that cross the whole width of the area postrema. In the electron microscope, the cell body of ependymal tanycyte was located on the ependymal layer and had a long basal process. Intermediate filaments were observed around the nucleus and well developed in the process of tanycrte. Longitudinal oriented long mitochondria and a few lipid droplets were also found in this process. After immunocytocheical staining, the gold particles were found only in the intermediate filaments. We could not determine the function of the tanycytes in the area postrema. Thus, further investigation is required to determine the functional relationship between the tanycytes and the area postrema in hibernating animal, the bat.

6-Aminonicotinamide 투여 후 햄스터 척수 중심관의 형태변화

양영철,조병필,강호석,박인국,Yang, Young-Chul,Cho, Byung-Pil,Kang, Ho-Suck,Park, In-Kook 한국현미경학회 1997 Applied microscopy Vol.27 No.2

Hydrocephalus is induced experimentally in prenatal and suckling animals following an injection of 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN). The most remarkable characteristic of these animals is aqueduct stenosis caused by swellings of the ependymal cells and subependymal cells in the periaqueductal gray matter and the central canal of the spinal cord. The present study was undertaken to investigate the morphological changes of the ependymal cells in the central canal of the spinal cord of 3.5 months old hamster after treatment with 6-AN. Intraperitoneal administrations of 6-AN (10 mg/kg body weight) every two days gave rise to partial central canal stenosis of the spinal cord after 27-29 days (13-l4th injection), but cilia and microvilli were located in the strictural area of the con#rat canal. The vacuolations in the ependymal cells were not observed and degenerating changes of intracellular organelles of the ependymal cells did not occur, so that the ependymal cells lining the central canal of the hamster spinal cord were not affected by 6-AN. But the present study demonstrate that 6-AN causes to create numerous vacuoles in the subependymal area of the central canal. Although the vacuoles were well developed in the neuroglial cells and the neuropils of the subependymal area, the neurons were not affected by 6-AN. These results strongly suggests that partial central canal stenosis occurred by 6-AN was due to vacuolations and swellings of the neuroglial cells and nueropils in the subependymal area.

6-Aminonicotinamide 투여 후 햄스터 척수의 미세구조 변화

양영철,Yang, Young-Chul 한국현미경학회 1997 Applied microscopy Vol.27 No.3

The effects of antimetabolite, 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN), on ultrastrudural changes in the spinal cord of golden hamster were investigated. Intraperitoneal administration of 6-AN (10 mg/kg body weight) every two days gave rise to a marked reduction of about $30\sim40%$ in body weight after $26\sim28$ days ($13\sim14th$ injection). In the lesions of the spinal cord, neuroglial cells such as astrocytes and oligodendrocytes were severely damaged, but neurons and blood vessels were not affected by 6-AN. The myelin sheath was also affected by 6-AN. Vacuoles observed in the lesions were produced by the swelling and degenerating changes of neuropils and neuroglial cells. Numerous swollen mitochondria and cisterns of rough endoplasmic reticulum were observed in the watery cytoplasm of damaged neuroglial cells, but intermediate filaments were well preserved. Especially in the damaged astrocytes, the outer nuclear membrane were partially swollen and formed a halfmoonlike structure. It is suggested that as well as the multivesicular bodies protruding from the swollen dendrites, the conjugation of adjacent vacuoles also participated in the formation of large vacuoles.

참여정부의 자치경찰 창설과 운영방안

양영철(Yang Young-Chul) 서울행정학회 2005 한국사회와 행정연구 Vol.15 No.4

Regardless of local government, National Police has monopolized the public security as the actual law enforcement authority in Korea since the Liberation. However, there are more demerits than merits for the national security which is monopolized by the National Police. Especially, there are big problems in correspondence and democracy of National Police, resulted from local government excluding both the responsibility and the right for security of the region without any control of its residents. Many generations of the government had tried to execute the system of local government police but it was not successful under self-interested departments and divisions. Roh Moo-hyun government has promoting the execution of local government police as the main policy. On September 16th of 2004, the government measure was confirmed after many meetings with the parties concerned. It has entered the new phase of executing local government police for the first time in its history. Local government police will be starting by focusing on the basic local government. The main affairs are local traffic service, basic crime prevention for safety and consolidation of law enforcement for each department. The police officers win enter local public service and the cooperation with national police will be carried out by secondary local government(shi, do)securitv administration committee. National police, local residents and local government will participate together to operate and evaluate local government police, drawing up a plan for exemplary local community police. It will be first pretested from October, 2005 for a year and will be executed in full-scale from the second half of 2006 after problems complemented.

제주특별자치도의 권한이양 현황과 과제

양영철 ( Young Chul Yang ) 제주대학교 법과정책연구원 2007 法과 政策 Vol.13 No.2

회생제동 인버터 시험설비의 제작 및 시험

양영철(Yang Young Chul),박종필(Park Jong Phil),한문섭(Han Moon Sub),김주락(Kim Ju Rak),김용기(Kim Yong Ki) 한국철도학회 2007 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.- No.-

For electric traction using a large power converter, harmonic problem in the p-ower quality and regenerating energy in side of efficiency are important. Recently, by advance in power electronics technology, some countries are considering regenerative inverter from the points of view. when the electric tractions are stopped or driven through the falling slope way, it is very useful to supply surplus energy to the power source by regenerating system in the efficient side of energy and it is very economical. these regenerating energy are supported electrical equipment through DC line. In this research, the purposes are suppressing extra DC-line voltage and saving energy generated while electric traction is been driving on the falling slope way or reducing speed for railway using a 1500V DC-voltage. Besides, the accompanied defects of current distortion, low power factor and the voltage unbalance will be solved by developing the algorism of inverter having ability to compensate current harmonic.

트래킹 쇼트의 창조적 사용

양영철(Yang Young Chul) 한국영화학회 2005 영화연구 Vol.0 No.27

The filmic term 'tracking shot' is fundamentally close to 'long take shot' rather than 'montage'. Tracking could avoid the drawbacks of montage that often analytically destructs the being and of long take that might proceed the stationary reticence. Tracking shot is not a new terminology anymore. it is frequently used in contemporary film industry with highly advanced film technology such as many kinds of crane systems like Techno cane and MCC. Filmmakers are the people who obsessively modulate their styles to create their own visions. As Gombrich has observed, sometimes new and improved style are the results from pure artistic passion that satisfies themselves who overpass his colleagues. Tracing shot is completed while the camera is running so that there is no editing point. Since that reason, editor doesn't have many options to manipulate his creativeness. While the tendency of fixed long take might increase ambiguity, tracking shot is firmly narrow down focus into its subject so the audience doesn't have to time to be interrupted by 'decoupage in shot'. In reality, today's commercial film industry largely endorses its power to production company and producers. Only few commercially verified director's allowed to express their unique insights. Filmmaking is traditionally processed on its routine regulations and so does film styles. The creative camera movements have to be included in the filmic continuity terms to persue the ultimate film's goal; Sature. In commercial film world, Seamless editing which hides camera cutting point, shot/reverse shot, and fluid camera movements are the fundamentals of modem filmmaking theory and practice. That doesn't mean that only contemporary films have privileged style. A long pending controversial issue between modernism and realism will fade into vanished age if you see the film as sature. Cutting-edge editing technique juxtaposed with 'deep depth of field' could unveil the deep thoughts. Long take is not the best tool to grab audience's gaze. However there is optional stylistic differences between european movies that contains more 'mis-en-scene' than hollywood mainstream. As Comolli suggested, this has to be interpreted as tendencies of film or follow of style rather than ideologic distinction.

역대 정부와 문재인 정부의 자치경찰 도입 과정에 관한 비교 연구

양영철 ( Yang Young-chul ) 한국행정사학회 2018 韓國行政史學誌 Vol.43 No.-

자치경찰은 주민의 생명과 재산을 보호하는 역할을 하기 때문에 지방자치와 함께 시작하였다. 자치경찰은 이러한 중요성에도 불구하고 우리나라는 실험적으로 실시되고 있는 제주자치경찰 이외는 아직 전국적으로 도입되지 않고 있다. 자치경찰의 도입은 미군정에서부터 시작하여 역대 거의 모든 정부들이 노력을 하였던 정책과제였다. 김대중정부때는 자치경찰은 국정과제로 선정되었고, 이후 오늘날 문재인 정부까지 자치경찰은 국정과제에 늘 상위에 있었다. 이러한 정부의 노력이 지속적으로 있음에도 불구하고 정책으로 성공하지 못하는 이유는 무엇일까. 본 논문의 출발점이다. 본 논문은 분석의 단위를 자치경찰의 추진동기, 추진목적, 주도자라는 3개의 변수와 각 변수를 구성하고 있는 요소들을 선정하였고, 이 들 요소들이 어떻게 결합될 때 자치경찰이 성공 또는 실패되는가를 탐색하는 내용이 본 논문의 주 내용이다. 이를 분석하기 위하여 미군정에서부터 문재인정부까지 3개의 변수와 각 변수의 구성요소들을 중심으로 분석하였다. 분석한 결과 ① 미군정은 추진동기는 외부, 추진목적은 창조적이며, 주도자는 외부집단, 결과는 실패 ② 장면정부는 추진동기 외부, 목적은 치유적, 주도자는 외부집단, 결과는 실패 ③ 노태우정부는 추진동기는 외부, 목적은 치유적, 주도자는 외부집단, 결과는 도입실패 ④김대중 정부는 추진목적은 외부, 목적은 치유적, 주도자는 외부와 내부, 결과는 실패 ⑤ 노무현 정부는 추진동기 외부, 목적은 창조적, 주도자는 외부와 내부가 동반적 관계, 일부 성공, 일부 실패 ⑥ 문재인 정부는 추진동기는 외부, 목적은 창조적, 주도자는 내부가 강하고 외부는 약한 모습, 결과는 미정이나 성공 가능성이 높다. 결과적으로 정책의 성공은 개혁대상에 강한 인센티브가 수반된 추진동기가 외부에서 주어지고, 목표는 창조적이며, 정책주도자는 내부일 때가 성공가능성이 높다고 할 수 있다. Municipal policing started with the local autonomy since it plays an crucial role in protecting the lives and properties of the residents. In spite of this importance, it has not been introduced nationwide with the exception of Jeju’s Municipal Police system, which has been experimentally conducted in Korea. The introduction of municipal police began with the US Military Government and was a policy task that virtually all previous governments attempted to implement. At the time of Kim Dae Jung administration, the autonomous police system was selected as a national priority task, and it is still one of the top priorities in Moon Jae-In administration as well. Despite these ongoing efforts, however, the policies in the field have not yet been successfully implemented. This issue is the very basis of the current paper; in this study, we have selected the three variables of analysis- the motivation, the purpose of the municipal police and leaders, and the elements that constitute each variable- and how these factors are combined to determine whether the introduction of municipal police succeeded or failed. For thorough examination, this paper analyzes the processes of municipal police systems from the US military government to the present Moon Jae-In administration by focusing on the detailed components of each variable. The findings of the analysis are as follows: ① In the US military government, the driving motivation was ‘external’, the purpose was ‘creative’, the ruler was ‘an external group’, and eventually the result was ‘failed’; ② In Jang Myun government, the motive was ‘external’, the purpose was ‘restorative’, the leader was ‘an external group’, and the result was ‘failed’ ③ In Roh Tae - Woo government, the motive was ‘externaal’, the purpose was ‘restorative’, the leader was ‘an external group’, and the result was ‘failed in introduction’. ④ In Kim Dae-Jung government, the motive was ‘external’, the purpose was ‘restorative’, the leader was ‘external/internal’, and the result was ‘failed’ ⑤ In Roh Moo-Hyun government, the motive was ‘external’, the purpose was ‘creative’, the leader was ‘external/internal’, and the result was ‘partially succeeded/partially failed’ ⑥ In Moon Jae-In government, the motive is ‘eternal’, the purpose is ‘creative’, the leader is’ strong insider/weak outsider’, and the result was ‘undecided/considerably hopeful’. The overall results of this study show that required conditions for the success of Municipal Police system and relevant policies are as follows: the motive ‘strong external’, the purpose ‘creative’, and the policy leader 'insider’.

유연한 수리계획 작성을 위한 모형관리자의 설계 및 구현

양영철(Young-Chul Yang),장양자(Yang-Ja Jang),김기동(Ki-Dong Kim),박진우(Jin-Woo Park) 대한산업공학회 2001 대한산업공학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2001 No.4

정보망을 이용한 지역개발에서의 주민참여 활성화 방안에 관한 연구

양영철(Yang Young-Chul),허향진(Huh Hyang-Jin),송석언(Song Seok-Eon),고종권(Ko Jong-Kwon),곽호영(Kwak Ho-Yong),김한일(Kim Han-Il),최광식(Choi Kwang-Sik),황경수(Hwang Kyung-Soo) 한국지역정보화학회 1999 한국지역정보화학회지 Vol.3 No.1